Resumo Um macho de Pteronura brasiliensis (Carnivora: Mustelidae) foi encontrado morto às margens do Rio Negro, no Pantanal do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, município de Aquidauana. Dois carrapatos encontrados aderidos à sua pele foram identificados, morfologicamente, como uma ninfa de segundo ínstar de Ornithodoros rostratus (Argasidae) e um macho de Amblyomma sculptum (Ixodidae). Para complementar a identificação morfológica, esses espécimes de carrapatos foram submetidos à extração de DNA e testados por meio de ensaios de PCR, para confirmar a identidade molecular dos espécimes. Além disso, os extraídos dos carrapatos foram testados e revelaram-se negativos nos ensaios de PCR para todos os patógenos testados. Também foram examinados 30 lotes, compostos por 174 indivíduos de O. rostratus, depositados na Coleção Acari do Instituto Butantan, e encontramos material de quatro estados brasileiros, incluindo-se um lote contendo 2 machos e 2 fêmeas de Aquidauana, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), coletado do solo. Este foi, portanto, o primeiro registro de O. rostratus parasitando P. brasiliensis e o primeiro registro de localidade (Aquidauana). Da mesma forma, A. sculptum é comumente encontrado no Pantanal e relatado aqui, pela segunda vez, parasitando a ariranha, hospedeiro pouco estudado em relação a ectoparasitas.

Abstract A male of Pteronura brasiliensis (Carnivora: Mustelidae) was found dead on the banks of the Rio Negro, in the Pantanal wetlands of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Aquidauana municipality. Two ticks found attached to its skin were morphologically identified as a second-instar nymph of Ornithodoros rostratus (Argasidae) and a male of Amblyomma sculptum (Ixodidae). In order to complement the morphological identification, these tick specimens were subjected to DNA extraction, and tested using PCR assays to confirm the molecular identity the specimens. Also, the tick DNA samples were tested and were negative in the PCR assays for all the pathogens tested. We also examined 30 batches, consisting of 174 individuals of O. rostratus deposited in the Acari Collection of the Butantan Institute, and we found material from four Brazilian states, including one batch containing 2 males and 2 females from Aquidauana, of Mato Grosso do Sul state, collected from the soil. This was therefore the first record of O. rostratus parasitizing P. brasiliensis and the first locality record (Aquidauana). Likewise, A. sculptum is commonly found in the Pantanal and is reported here for the second time parasitizing the giant otter, which is a host little studied regarding the ectoparasites.

ABSTRACT Objective: To define a reference chart comparing pressure drop vs. flow generated by a set of arterial cannulae currently utilized in cardiopulmonary bypass conditions in pediatric surgery. Methods: Cannulae from two manufacturers were selected considering their design and outer and inner diameters. Cannula performance was evaluated in terms of pressure drop vs. flow during simulated cardiopulmonary bypass conditions. The experimental circuits consisted of a Jostra HL-20 roller pump, a Quadrox-i pediatric oxygenator (Maquet Cardiopulmonary AG, Rastatt, Germany), and a custom pediatric tubing set. The circuit was primed with lactated Ringer’s solution only (first condition) and with human packed red blood cells added (second condition) to achieve a hematocrit of 30%. Cannula sizes 8 to 16 Fr were inserted into the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit with a “Y” connector. The flow was adjusted in 100 ml/min increments within typical flow ranges for each cannula. Pre-cannula and post-cannula pressures were measured to calculate the pressure drop. Results: Utilizing a pressure drop limit of 100 mmHg, our results suggest a recommended flow limit of 500, 900, 1400, 2600, and 3100 mL/min for Braile arterial cannulae sizes 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 Fr, respectively. For Medtronic DLP arterial cannulae sizes 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 Fr, the recommended flow limit is 600, 1100, 1700, 2700, and 3300 mL/min, respectively. Conclusion: This study reinforces discrepancies in pressure drop between cannulae of the same diameter supplied by different manufacturers and the importance of independent translational research to evaluate components’ performance.

Este manuscrito problematiza la intersección entre Atención Básica y la Red de Urgencias y Emergencias en una región de salud en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, con abordaje micropolítico, en tres municipios con la participación de gestores regionales y municipales, usuarios, gerentes y trabajadores de la red de salud. Se buscó mapear las fuerzas que disputan la producción del cuidado y la red de atención. La insuficiencia y la fragmentación de la red; el envolvimiento de los gestores públicos y trabajadores que poco utilizan su capacidad para intervenir en la producción del cuidado e interferir en el arreglo actual; y la acción de mecanismos que articulan intereses privados vinculando el cuidado a las urgencias al saber especializado y al hospital son fuerzas que se mueven hacia la no intersección intencional y productiva en el territorio.

