Resumen En este trabajo, replicamos el enfoque de Salaberry (2011). En función a una tarea escrita de elección múltiple de 40 ítems basada en el discurso, analizamos la influencia que tienen la clase aspectual del verbo y la información de foco y fondo discursivos sobre el uso de la morfología verbal perfectiva e imperfectiva del español por aprendices sinohablantes de los niveles B1, B2, C1 (del MCER). Nuestros resultados muestran que la preferencia por usar asociaciones prototípicas predichas por la LAH y la DH coincide con los resultados de Salaberry (2011). Sin embargo, descubrimos que nuestros estudiantes de L1 chino mandarín muestran un patrón de desarrollo particular en comparación con los estudiantes de L1 inglés de Salaberry (2011).

Abstract In this work, we replicate the approach of Salaberry (2011). Based on an a written 40 item discourse based forced-choice task, we analyze the influence of lexical aspectual class and grounding information in discourse on the use of perfective and imperfective verbal morphology of Spanish by Chinese learners of three levels of proficiency (B1, B2, C1 of the CEFR). Our results show that the preference to use prototypical associations predicted by the LAH and the DH coincide with Salaberry’s (2011) results. However, we found that our L1 Mandarin Chinese learners show a particular developmental pattern compared with the L1 English learners in Salaberry (2011).

Abstract Objectives The differentiation between Vestibular Migraine (VM) and Meniere's Disease (MD) is difficult because of overlapping symptoms. The study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and vestibular function test results between VM and MD patients. Methods Seventy-one patients with definite VM and 31 patients with definite unilateral MD were included. All patients received Caloric Test (CT), Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) and Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP) test within 7 days after visiting the hospital. Results of these tests were compared between groups. Results Most VM patients (64.0%) experienced spontaneous internal vertigo, while most MD patients (66.7%) experienced spontaneous external vertigo. MD patients had more severe vestibular symptoms and autonomic responses compared to VM patients during attacks (p= 0.03, p= 0.00, respectively). The nystagmus intensity of CT-induced was greater in VM patients than in MD patients (p= 0.003). More VM patients had CT intolerance and Central Positional Nystagmus (CPN) compared to MD patients (p= 0.002, p = 0.006, respectively). More MD patients had CT(+) and vHIT saccades wave compared to VM patients (p< 0.001, p= 0.002, respectively). The non-elicitation rate of cervical VEMP was higher, and the ocular VEMP amplitudes were lower in MD patients than in VM patients (p = 0.002, p= 0.018). Conclusions Vestibular symptoms during attacks combined with the results of vestibular function tests may be used to differentiate between VM and MD. The diverse nature of vestibular symptoms (especially internal vertigo), history of motion sickness and CT intolerance may provide clues to the diagnosis of VM, whereas spontaneous external vertigo, CT(+) with vHIT(-), and the presence of saccades may provide clues to the diagnosis of MD. Level of evidence: 4.

Abstract Objective To compare the clinical features, risk factors, distribution of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) subtypes, and effectiveness of canalith repositioning between geriatric and non-geriatric patients with BPPV. Methods A total of 400 patients with BPPV were enrolled. Canalith repositioning was performed according to the semicircular canals involved. Patients were divided by age into a geriatric group (≥60 years) and a non-geriatric group (20-59 years). Clinical characteristics, potential age-related risk factors, distribution of subtypes, and effectiveness of canalith repositioning were compared between the groups. Results Female sex was significantly more common in all age groups, with a peak female-to-male ratio of 5.1:1 in the group aged 50-59 years. There was a higher proportion of men in the geriatric group. A history of disease associated with atherosclerosis was significantly more common in the geriatric group (p< 0.05). Migraine was significantly more common in the non-geriatric group (p= 0.018), as was posterior canal BPPV. The horizontal canal BPPV (especially horizontal canal BPPV-cupulolithiasis), and multicanal BPPV subtypes were more common in the geriatric group, whereas anterior canal BPPV was more common in the non-geriatric group. Two canalith repositioning sessions were effective in 58.0% of the geriatric cases and in 72.6% of the non-geriatric cases (p= 0.002). There was a tendency for the effectiveness of canalith repositioning to decrease with increasing age. Conclusion BPPV was more common in women. However, the proportion of men with BPPV increased with age. Elderly patients often had a history of diseases associated with atherosclerosis (i.e., hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia). The horizontal canal BPPV (particularly horizontal canal BPPV-cupulolithiasis) and multicanal BPPV subtypes were more common and the anterior canal BPPV subtype was less common in elderly patients. The effectiveness of canalith repositioning may decrease with age. Therefore, older patients should receive more comprehensive medical treatment. Level of evidence: 4.

