Pesquisa | SciELO

Abstract In 2017, the Brazilian State of Amapá registered the first occurrence of visceral leishmaniosis (VL) in 17 dogs in the outskirts of the capital, Macapá. Given the lack of knowledge on phlebotomines in that area, this study aimed to survey the fauna of these Diptera. Sampling was performed using CDC light traps placed at ten sampling sites. The specimens captured were Evandromyia walkeri (n=237), Nyssomyia antunesi (n=65) and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (n=6). The phlebotomine species composition resulted in low species diversity, and none of the main vectors of the etiological agent of VL were identified in the study area.

Resumo Em 2017, o estado do Amapá registrou a primeira ocorrência de Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) em 17 cães, na periferia da capital, Macapá. Tendo em vista a falta de conhecimento sobre flebotomíneos nessa área, este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento da fauna desses dípteros. A amostragem foi realizada usando-se armadilhas de luz CDC, colocadas em dez locais de amostragem. Os espécimes capturados foram Evandromyia walkeri (n=237), Nyssomyia antunesi (n=65) e Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (n=6). A composição de espécies de flebotomíneos resultou em baixa diversidade de espécies, e nenhum dos principais vetores do agente da LV foi identificado na área de estudo.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612023054

Delivery kinetics of natural active agents by PVA hydrogels intended for wound care
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Fernandes, Isis Siqueira

; Saboia, Laís da Costa

; Gonçalves, Vinicius Soares

; da Costa Neto, Jorge Luiz Siqueira

; Moreira, Ana Paula Duarte

; Souza, Natália Dias

; Nascimento, Alexandre Miguel do

; Chaves, Douglas Siqueira de Almeida

; Rosado, Luiz Henrique Guerreiro

; Silva, Leonardo Duarte Batista da

; Bauerfeldt, Glauco Favilla

; Middea, Antonieta

; Oliveira, Renata Nunes

Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)

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2023, Volume 28 Nº 3 elocation e20230071

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Acute wound dressings can be based on PVA hydrogels, which present many characteristics of an ideal dressing, e.g., fluid uptake, a moisturized environment, etc. The lack of antimicrobial properties leads to the addition of natural active agents. The present work aims to manufacture and compare PVA gels loaded with Barbatimão bark extract, Leucaena bark extract, Aloe vera, and Lavender essential oil. They were characterized by FTIR, swelling tests, SEM, actives release. There were interactions between PVA and the active agents. The addition of Leucaena and Barbatimão increased the PVA ability to swell, but the opposite was found for Aloe vera and Lavender essential oil. PVA-Lavender essential oil samples presented interconnected pores, while samples with essential oil or extracts presented high crystallinity. Lavender essential oil and Aloe vera presented the highest release. The Barbatimão and Leucaena samples’ release may be related to the samples’ swelling, but the initial release of Aloe vera and Lavender samples was diffusion controlled by swelling. Their long-term release was dose-dependent for Aloe vera, while it was a non-Fickian diffusion for Lavender essential oil related to the hydrogel’s relaxation step. There is a synergistic effect when Aloe vera and Lavender essential oil are loaded in PVA hydrogels. hydrogels dressing eg e g e.g. uptake environment etc agents extract FTIR tests SEM swell PVALavender pores crystallinity longterm long term dosedependent dose dependent nonFickian non Fickian hydrogel s step e.g

https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2023-0071

Experiências de governança da restauração de ecossistemas e paisagens no Brasil
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Chazdon, Robin L.

; Chaves, Rafael B.

; Calmon, Miguel

; Siqueira, Ludmila Pugliese de

; Junqueira, Rodrigo G. Prates

Estudos Avançados

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Dez 2022, Volume 36 Nº 106 Páginas 221 - 237

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O Brasil tem uma longa história de políticas, pesquisa e prática de restauração de ecossistemas degradados. A Década da Restauração de Ecossistemas das Nações Unidas (2021-2030) foi lançada com o principal objetivo de prevenir, cessar e reverter a degradação de ecossistemas em todo o mundo. Neste artigo, descrevemos algumas experiências no Brasil e ilustramos como elas podem contribuir para o cumprimento desses objetivos. As ações de restauração florestal no Brasil são fortemente motivadas e lideradas por associações da sociedade civil descentralizadas, e coalizões e plataformas multissetoriais. Destacamos o papel crítico das inovações de governança nos níveis regional, estadual e municipal que fortalecem as ações de restauração, apesar da implementação deficiente das iniciativas do governo federal.