Este manuscrito problematiza a intersecção entre Atenção Básica e a Rede de Urgência e Emergência em uma região de saúde no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem micropolítica em três municípios com a participação de gestores regionais e municipais, usuários, gerentes e trabalhadores da rede de saúde. Buscou-se mapear as forças que disputam a produção do cuidado e a rede de atenção. A insuficiência e a fragmentação da rede; o envolvimento dos gestores públicos e trabalhadores, que pouco utilizam sua capacidade para intervir na produção do cuidado e interferir no arranjo atual; e a ação de mecanismos que articulam interesses privados ligando o cuidado em urgências ao saber especializado e ao hospital são forças que se movimentam em direção à não intersecção intencional e produtiva no território.

This manuscript problematizes the intersection of primary care and the urgent and emergency care network in a health region in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Taking a micropolitical approach, we conducted a qualitative study in three municipalities with the participation of regional and municipal health managers, patients, local managers and workers from the health care network. We sought to map the forces that dispute health care delivery and the care network. Network insufficiency and fragmentation, the involvement of public managers and workers, who underuse their capacity to intervene in care delivery and influence current arrangements, and the action of mechanisms that articulate private interests linking urgent care to specialist knowledge and hospitals are forces that move towards intentional and productive non-intersection in the health region.

Introduction: International consensus guidelines are commonly used to identify patients at high risk of developing cancer or with cancer. Its applicability, however, is based on investigation through imaging tests, however without histological confirmation. Objective: To compare the performance and results of international guidelines in incidental mucinous neoplasia after diagnosis obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle puncture (EUS-PAF). Methods: Single-center study with prospective collection of data from asymptomatic patients with the disease who underwent EUS-PAF. Appropriate cohort selection included images that were ambiguous regarding this diagnosis or the presence and/or development of other worrisome features as defined by international guidelines. After microhistological analysis of the material obtained, each of the guideline criteria was applied to identify cancer among patients with the disease. Results: 251 patients had the diagnosis confirmed by EUS-PAF or surgical procedure. The majority were asymptomatic. The final diagnosis revealed 27.8% (n=39) with malignant disease or high-risk signs. After applying the AGA-2015, IAP-2017 and DE-2018 criteria, it was observed that those detected incidentally were referred for surgery unnecessarily. These guidelines did not identify malignant and high-risk disease in 59%, 33.3% and 46.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The European DE-2018 proved to be more accurate for use in patients with asymptomatic incidental mucinous neoplasia after the diagnosis obtained by EUS-PAF.

Introdução: Consensos internacionais, são diretrizes comumente usadas para identificar pacientes com alto risco de desenvolver câncer ou com câncer. Sua aplicabilidade, entretanto, baseia-se na investigação por exames de imagem, contudo sem confirmação histológica. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho e os resultados das diretrizes internacionais em neoplasia mucinosa incidental após diagnóstico obtido pela punção com agulha fina guiada por ultrassom endoscópico (USE-PAF). Métodos: Estudo unicêntrico com coleta prospectiva de dados de pacientes assintomáticos com a doença submetidos a USE-PAF. A seleção apropriada da coorte incluiu imagens ambíguas quanto a esse diagnóstico ou a presença e/ou desenvolvimento de outras características preocupantes, conforme definido pelas diretrizes internacionais. Após análise microhistológica do material obtido, cada um dos critérios das diretrizes foi aplicado para identificar câncer entre os pacientes com a doença. Resultados: 251 pacientes tiveram o diagnóstico confirmado pela USE-PAF ou procedimento cirúrgico. A maioria era assintomática. O diagnóstico final revelou 27,8% (n=39) com doença maligna ou sinais de alto risco.. Após aplicação dos critérios AGA-2015, IAP-2017 e DE-2018, observou-se que os detectados incidentalmente foram encaminhados para cirurgia desnecessariamente. Essas diretrizes não identificaram doença maligna e de alto risco em 59%, 33,3% e 46,1%, respectivamente às diretrizes. Conclusão: A DE-2018 europeia mostrou-se mais precisa para ser utilizada em pacientes com neoplasia mucinosa incidental assintomática após o diagnóstico obtido pela USE-PAF.

Introduction: Pancreatic cystic lesions are common and are not exclusively benign. There are 3 guidelines that help recommend surgery if there is a risk factor, sign of malignancy or follow the patient with imaging tests. Objective: To review and compare the performance of these guidelines in asymptomatic patients with mucinous neoplasms. Method: The literature review was carried out by collecting information published on virtual platforms in Portuguese and English. The material for reading and analysis was selected from the SciELO, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus platforms. Initially, a search was carried out using the keywords “mucinous cystic neoplasm. pancreatic intraductal neoplasms. endoscopic ultrasound. fine needle aspiration” with AND or OR search, considering the title and/or abstract. Afterwards, considering only those that were most related to the topic, the full texts were read. Results: 37 articles were included. Conclusion: The European Guideline-DE-2018 proved to be more accurate for use in patients with asymptomatic mucinous neoplasia after the diagnosis obtained by EUS-PAF.