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and midterm prognosis of transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs) in sexagenary patients in China. Methods: Forty-six sexagenary patients who underwent transcatheter device closure of ASDs in our hospital were included in this study. The patients’ preoperative and postoperative clinical symptoms, echocardiographic results, and quality of life were investigated and analyzed. Results: Of the 46 sexagenary patients who participated in the study, 40 completed the study. After ASD closure, the clinical symptoms of the patients significantly improved, and the number of patients with dyspnea and palpitations significantly decreased after the operation. According to the echocardiographic results, few patients had a tiny residual shunt after closure, but the shunt disappeared completely at the three-month follow-up. The size of the right ventricular cavity was significantly smaller postoperatively compared with preoperatively. Regarding the patients’ quality of life, their feedback in all dimensions of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (or SF-36) was significantly improved at the three-month follow-up, and it remained improved at the one-year follow-up. Conclusion: The clinical outcomes and subjective quality of life of sexagenary patients with ASDs improved significantly after transcatheter device closure of ASDs. Therefore, we believe that for sexagenary patients with ASDs, transcatheter device closure is a favorable treatment.

Abstract To explore the critical care treatment and clinical outcome of patients with severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SaSAH), and to provide clinical evidence for the treatment of patients with SaSAH. 160 patients with SaSAH of Hunt and Hess (H&H) grade III or above in the neurosurgical critical care unit at ourospital between June 2016 and June 2018 were enrolled in this study. Patients were treated with brain protective bundle based on step-wised protocol under multimodal monitoring and followed up for 3 months. The incidence of various clinical complications and the clinical prognosis after discharge were statistically analyzed. Furthermore, it carried on the correlation analysis to the risk factors and the prognosis. In 160 patients with SaSAH, 127 patients had responsible aneurysms located in the anterior circulation, and the other 33 patients were located in the posterior circulation. 70 patients (43.8%) underwent transcranial clipping, 81 patients (50.6%) underwent endovascular embolization and 9 patients (5.6%) did not intervene. Patients with IV and V grades of Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were considered good recovery, and those with grade I, II and III were poor prognosis. The 30-day good prognosis rate was 41.3% (66/160) and the poor prognosis rate was 58.7% (94/160). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the Hunt & Hess classification correlated well with prognosis (OR: 4.367,95% CI, 2.254-8.460, P < 0.001). The clinical prognosis of patients with SaSAH is still poor. In particular, under the critical care of neurosurgery, the application of brain protective bundle based on step-wised protocol under multimodal monitoring might improve the clinical prognosis of patients with SaSAH.

Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents the most common type of sustained cardiac arrhythmia in humans and confers a significantly increased risk for thromboembolic stroke, congestive heart failure and premature death. Aggregating evidence emphasizes the predominant genetic defects underpinning AF and an increasing number of deleterious variations in more than 50 genes have been involved in the pathogenesis of AF. Nevertheless, the genetic basis underlying AF remains incompletely understood. In the current research, by whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing analysis in a family with autosomal-dominant AF and congenital patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a novel heterozygous variation in the PRRX1 gene encoding a homeobox transcription factor critical for cardiovascular development, NM_022716.4:c.373G>T;p.(Glu125*), was identified to be in co-segregation with AF and PDA in the whole family. The truncating variation was not detected in 306 unrelated healthy individuals employed as controls. Quantitative biological measurements with a reporter gene analysis system revealed that the Glu125*-mutant PRRX1 protein failed to transactivate its downstream target genes SHOX2 and ISL1, two genes that have been causally linked to AF. Conclusively, the present study firstly links PRRX1 loss-of-function variation to AF and PDA, suggesting that AF and PDA share a common abnormal developmental basis in a proportion of cases.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical effect of preoperative health education based on the WeChat platform for parents of children with simple congenital heart disease. Methods: In this study, participants were randomly divided into an intervention group (WeChat group, n=40) and a control group (leaflet group, n=40) in our center. All parents were required to complete the Family Caregiver Task Inventory (FCTI) on the first visit and the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and FCTI before the operation. Clinical, family and relevant data from children and parents were collected and subsequently analyzed. Results: Before the operation, the FCTI score and the ZBI score in the WeChat group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P=0.010, P=0.027, respectively). Compared to the FCTI score on the first visit, the preoperative status score was significantly lower in the WeChat group (P=0.008). The rate of loss to follow-up and complications in the WeChat group was also significantly lower than in the control group (P=0.003). Conclusion: Preoperative health education assisted by the WeChat platform for parents of children with simple congenital heart disease can effectively improve the parents' care ability and reduce the burden of care, preoperative complications and the rate of loss to follow-up.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of WeChat-based telehealth services on the postoperative follow-up of children who underwent congenital heart surgery during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical and family data of 108 children who underwent congenital heart surgery and underwent remote follow-up via the WeChat platform from December 2019 to March 2020 in our hospital. Results: During the follow-up period, the WeChat platform was used to refer 8 children with respiratory infection symptoms to local hospitals for treatment. Two children with poor incision healing were healed after we used the WeChat platform to guide the parents in dressing the wounds on a regular basis at home. Nutritional guidance was given via the WeChat platform to 13 patients with poor growth and development. The psychological evaluation results of the parents showed that the median (range) SDS score was 43 (34-59), and 7 parents (6.5%) were classified as depressed; the median (range) SAS score was 41 (32-58), and 12 parents (11.1%) were classified as having mild anxiety. Conclusion: The use of WeChat-based telehealth services was effective for the remote postoperative follow-up of children who underwent congenital cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 epidemic. Providing WeChat-based telehealth services can reduce the amount of travel required for these children and their families, which is helpful for controlling and preventing the spread of COVID-19.