ABSTRACT Brazil has a long history of policies, research and practice to restore degraded ecosystems. The United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030) was launched with the primary objective of preventing, halting and reversing the degradation of ecosystems worldwide. Here, we describe some experiences with ecosystem restoration in Brazil and illustrate how they can contribute to achieving these goals. Forest restoration actions in Brazil are strongly motivated and led by decentralized civil society associations and multisectoral coalitions and platforms. We highlight the critical role of governance innovations at the regional, state and municipal levels that strengthen restoration actions despite the poor implementation of federal government initiatives.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-4014.2022.36106.013

Definition and management of very high fracture risk in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a position statement from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) and the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (ABRASSO)
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Silva, Barbara C.

; Madeira, Miguel

; d’Alva, Catarina Brasil

; Maeda, Sergio Setsuo

; Holanda, Narriane Chaves Pereira de

; Ohe, Monique Nakayama

; Szejnfeld, Vera

; Zerbini, Cristiano A. F.

; Paula, Francisco José Albuquerque de

; Bandeira, Francisco

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Out 2022, Volume 66 Nº 5 Páginas 591 - 603

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Several drugs are available for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Over the last decades, most patients requiring pharmacological intervention were offered antiresorptive drugs as first-line therapy, while anabolic agents were considered a last resource for those with therapeutic failure. However, recent randomized trials in patients with severe osteoporosis have shown that anabolic agents reduce fractures to a greater extent than antiresorptive medications. Additionally, evidence indicates that increases in bone mineral density (BMD) are maximized when patients are treated with anabolic agents first, followed by antiresorptive therapy. This evidence is key, considering that greater increases in BMD during osteoporosis treatment are associated with a more pronounced reduction in fracture risk. Thus, international guidelines have recently proposed an individualized approach to osteoporosis treatment based on fracture risk stratification, in which the stratification risk has been refined to include a category of patients at very high risk of fracture who should be managed with anabolic agents as first-line therapy. In this document, the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism propose the definition of very high risk of osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women, for whom anabolic agents should be considered as first-line therapy. This document also reviews the factors associated with increased fracture risk, trials comparing anabolic versus antiresorptive agents, efficacy of anabolic agents in patients who are treatment naïve versus those previously treated with antiresorptive agents, and safety of anabolic agents.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000522

Registro Nacional de Síndrome Coronario Agudo en Paraguay (RENASCA-PY)
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González, Graciela

; Fernández, Felipe

; Ávalos, Domingo

; Ortellado, José

; Adorno, Miguel

; Galeano, Javier

; Delmás, César

; Oviedo, Guillermo

; Villamayor, Abdón

; Saldívar, Carmen

; Aquino, Lucas

; Castillo, Manuel

; Machado, Gilberto

; Silvero, Silvio

; Chaves, Graciela

; Gómez, Nancy

; Cáceres-Italiano, Cristina

; Battilana, José

; Escalada, Gustavo

; Cabral, Federico

; López, Édgar

; Olmedo, Gustavo

; Melgarejo, Marcos

; Cabral, Luz

; Paredes, Óscar

Archivos de cardiología de México

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Jun 2022, Volume 92 Nº 2 Páginas 174 - 180