Introdução: As lesões císticas pancreáticas são comuns e não são exclusivamente benignas. Existem 3 diretrizes que ajudam a indicar cirurgia no caso de haver algum fator de risco, sinal de malignidade ou acompanhar o paciente com exames de imagem. Objetivo: Revisar e comparar o desempenho dessas diretrizes em neoplasias mucinosas identificados de forma incidental. Método: A revisão da literatura foi feita colhendo informações publicadas em plataformas virtuais em português e inglês. O material para leitura e análise foi selecionado das plataformas SciELO, Google Scholar, Pubmed e Scopus. Inicialmente foi realizada busca por descritores “neoplasia cística mucinosa. neoplasias intraductais pancreáticas. ultrassonografia endoscópica. aspiração por agulha fina” com busca AND ou OR, considerando o título e/ou resumo. Após, considerando-se somente os que tinham maior relação ao tema, foi realizada a leitura da íntegra dos textos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 37 artigos. Conclusão: A Diretriz Europeia- DE-2018 mostrou-se mais precisa para ser utilizada em pacientes com neoplasia mucinosa assintomática após o diagnóstico obtido pela USE-PAF.

Resumen: Este artículo expone un análisis sobre la constitucionalidad de las normas fiscales con cantidades nominales monetarias. Primeramente, se referencia el principio constitucional de proporcionalidad tributaria y su relación con la capacidad económico-contributiva de los contribuyentes. Segundamente, aborda el asunto relativo a aquellas cargas tributarias previstas en normas con cantidades nominales monetarias. Terceramente, el texto refiere algunos ejemplos de actualización de cantidades nominales monetarias en ciertas leyes fiscales. Subsecuentemente, este artículo analiza la transgresión que la imposición tributaria desproporcional genera sobre los derechos humanos en materia tributaria, relacionados con la capacidad contributiva frente a aquellas cargas tributarias fijadas en cantidades nominales monetarias. Se sugiere al legislador reformas legales para uso de cantidades indexadas y al contribuyente la demanda de amparo indirecto.

Abstract: The article shows an analysis about the constitutionality of tax norms with monetary nominal amounts. Firstly, it refers to the constitutional principle of tax proportionality and its relation to the taxpayers’ taxable capacity. Secondly, it addresses the issue related to those tax burdens stipulated in norms with monetary nominal amounts. Thirdly, the text refers to some examples of the monetary nominal amounts update in certain tax laws. Subsequently, this article analyzes the transgression generated by the disproportionate tax imposition over human rights in tax matter, related to the taxable capacity before those tax burdens set in monetary nominal amounts. It is suggested to the legislator the amendments for the use indexed amounts and to the taxpayer the indirect amparo suit.

Abstract Introduction. Composting transforms residual organic materials into a product with the potential to restore organic matter and nutrients for agriculture, while reducing the volume and weight of these materials and their disposal in landfills or as pollutants in rivers and aquifers. Objective. To optimize the commercial production of compost, with the improvement of the process conditions and the addition of microbial inoculum. Materials and methods. On an agro-industrial substrate, conditions such as aeration, temperature, pile height and humidity were optimized on the composting process, and the addition of 3 microbial inoculum degrading organic matter was evaluated, in order to compare them with a commercial and an absolute control. Chemical and microbiological analyzes were carried out, as well as innocuity, stability and maturity. In total, 17 chemical, 7 microbiological, 2 safety and 13 maturity variables were evaluated. For the analysis and comparison of the treatments, a multicriteria method was used to summarize the result of the 39 variables studied in a single representative value. Results. Two confidence intervals were established, the first (a) includes the commercial and the absolute control, with the lowest quality scores. The second (b) encompasses the microbiological treatments Degradabiol, Bacilos and Agrecicla, with the highest weighted values, and the best quality characteristics. Conclusion. The addition of inoculum, as well as humidity and temperature management, frequent turning, and row height, allowed to obtain better quality characteristics, compared to conventionally produced compost. Poor C/N ratio of initial raw materials was a factor that could not be corrected due to the type of waste usually processed. Viable measures need to be implemented in order to improve this relationship, which is generally deficient in commercial compost productions.