OBJECTIVES: Extracellular vesicle microRNAs (EV-miRNAs) have been demonstrated to be reliable candidate biomarkers for clinical applications. However, the clinical application potential of serum EV-miR-215-5p for gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood. The goal of our study was to determine the efficacy of serum EV-miR-215-5p in predicting the prognosis of GC. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 118 patients with GC, 60 patients with benign gastric disease and BGD and 70 healthy controls. The relative levels of serum EV-miR-215-5p were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: Compared to patients with BGD and normal controls, GC patients exhibited remarkably higher serum EV-miR-215-5p level, especially those with early tumor recurrence (ETR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that serum EV-miR-215-5p was able to distinguish GC patients from BGD patients or healthy controls and GC patients with ETR from those without ETR. In addition, increased serum EV-miR-215-5p levels were notably correlated with invasive depth, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, serum EV-miR-215-5p levels were greatly decreased after surgical treatment, but increased at the time of ETR. Survival analysis showed that patients with higher serum EV-miR-215-5p had shorter survival. Furthermore, serum EV-miR-215-5p was an independent risk factor for GC. CONCLUSIONS: Serum EV-miR-215-5p might be a novel biomarker for predicting ETR and prognosis of GC.

RESUMEN En este estudio se establece el modelo de predicción de la productividad zonal en los pozos horizontales fracturados en reservorios compactos con base en un modelo físico de pozos horizontales fracturados para estudiar el regimen de filtración en reservorios compactos no convencionales. Los autores utilizaron la transformación conforme y el método de reiteración para resolver el problema. Se estudió la optimización de los parámetros de producción en pozos horizontales fracturados en comparación con los métodos de Fan Zifei y de Ning Zhengfu. Además, se analizaron los efectos de la presión inicial de la inclinación y el complejo de fracturas en la productividad de los pozos horizontales con el índice de fracturamiento. El análisis de regresión multivariante se utilizó para clasificar la importancia de los factores influenciadores. Los resultados muestran que la presión inicial de la inclinación tiene el mayor impacto en la capacidad. El ejemplo de aplicación de pozos horizontales fracturados en el reservorio compacto de Lucaogou muestra que el modelo de productividad zonal que se estableció en este estudio puede usarse para predecir la productividad inicial en estos pozos. De este modo, a través del análisis teórico y la simulación numérica, el modelo de predicción de productividad de pozos horizontales fracturados tiene una significancia para el desarrollo efectivo de reservorios compactos.

ABSTRACT The zonal productivity prediction model of volume fractured horizontal wells in tight reservoirs is established in this study based on the physical model of volume fractured horizontal wells to study the near-well seepage law of volume fractured horizontal wells in unconventional tight reservoirs. The conformal transformation and iteration method are used to solve the problem. Compared with Fan Zifei's and Ning Zhengfu's method, the optimization of fractured horizontal wells' production parameters is studied. The effects of starting pressure gradient and fracture cluster number on horizontal wells' productivity with volume fracturing are analyzed. Multivariate regression analysis is used to rank the importance of influencing factors. The results show that the starting pressure gradient has the most significant impact on capacity. The application example of volume fractured horizontal wells in Lucaogou tight reservoir shows that the zonal productivity model established in this study can be used to predict the initial productivity of volume fractured horizontal wells. Thus, through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the productivity prediction model of horizontal wells with volume fracturing has certain guiding significance for the effective development of tight reservoirs.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sufentanil can reduce emergence delirium in children undergoing transthoracic device closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) after sevoflurane-based cardiac anesthesia. Methods: From February 2019 to May 2019, 68 children who underwent transthoracic device closure of VSD at our center were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into two groups: 36 patients in group S, who were given sufentanil and sevoflurane-based cardiac anesthesia, and 32 patients in group F, who were given fentanyl and sevoflurane-based cardiac anesthesia. The following clinical data were recorded: age, sex, body weight, operation time, and bispectral index (BIS). After the children were sent to the intensive care unit (ICU), pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) and face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) scale scores were also assessed. The incidence of adverse reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, drowsiness and dizziness, was recorded. Results: There was no significant difference in age, sex, body weight, operation time or BIS value between the two groups. Extubation time (min), PEAD score and FLACC scale score in group S were significantly better than those in group F (P<0.05). No serious anesthesia or drug-related side effects occurred. Conclusions: Sufentanil can be safely used in sevoflurane-based fast-track cardiac anesthesia for transthoracic device closure of VSD in children. Compared to fentanyl, sufentanil is more effective in reducing postoperative emergence delirium, with lower analgesia scores and greater comfort.