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Objective: To determine the initial management and in-hospital mortality of patients with acute coronary syndrome who attended referral hospitals in Paraguay. Method: Observational, multicenter study, in patients over 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Results: 780 patients were included from May 2015 to February 2016; the mean age was 64.1 ± 12.3 years, 64.1% male. The clinical presentation was acute coronary syndrome with ST elevation in 40.1% and without elevation in 59.9%. In patients with ST elevation there is a high percentage of late attendance, more than 12 h of evolution in 49.8%; those with less than 12 h of evolution underwent reperfusion in 52.2% of the cases, received fibrinolytics in 36.3% of the cases, and primary percutaneous coronary intervention 15.9%. In-hospital mortality for acute coronary syndrome was 10.3%, with ST-segment elevation was 12.8%, and without ST-segment elevation was 8.6%. Conclusions: The management of acute coronary syndrome in Paraguay needs a comprehensive approach, which promotes earlier care, and increases the implementation of reperfusion therapies in the health services network, in order to improve the therapeutic response rates and decrease hospital mortality.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar el tratamiento inicial y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria de pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo que acudieron a centros hospitalarios de referencia de Paraguay. Método: Estudio observacional y multicéntrico en pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico confirmado de síndrome coronario agudo. Resultados: Se incluyó a 780 pacientes desde mayo de 2015 hasta febrero de 2016; la edad media fue de 64.1 ± 12.3 años y el género masculino representó el 64.1%. La presentación clínica fue la de síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del ST en 40.1% y sin elevación del ST en 59.9%. En pacientes con elevación del ST se observó un alto porcentaje de consultas tardías, mayor de 12 h de evolución en 49.8%; en aquéllos con menos de 12 h de evolución se indicó la reperfusión en 52.2%, el 36.3% recibió fibrinolíticos y 15.9% intervención coronaria percutánea primaria. La mortalidad hospitalaria del síndrome coronario agudo fue de 10.3%, con elevación del segmento ST en 12.8% y sin elevación del segmento ST en 8.6%. Conclusiones: El tratamiento del síndrome coronario agudo en el Paraguay requiere un abordaje integral, que promueva consultas más tempranas y aumente la institución de tratamientos de reperfusión en la red de servicios de salud; el objetivo es mejorar los índices de respuesta terapéutica y disminuir la mortalidad hospitalaria.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.20000489 52 downloads

Predictors of frailty in older people users of Primary Health Care
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Tavares, João Paulo de Almeida

; Sá-Couto, Pedro Miguel Ferreira de

; Pedreira, Larissa Chaves

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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2022, Volume 75 elocation e20201292

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a prevalência e preditores da fragilidade de idosos na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo descritivo e correlacional, realizado em amostra de conveniência com 136 idosos na comunidade. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário sociodemográfico, clínico e pelo fenótipo de fragilidade. Utilizaram-se o teste t de Student ou U-Mann-Whitney, o Qui-Quadrado e a regressão logística binária na análise dos dados. Resultados: a prevalência da fragilidade foi de 26,5% (n=36). Os idosos frágeis apresentaram idade mais avançada (p=0,011), pior autoavaliação de saúde (p=0,001) e menor capacidade física (p<0,001). Na regressão multivariável, observou-se que os idosos frágeis apresentavam idade mais avançada (Odds Ratio=1,111; Intervalo de Confiança 95%=1,026-1,203) e pior capacidade física (Odds Ratio=0,673; Intervalo de Confiança 95%=0,508-0,893). Conclusões: a prevalência da fragilidade nos idosos na Atenção Primária à Saúde foi considerável. A idade avançada e a pior capacidade física foram os preditores mais relevantes da fragilidade nos idosos.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence and predictors of frailty in older people in Primary Health Care. Method: this is a descriptive and correlational study, carried out in a convenience sample of 136 older people in the community. Data were collected through a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and frailty phenotype. Student’s t test or U-Mann-Whitney test, chi-square and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: the prevalence of frailty was 26.5% (n=36). Frail individuals had older age (p=0.011), worse self-rated health (p=0.001) and lower physical capacity (p<0.001). In the multivariable regression, it was observed that frail individuals had older age (Odds Ratio=1.111; 95% confidence interval=1.026-1.203) and worse physical capacity (Odds Ratio=0.673; 95% confidence interval=0.508-0.893). Conclusions: the prevalence of frailty in older people in Primary Health Care was considerable. Advanced age and worse physical capacity were the most relevant predictors of frailty in the elderly.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia y predictores de fragilidad en ancianos en Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: estudio descriptivo y correlacional, realizado en una muestra de conveniencia con 136 ancianos de la comunidad. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un cuestionario sociodemográfico, clínico y de fenotipo de fragilidad. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron la prueba t de Student o la prueba U-Mann-Whitney, chi-cuadrado y regresión logística binaria. Resultados: la prevalencia de fragilidad fue del 26,5% (n=36). Los ancianos frágiles eran mayores (p=0,011), peor autoevaluación de la salud (p=0,001) y menos capaces físicamente (p <0,001). En la regresión multivariante, se observó que los ancianos frágiles eran mayores (Odds Ratio=1,111; Intervalo de confianza del 95%=1,026-1,203) y peor capacidad física (Odds Ratio=0,673; Intervalo de confianza del 95%=0,508-0,893). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de fragilidad en ancianos en Atención Primaria de Salud fue considerable. La edad avanzada y la peor capacidad física fueron los predictores más relevantes de fragilidad en el anciano