Resumen Introducción.El compostaje transforma materiales orgánicos residuales en un producto con potencial para restituir materia orgánica y nutrientes para la agricultura, mientras se reduce el volumen y peso de estos materiales y su disposición en rellenos sanitarios o como contaminantes de ríos y mantos acuíferos. Objetivo. Optimizar la producción comercial de compost, con la mejora de las condiciones del proceso y la adición de inóculos microbianos. Materiales y métodos. Sobre un sustrato agroindustrial se optimizaron condiciones del proceso de compostaje, tales como aeración, temperatura, altura de la pila y humedad, y se evaluó la adición de 3 inóculos microbianos degradadores de materia orgánica, para compararlos con un testigo comercial y un testigo absoluto. Se realizaron análisis químicos y microbiológicos, así como de inocuidad, estabilidad y madurez. En total se evaluaron 17 variables químicas, 7 microbiológicas, 2 de inocuidad y 13 de madurez. Para el análisis y comparación de los tratamientos se empleó un método multicriterio y de esa forma resumir el resultado de las 39 variables estudiadas en un solo valor representativo. Resultados. Se establecieron 2 intervalos de confianza, el primero (a) incluye al testigo comercial y al testigo absoluto, con las menores calificaciones de calidad. El segundo (b) abarca a los tratamientos microbiológicos Degradabiol, Bacilos y Agrecicla, con los mayores índices ponderados y las mejores características de calidad. Conclusión. La adición de inóculos, así como el manejo de la humedad, temperatura, volteos frecuentes y altura de hileras, permitió obtener mejores características de calidad, en comparación con el compost producido convencionalmente. La relación C/N deficiente de las materias primas iniciales fue un factor que no pudo ser corregido debido al tipo de residuos usualmente procesados. Es necesario implementar medidas viables para mejorar esta relación, que generalmente es deficiente en las producciones comerciales de compost.

ABSTRACT As transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for aortic stenosis (AS) became widespread, the need for a Heart Team (HT) arose to choose the best treatment. There are few reports regarding its usefulness. Objectives: To analyze treatment outcomes in patients with AS evaluated by a HT for 10 years. Methods: Consecutive enrollment of all patients with AS who were candidates for TAVI between January 2012 and July 2021 to choose the best treatment, including surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and conservative medical management (CMM). Results: Out of 841 patients, 455 were assigned to TAVI (53%), 213 to SAVR (24%), and 183 to CMM (23%). The percentage assigned to TAVI has increased from 48% to 62% over time (p <0.05). Patients who underwent TAVI versus those who underwent SAVR were older (86 ± 7 vs. 83 ± 7 years), had a higher EUROSCORE II (6.2, 95% CI 5.7-6.6 vs. 5.6; 95% CI 4.4-6.5) and were frailer (1.62 ± 1 vs. 0.91 ± 1), in all cases p <0.01. Actuarial survival (95% CI) at 1 and 2 years was 88% (84-91%) and 82% (77-86%) for TAVI, 83% (76-88%) and 78% (70-84%) for SAVR, and 70% (60-87%) and 59% (48-68%) for CMM, respectively (p <0.001). Conclusions: For the first 10 years after a Heart Team was established for AS decision-making, approximately half of the patients were assigned to TAVI, and the rest were equally assigned in halves to either surgery or observation. Survival for patients who received interventions was similar at 2 years and higher than in those who did not.

RESUMEN La difusión del reemplazo valvular aórtico percutáneo (TAVI) en la estenosis aórtica (EAo) generó la creación de un Heart Team (HT), para elegir el mejor tratamiento. Existen pocos reportes sobre su utilidad. Objetivos: analizar los resultados del tratamiento de los pacientes con EAo evaluados por un HT durante 10 años Material y métodos: Inclusión consecutiva de todos los pacientes con EAo candidatos a TAVI entre enero del 2012 y julio del 2021 para seleccionar el mejor tratamiento, incluyendo además Cirugía de reemplazo valvular aórtico (CRVA) y Tratamiento médico conservador (TMC). Resultados: De 841 pacientes, se asignaron a TAVI 455 (53%), CRVA 213 (24%) y TMC 183 (23%). El porcentaje asignado a TAVI aumentó con el tiempo de 48 a 62% (p < 0,05). Los pacientes que fueron a TAVI, con respecto a los enviados a CRVA, eran mayores (86 ± 7 vs 83 ± 7 años), con mayor EUROSCORE II (6,2, IC95% 5,7-6,6 vs 5,6, IC95% 4,4-6,5) y más frágiles (1,62 ± 1 vs 0,91 ± 1), en todos los casos p <0,01. La sobrevida actuarial (IC 95%) a 1 y a 2 años fue, para TAVI 88% (84-91%) y 82% (77-86%), para CRVA 83% (76-88%) y 78% (70-84%) y para TMC 70% (60-87%) y 59% (48-68%) respectivamente (p <0,001). Conclusiones: Durante los primeros 10 años de establecido un Heart Team para la toma de decisiones en EAo, se asignaron a TAVI aproximadamente la mitad y el resto se asignó por mitades a cirugía u observación. La sobrevida de los pacientes intervenidos fue similar a 2 años y mayor que la de los no intervenidos.

