Resumen La producción comercial de semillas germinadas de palma africana (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) tarda 150 días, dando lugar al desarrollo de infecciones causadas por patógenos. Con el objetivo de disminuir el tiempo de producción de semillas germinadas de palma aceitera africana y preservar su estado fitosanitario, se evaluaron cuatro factores: i) tres niveles de imbibición antes de ingresar a calentamiento, ii) dos periodos de calentamiento, iii) dos niveles de imbibición antes de ingresar a cuartos de germinación y iv) dos inductores: ácido salicílico (AS) y ácido β aminobutírico (BABA) en dosis de 1 mM y 2,5 mM, respectivamente; como resultado se obtuvo un total de 24 tratamientos más un testigo. Se evaluaron 30 semillas por tratamiento y por repetición procedentes de un mismo racimo tipo Dura, con cero días de almacenamiento. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial +1, asistido por la prueba de Tukey al 5%. Los resultados mostraron que las semillas que estuvieron durante la primera imbibición 6 días en agua y 2 días en BABA o en AS, más 20 días de calentamiento, presentaron en 82 días el mayor porcentaje de germinación óptima (34,44% y 23,89%, respectivamente), y el tratamiento que estuvo durante la primera imbibición 6 días en agua y 2 días en BABA, más 20 días de calentamiento, logró el mayor porcentaje de germinación óptima (40%). El testigo presentó mayor incidencia de enfermedades (79%) con respecto a los factores (16%). Los hallazgos del estudio podrían usarse para disminuir el tiempo de germinación de semillas y los daños provocados por patógenos.

Abstract The commercial production of germinated of African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) seeds, it takes 150 days, giving place to the development of infections caused by pathogens. With the aim of reducing the production time of germinated seeds of African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and preserve their phytosanitary status, four factors were evaluated: three levels of imbibition before taking the seeds to heating, two periods of heating, two levels of imbibition before entering the germination rooms, and two inductors: Salicylic Acid (SA) and β- aminobutyric Acid (BABA) in doses of 1 mM and 2.5 mM respectively. This results in a total of 24 treatments in addition of the control. A total of 30 seeds were evaluated per treatment and per repetition from the same Dura type bunch, with zero days of storage. A completely random design with factorial arrangement +1 was used, assisted by Tukey's test at 5 %. The results showed that the seeds that stayed during the first imbibition for 6 days in water, 2 days in GABA or in AS before entering heating, and with 20 days of heating, presented in 82 days the highest percentage of optimal germination (34.44 % and 23.89 %, respectively). and the treatment that was during the first imbibition 6 days in water and 2 days in GABA, and 20 days of heating, achieved the highest percentage of optimal germination (40 %). The control showed higher incidence of diseases (79 %) with respect to the other factors (16 %). Study findings could be used to decrease seed germination time and damage caused by pathogens.

Estimaram-se as correlações fenotípicas, genotípicas e ambientais entre o número de cachos por planta e a produção anual e suas combinações em dendê (Elaeis guineensis). Os coeficientes de repetibilidade e de determinação também foram estimados, com o objetivo de indicar o período mínimo de colheita necessário para se acessar o potencial genotípico das progênies avaliadas. A correlação genotípica entre o número de cachos e a produção foi negativa, indicando que, se forem selecionados os genótipos com maior produção, o número de cachos deverá diminuir. A correlação genotípica geralmente apresentou sinal oposto do que precedia correlação ambiental, evidenciando que as causas genéticas e ambientais influenciam o número de cachos e a produção por meio de mecanismos fisiológicos distintos. Com base no método de componentes principais aplicado à matriz de correlação, o período mínimo de colheitas foi de quatro anos, com confiabilidade de 87,6% e coeficiente de repetibilidade de 0,64.

The phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations between the number of palm fruit bunches and the annual yield and their combinations in African palm were estimated. There were also estimated the coefficients of repeatability and determination, with the objective of indicating the lowest number of successive harvests required to exploit the genotypic potential of the evaluated progenies. The genotypic correlation between the number of bunches per plant and the yield was negative, indicating that when genotypes with a higher yield are selected the number of bunches decreases. In general, the signal of the genotypic correlation differed was opposite to the one from the environmental correlation, evidencing that genetic and environmental factors influence the number of bunches and yield through different physiological mechanisms. Based on the method of principal components applied to the correlation matrix, at least four years of evaluation seem to be necessary, values coefficients of reliability and repeatability were 87.6% e 0.64, respectively.