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1292

Fast surveillance response reveals the introduction of a new yellow fever virus sub-lineage in 2021, in Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Andrade, Miguel Souza

; Campos, Fabrício Souza

; Oliveira, Cirilo Henrique de

; Oliveira, Ramon Silva

; Campos, Aline Alves Scarpellini

; Almeida, Marco Antônio Barreto de

; Fonseca, Vagner de Souza

; Simonini-Teixeira, Danilo

; Sevá, Anaiá da Paixão

; Temponi, Andrea Oliveira Dias

; Magalhães, Fernando Maria

; Chaves, Danielle Costa Capistrano

; Pereira, Maira Alves

; Lamounier, Ludmila Oliveira

; Menezes, Givaldo Gomes de

; Aquino-Teixeira, Sandy Micaele

; Gonçalves-dos-Santos, Maria Eduarda

; Bernal-Valle, Sofía

; Müller, Nicolas Felipe Drumm

; Cardoso, Jader da Cruz

; Santos, Edmilson dos

; Mares-Guia, Maria Angélica

; Albuquerque, George Rêgo

; Romano, Alessandro Pecego Martins

; Franco, Ana Cláudia

; Ribeiro, Bergmann Morais

; Roehe, Paulo Michel

; Abreu, Filipe Vieira Santos de

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2022, Volume 117 elocation e220127

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND In Brazil, the yellow fever virus (YFV) is maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving wild mosquitoes and non-human primates (NHPs). The virus is endemic to the Amazon region; however, waves of epidemic expansion reaching other Brazilian states sporadically occur, eventually causing spillovers to humans. OBJECTIVES To report a surveillance effort that led to the first confirmation of YFV in NHPs in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Southeast region, in 2021. METHODS A surveillance network was created, encompassing the technology of smartphone applications and coordinated actions of several research institutions and health services to monitor and investigate NHP epizootics. FINDINGS When alerts were spread through the network, samples from NHPs were collected and YFV infection confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and genome sequencing at an interval of only 10 days. Near-complete genomes were generated using the Nanopore MinION sequencer. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that viral genomes were related to the South American genotype I, clustering with a genome detected in the Amazon region (state of Pará) in 2017, named YFVPA/MG sub-lineage. Fast YFV confirmation potentialised vaccination campaigns. MAIN CONCLUSIONS A new YFV introduction was detected in MG 6 years after the beginning of the major outbreak reported in the state (2015-2018). The YFV strain was not related to the sub-lineages previously reported in MG. No human cases have been reported, suggesting the importance of coordinated surveillance of NHPs using available technologies and supporting laboratories to ensure a quick response and implementation of contingency measures to avoid YFV spillover to humans.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220127

Calcium and Boron Foliar Application in the Production and Quality of Zucchini Seeds
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Colombari, Lidiane Fernandes