Abstract Objectives: To review and provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of otosclerosis. Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on otosclerosis were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians’ guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association’s guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. Results: The topics were divided into 2 parts: 1) Diagnosis – audiologic and radiologic; 2) Treatment – hearing AIDS, pharmacological therapy, stapes surgery, and implantable devices - bone-anchored devices, active middle ear implants, and Cochlear Implants (CI). Conclusions: The pathophysiology of otosclerosis has not yet been fully elucidated, but environmental factors and unidentified genes are likely to play a significant role in it. Women with otosclerosis are not at increased risk of worsening clinical condition due to the use of contraceptives or during pregnancy. Drug treatment has shown little benefit. If the patient does not want to undergo stapedotomy, the use of hearing aids is well indicated. Implantable systems should be indicated only in rare cases, and the CI should be indicated in cases of profound deafness.

ABSTRACT Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a potentially severe disease that can present with refractoriness, recurrence, and evolution to death. In Brazil, the epidemiology of CDI seems to differ from that of the United States and most European countries, with only one ribotype (RT) 027-related case and a high prevalence of RT106. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of CDI and its possible association with ribotypes at a university hospital in Brazil. Methods: A total of 65 patients with CDI were included and stool samples were submitted to A/B toxin detection and toxigenic culture, and toxigenic isolates (n=44) were also PCR ribotyped. Results: Patients’ median age was 59 (20-87) years and there were 16 (24.6%) deaths. The median Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was 4 (0-15) and 16.9% of the patients had CCI ≥8. The ATLAS score and non-improvement of diarrhea were related to higher mortality. A longer length of hospitalization was related to the enteral nutrition and use of multiple antibiotics. The period between CDI diagnosis and hospital discharge was longer in those who received new antibiotics after diagnosis, multiple antibiotics, and required intensive care treatment. Recurrence was associated with CCI >7. Twenty ribotypes were identified and RT106 was the most frequently detected strain (43.2%). No relationship was observed between the ribotypes and outcomes. CDI was present in patients with more comorbidities. Conclusion: Risk factors for higher mortality, longer hospital stay and recurrence were identified. A diversity of ribotypes was observed and C. difficile strains were not related to the outcomes.

RESUMO Contexto: A infecção pelo Clostridioides difficile (ICD) é uma doença potencialmente grave que pode se apresentar com refratariedade, recidiva e evoluir para óbito. No Brasil, a epidemiologia da ICD parece diferir da dos Estados Unidos e da maioria dos países europeus, com apenas um caso relacionado ao ribotipo (RT) 027 e alta prevalência do RT106. Objetivo: Avaliar os desfechos da ICD e sua possível associação com ribotipos em um hospital universitário do Brasil. Métodos: Um total de 65 pacientes com ICD foram incluídos e amostras de fezes foram submetidas à detecção de toxina A/B e cultura toxigênica e as cepas toxigênicas isoladas (n=44) também foram ribotipadas por PCR. Resultados: A idade mediana dos pacientes foi de 59 (20-87) anos e houve 16 (24,6%) óbitos. A mediana do índice de comorbidade de Charlson (ICC) foi de 4 (0-15) e 16,9% dos pacientes apresentaram ICC ≥8. O escore ATLAS e a não melhora da diarreia foram relacionados a maior mortalidade. Maior tempo de internação esteve relacionado à nutrição enteral e ao uso de múltiplos antibióticos. O período entre o diagnóstico de ICD e a alta hospitalar foi maior naqueles que receberam novos antibióticos após o diagnóstico, múltiplos antibióticos e necessitaram de tratamento intensivo. A recorrência foi associada com ICC >7. Vinte ribotipos foram identificados e o RT106 foi a cepa mais frequentemente detectada (43,2%). Não foi observada relação entre os ribotipos e os desfechos. ICD esteve presente em pacientes com mais comorbidades. Conclusão: Foram identificados fatores de risco para maior mortalidade, maior tempo de internação e recorrência. Uma diversidade de ribotipos foi observada e cepas de C. difficile não foram relacionadas aos desfechos.