Abstract With consideration of pre-axial pressure and two-parameter elastic foundation (Pasternak), a new method was put forward for analysis of transverse free vibration of a finite-length Euler-Bernoulli beam resting on a variable Pasternak elastic foundation. Matrices and determinants corresponding to arbitrary boundary conditions were provided for engineers and researchers according to their own demand. In derivation process of new proposed method, Schwarz distribution was adopted for simplifying the partial derivative of Dirac function and compound trapezoidal integral formula was adopted for discretizing the shape function of beam. For the symmetrical boundary conditions, it was concluded that natural frequency of transverse free vibration obtained by FEM highly agreed with the new proposed method. In contrary, for the asymmetrical cases, the calculation results were different from each other. For solving the ordinary differential equation with nonlinear partial derivative terms of shape function, the key point of new proposed method was to establish stiffness equation set composed of obtained matrices, rather than a single equation on the basis of classical theory. This point should be treated as a great advantage. New proposed method can be generalized to solve more complicated problems, which were illustrated in conclusion and prospect.

Abstract Biofertilizer Ning shield was composed of different strains of plant growth promotion bacteria. In this study, the plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease control potential on Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field were evaluated. The application of Ning shield significantly reduced the diseases severity caused by Meloidogyne incognita, the biocontrol efficacy could reached up to 51.08%. Ning shield could also promote the growth of T. kirilowii in the field by increasing seedling emergence, height and the root weight. The results showed that the Ning shield could enhance the production yield up to 36.26%. Ning shield could also promote the plant growth by increasing the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, and increasing the contents of leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment. Moreover, Ning shield could efficiently enhance the medicinal compositions of Trichosanthes, referring to the polysaccharides and trichosanthin. Therefore, Ning shield is a promising biofertilizer, which can offer beneficial effects to T. kirilowii growers, including the plant growth promotion, the biological control of root-knot disease and enhancement of the yield and the medicinal quality.

Abstract This paper provides a simplified life cycle based assessment for a local branded pure milk product, to measure its related carbon footprint, including production of raw milk, dairy processing, transportation of milk product and disposal of packaging waste. The results show that the total carbon footprint of the pure milk is 1120g CO2/L. The production of raw milk is identified as the major contributor to the carbon footprint. This contribution has amounted to 843 g of CO2 per liter of pure milk, accounted for 75.27% of the total carbon footprint. The carbon footprint of product transportation is 38 g of CO2 per liter, which accounts for 3.39% of the total. The carbon footprint related to the dairy processing and disposal of waste packaging is 173 g of CO2 per liter and 66 g of CO2 per liter, accounting for 15.45% and 5.89% of the total, respectively. The carbon footprint assessment intends to help dairy enterprises identify the intensive sectors of carbon emissions, and provides insight into improvement of product environmental performances.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bipolar transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate (B-TUERP) versus bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (B-TURP) in the treatment of prostates larger than 60g. Material and Methods: Clinical data for 270 BPH patients who underwent B-TUERP and 204 patients who underwent B-TURP for BPH from May 2007 to May 2013 at our center were retrospectively analyzed. Outcome measures included operative time, decreased hemoglobin level, total prostate specific antigen (TPSA), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax), quality of life (QoL) score, post void residual urine volume (RUV), bladder irrigation duration, hospital stay, and the weight of resected prostatic tissue. Other measures included perioperative complications including transurethral resection syndrome (TURS), hyponatremia, blood transfusion, bleeding requiring surgery, postoperative acute urinary retention, urine incontinence and urinary sepsis. Patients in both groups were followed for two years. Results: Compared with the B-TURP group, the B-TUERP group had shorter operative time, postoperative bladder irrigation duration and hospital stay, a greater amount of resected prostatic tissue, less postoperative hemoglobin decrease, better postoperative IPSS and Qmax, as well as lower incidences of hyponatremia, urinary sepsis, blood transfusion requirement, urine incontinence and reoperation (P<0.05 for all). Conclusions: B-TUERP is superior to B-TURP in the management of large volume BPH in terms of efficacy and safety, but this finding needs to be validated in further prospective, randomized, controlled studies.