ABSTRACT The school trajectory is the key element of tutoring to provide follow-up to students who enter, remain in, and graduate from a bachelor’s educational program. A Theoretical School Trajectory (TST) can be understood from the curricular map of a higher educational program, and a Real School Trajectory (RST) can be understood according to the differences experienced by students to comply with the official curricular map. Thus, in this document, the objective was to identify a mixed model of school trajectory (theoretical and real) to favor the monitoring of the trajectory of the students in a degree program in education in Baja California, Mexico. In the method, some characteristics of grounded theory and the socio-critical paradigm were considered with a qualitative approach. In addition, three phases were established: (1) TST, (2) RTS, and (3) deepening of the TST and the RTS. In each phase, 21, 84, and 27 students participated, respectively, by answering semi-structured interviews. The information was analyzed by means of the frequencies of the units of analysis and by deductive content analysis. The results highlight four graduation requirements that can be affected by a series of experiences and challenges that make it difficult to complete the degree in the normative time frame. In this sense, the School Trajectory Model (STM) can provide dual monitoring (theoretical and real) to the tutors to warn them of possible obstacles in the path of the students that can cause lag and, consequently, their late graduation from the degree.

RESUMEN La trayectoria escolar es el elemento clave de la tutoría para brindar seguimiento a los alumnos que ingresan, permanecen y egresan de un programa educativo de licenciatura. Se puede entender una Trayectoria Escolar Teórica (TET) a partir del mapa curricular de un programa educativo de educación superior, y a una Trayectoria Escolar Real (TER) conforme a las diferencias que experimentan los alumnos para cumplir con el mapa curricular oficial. Así, en este documento se tuvo el objetivo de identificar un modelo mixto de trayectoria escolar (teórico y real) para favorecer el seguimiento del recorrido de los alumnos en una licenciatura en educación de Baja California, México. En el método se consideraron algunas características de la teoría fundamentada y del paradigma socio-crítico con una aproximación cualitativa. Además, se establecieron tres fases: (1) TET, (2) TER y profundización de la TET y la TER. En cada fase participaron 21, 84 y 27 alumnos respectivamente al responder entrevistas semi-estructuradas. La información se analizó por medio de las frecuencias de las unidades de análisis y por el análisis de contenido deductivo. En los resultados se destacan cuatro requisitos de egreso que pueden ser afectados por una serie de experiencias y retos que dificultan concluir en el tiempo normativo la licenciatura. En este tenor, el Modelo de Trayectoria Escolar (MTE) puede brindar un seguimiento dual (teórico y real) a los tutores para advertir posibles obstáculos en el recorrido de los estudiantes que puedan propiciar el rezago y, por consecuencia, su egreso tardío de la licenciatura.

Resumen Introducción: el Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) evalúa la carga que implica el autocuidado de personas con enfermedades crónicas y el impacto que la asistencia sanitaria genera en su calidad de vida. Objetivos: adaptar y validar psicométricamente la versión en español del cuestionario TBQ-esclerosis múltiple al contexto de la diabetes mellitus (DM) en pacientes atendidos en el sector público de Argentina. Materiales y métodos: estudio analítico de adaptación transcultural y validación psicométrica de un cuestionario. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC). La validez de criterio concurrente se evaluó a través de la correlación Pearson con tres escalas (OMS-5, PHQ-9 y test de Morisky-Green). La fiabilidad se analizó a través del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, de la fiabilidad compuesta y la varianza media extractada. Resultados: participaron 256 personas. La versión adaptada fue adecuadamente comprendida por la población destinataria. El AFE (n=100) permitió hipotetizar cuatro dominios: 1) tratamiento farmacológico; 2) asistencia sanitaria/sistema de salud; 3) mantenimiento de un estilo de vida y su repercusión económica; 4) esfera psicosocial. En el AFC (n=156) las cargas factoriales del 87,5% (14/16) de los ítems fueron mayores a 0,5 con significancia estadística. Se documentó correlación inversa (-0,46; p=0,0002) con el puntaje OMS-5 y directa (0,36; p=0,0046) con PHQ-9. Los pacientes categorizados como “no adherentes” mediante la escala de Morisky-Green-Levine arrojaron un resultado de TBQ-DM de 16,99 (IC 95%: 0,95 a 33,03) puntos más que los pacientes categorizados como “adherentes” (p=0,0383). La consistencia interna del cuestionario fue muy buena (alfa de Cronbach: 0,87), su fiabilidad compuesta fue aceptable y su validez divergente, baja. Conclusiones: el TBQ en español adaptado a DM2 tiene aceptables propiedades psicométricas. Su implementación podría ofrecer cuidados basados en la persona.

Abstract Introduction: the Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) assess the load that implies the self-care for people with chronic diseases and the impact that medical assistance produce in their quality of life. Objectives: to adapt and psychometrically validate the spanish version of the TBQ-multiple sclerosis questionnaire to the diabetes mellitus (DM) context in patients treated in the Argentinian public health sector. Materials and methods: analytic study of transcultural adaptation and psychometric validation of a questionnaire. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed. Concurrent criterion validity was evaluated through Pearson correlation with three scales (WHO-5, PHQ-9, Morisky-Green Test). Reliability was evaluated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, composite reliability, and average variance extracted. Results: 256 people participated. The adapted version was adequately understood by the target population. EFA (n=100) allowed for the hypothesis of four domains: 1) pharmacological treatment; 2) healthcare/health system; 3) maintenance of a lifestyle and its economic impact; 4) psychosocial sphere. In the CFA (n=156), the factor loadings of 87.5% (14/16) of the items were greater than 0.5 with statistical significance. An inverse correlation (-0.46; p=0.0002) with the WHO-5 index and a direct correlation (0.36; p=0.0046) with the PHQ-9 scale were documented. Patients categorized as “non-adherent” by the Morisky-Green-Levine scale had a TBQ-DM score of 16.99 (95% CI: 0.95 to 33.03) points higher than patients categorized as “adherent” (p=0.0383). The internal consistency of the questionnaire was very good (Cronbach's alpha: 0.87), its composite reliability was acceptable, and its divergent validity was low. Conclusions: the spanish TBQ adapted to DM2 has acceptable pyshcometric properties. Its implementation can help offer a person-centered care.

Abstract Objective The present study compares the analgesic efficacy of two techniques to perform non-surgical reduction: fracture hematoma block and radial nerve supracondylar block. Methods Forty patients with fractures of the distal third of the radius, who required reduction, were selected in a quasi-randomized clinical trial to receive one of the anesthetic techniques. All patients signed the informed consent form, except for those who did not wish to participate in the study, had neurological injury, had contraindication to the procedure in the emergency room, or with contraindication to the use of lidocaine. To measure analgesia, the numerical pain rate scale was used at four different moments: preblock, postblock, during reduction, and after reduction; then three differences were calculated: the first between before and after blocking; the second between during reduction and after blockade; and the third between before blocking and after reduction. Results The fracture hematoma and supracondylar block groups showed the following mean values, respectively: 3.90 (1–10) and 3.50 (-6–10) in difference 1; 4.35 (-5–10) and 5.00 (-3–10) in difference 2; and 4.65 (1–10) and 3.80 (-3–10) in difference 3. Conclusion Both techniques proved to be efficient for analgesia, with mild superiority of hematoma block, but without statistical significance.

Resumo Objetivo O estudo compara a eficácia analgésica de duas técnicas para realizar redução incruenta: o bloqueio de hematoma da fratura e o bloqueio supracondilar de nervo radial. Métodos Quarenta pacientes com fraturas do terço distal do rádio, que necessitassem redução, foram selecionados em um ensaio clínico quasi-randomizado, para receber uma das técnicas anestésicas. Todos os pacientes assinaram o termo de consentimento ou assentimento, com exceção daqueles que não desejassem participar do estudo, tivessem lesão neurológica, com contraindicação ao procedimento na sala de emergências, ou com contraindicação ao uso da lidocaína. Para aferir a analgesia foi utilizada a escala numérica da dor em quatro momentos distintos: pré-bloqueio, pós-bloqueio, durante a redução e após a redução; em seguida, foram calculadas três diferenças: a primeira entre antes e após o bloqueio; a segunda entre durante a redução e após o bloqueio; e a terceira entre antes do bloqueio e após a redução. Resultados Os grupos do bloqueio de hematoma de fratura e bloqueio supracondilar apresentaram respectivamente os seguintes valores médios: 3.90 (1–10) e 3.50 (-6–10) na diferença 1; 4.35 (-5–10) e 5.00 (-3–10) na diferença 2; e 4.65 (1–10) e 3.80 (-3–10) na diferença 3. Conclusão As duas técnicas se provaram eficientes para analgesia, com discreta superioridade do bloqueio de hematoma, mas sem significância estatística.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to be a probable aggravator of psychological responses such as anxiety and depression. This study aimed to assess the correlation between symptoms of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and the existence of symptoms associated with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) in a Brazilian university population. METHODS: This epidemiological, cross-sectional clinical study evaluated its variables of interest using the COVID-19 Fear Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and HADS-D), Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Dysfunction (DC/TMD) and Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC) questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 373 participants (females = 273) with a mean age of 23.8±5.45 years were included in this study. In addition, 78.2% of participants with anxiety symptoms and 54.5% of participants with depression symptoms reported a high level of TMD-related parafunction (p<0.01). The presence of anxiety symptoms increased the odds of developing intense fear of COVID-19 by 14.9 times (p<0.001) and the odds of developing moderate fear of COVID-19 by 3.5 times (p<0.001). The presence of an intense fear of COVID-19 increased the chances of developing anxiety symptoms by 17.15 times (p<0.001), while the presence of a moderate fear increased these chances by 3.12 times (p<0.001). In addition, the presence of intense (p=0.01) or moderate (p=0.018) COVID-19 fears increased the odds of developing TMD-related pain symptoms by 2.47 and 1.84 times, respectively, in this population. CONCLUSION: The presence of painful TMD symptoms was possibly influenced by fear of COVID-19. This, in turn, was related to the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms reported by the target population of this study.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A pandemia de COVID-19 mostrou-se um provável agravante de respostas psicológicas como ansiedade e depressão. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a correlação entre sintomas de ansiedade e depressão durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19 e a existência de sintomas associados à disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) em uma população universitária brasileira. MÉTODOS: Este estudo clínico epidemiológico e transversal avaliou as suas variáveis de interesse por meio dos questionários Escala de Medo do COVID-19, Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS-A e HADS-D), Critérios Diagnósticos para Disfunção Temporomandibular (DC/DTM) e Checklist de Comportamentos Orais (OBC). RESULTADOS: Ao todo, 373 participantes (sexo feminino = 273), com média de idade de 23,8±5,45 anos foram incluídos neste estudo. Ademais, 78,2% dos participantes com sintomas de ansiedade e 54,5% dos participantes com sintomas de depressão reportaram alto nível de parafunção relacionada à DTM (p<0,01). A presença de sintomas de ansiedade aumentou em 14,9 vezes as chances de desenvolvimento de um quadro de medo intenso do COVID-19 (p<0,001) e de um quadro de 3,5 vezes nas chances de desenvolvimento de medo moderado do COVID-19 (p<0,001). A presença de um medo intenso do COVID-19 aumentou em 17,15 vezes as chances de desenvolvimento de sintomas de ansiedade (p<0,001), enquanto a presença de um medo moderado aumentou essas chances em 3,12 vezes (p<0,001). Ademais, a presença de medos intensos (p=0,01) ou moderados (p=0,018) do COVID-19 aumentou 2,47 e 1,84 vezes, respectivamente, as chances de desenvolvimento de sintomatologias dolorosas relacionadas à DTM nessa população. CONCLUSÃO: A presença dos sintomas dolorosos da DTM foi possivelmente influenciada pelo medo do COVID-19. Isso, por sua vez, esteve relacionado à presença de sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão, reportados pela população-alvo deste estudo.

Resumen La gestión eficiente de conflictos entre los usos y actividades en el medio marino-costero es fundamental para el éxito de la Planificación Espacial Marina (PEM). Nuestro objetivo fue el de realizar un geo-análisis de usos y actividades presentes en la jurisdicción de las Capitanías de Puerto de Tumaco y Guapi en Colombia para identificar los posibles conflictos presentes. Utilizamos información geográfica de usos y actividades del medio marino-costero disponible en geo-portales nacionales, se consultó a 23 expertos interinstitucionales para realizar la ponderación de las matrices de conflictos, se realizó un análisis de las interacciones entre los usos y actividades apoyados de análisis espacial, se identificaron los principales conflictos en función de criterios específicos y se realizó la cartografía para la ubicación de los conflictos. Se generó una base de datos con 39 capas geográficas, se encontró la mayor densidad de usos y actividades en aguas interiores, la fauna marina obtuvo el 11,81 % del total de interacciones, se identificaron 73 conflictos potenciales, donde el 23.29% correspondió a un Índice de Conflicto alto y el 57.53 % de los conflictos ocurrieron entre usuario-ambiente. Con estos resultados aportamos a la gestión de los litorales colombianos dentro del contexto de la PEM.

Abstract The efficient management of conflicts between uses and activities in the marine-coastal environment is fundamental for the success of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP). Our aim was to conduct a geo-analysis of uses and activities present in the jurisdiction of the harbor master of Tumaco and Guapi in Colombia to identify potential conflicts. We used geographic information on uses and activities of the marine-coastal environment available in national geo-portals, 23 interinstitutional experts were consulted to carry out the weighting of the conflict matrices, an analysis of the interactions between the uses and activities supported by spatial analysis was carried out, the main conflicts were identified according to specific criteria and the cartography for the location of the conflicts was carried out. A database with 39 geographic layers was generated, the highest density of uses and activities was found in inland waters, marine fauna obtained 11.81 % of the total interactions, 73 potential conflicts were identified, where 23.29 % corresponded to a high Conflict Index and 57.53 % of the conflicts occurred between user-environment. With these results, we contribute to the management of Colombian marine-coastal within the context of the MSP.