; Silva, Gustavo Ferreira da

; Chamma, Larissa

; Chaves, Prínscilla Pâmela Nunes

; Makita, Miguel Kenzo

; Soman, José Marcelo

; Cardoso, Antonio Ismael Inácio

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2022, Volume 65 elocation e22220056

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Although there are fertilization recommendations for the cultivation of zucchini, there are just few researches about the effects of nutrients in seed production. Calcium and boron have a low mobility in plants, and some researches recommend foliar application for these nutrients. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the foliar application of calcium and boron in the production and quality of zucchini seeds. The experimental design was randomized blocks with seven replications. Four treatments were evaluated: only calcium (0.2%) application, only boron (0.1%) application, combined application of calcium (0.2%) and boron (0.1%) and the control (without calcium and boron.) The following characteristics were evaluated: number of pollen grains per flower, hundred seeds weight; seed number and weight per fruit and seed physiological quality (germination; first germination count and speed of germination index - SGI). Only boron application reduced the number of seeds produced per fruit. The combined foliar application of calcium and boron, in addition to reducing the number of seeds, also reduced SGI. The calcium only application increased the amount of pollen per flower (superior to all other treatments) and also the number of seeds per fruit (compared to the combined application of calcium + boron), without affecting the quality of the zucchini seeds. So, it can be recomended the aplication of Ca during zucchini flowering for seed production.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2022220056

A new species of Long-eared Brown Bat of the genus Histiotus (Chiroptera) and the revalidation of Histiotus colombiae
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Rodríguez-Posada, Miguel E.

; Morales-Martínez, Darwin M.

; Ramírez-Chaves, Héctor E.

; Martínez-Medina, Daniela

; Calderón-Acevedo, Camilo A.

Caldasia

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Dez 2021, Volume 43 Nº 2 Páginas 221 - 234

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Los murciélagos suramericanos del género Histiotus comprenden entre cuatro y ocho especies, pero su taxonomía ha sido controversial y los límites entre sus especies y sus áreas de distribución no son bien entendidos. En Colombia, se han registrado a Histiotus humboldti y a H. montanus colombiae, pero se ha propuesto que hay especies por describir. Evaluamos la riqueza de especies de murciélagos His-tiotus colombianos incluyendo caracteres morfológicos, moleculares y acústicos. Nuestros resultados evidencian la presencia de tres especies en Colombia, los dos taxones previamente registrados y una especie nueva de la Cordillera Central de Colombia y el norte de Ecuador que describimos aquí. Además, revalidamos H. colombiae a nivel de especie. H. humboldti presenta la distribución más amplia en los Andes colombianos y ecuatorianos, y puede estar en simpatría con las otras dos especies. H. colombiae es sólo conocida de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Finalmente, resaltamos la diversidad potencial no descrita de Histiotus en los Andes peruanos y bolivianos, la necesidad de resolver las relaciones evolutivas del género y sus implicaciones en el entendimiento de los procesos que han estructurado la fauna Andina de mamíferos.

ABSTRACT The South American bats of the genus Histiotus comprise between four and eight species, but their taxonomy has been controversial and the limits between species and their distribution are not well understood. In Colombia, Histiotus humboldti and H. montanus colombiae have been recorded, but un-described species has been suggested. We evaluated the species richness and distribution of Colombian Histiotus using morphological, molecular, and acoustic traits. Our results evidence three species in Colombia, the two previously recorded taxa and a new species from the Cordillera Central of Colombia and northern Ecuador that we describe here. We also revalidated H. colombiae as a full species. H. humboldti is widely distributed in the Colombian and Ecuadorean Andes and can be sympatric with the other two species. H. colombiae is restricted to the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Finally, we highlight the potential hidden diversity within Histiotus in the Peruvian and Bolivian Andes, the need to resolve the evolutionary relationships of the genus, and its implications to the understanding of the processes that have structured the Andean mammal fauna.

https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n2.85424 43 downloads

10.

Physically effective fiber changes nutrient levels of total mixed ration and fecal parameters in beef feedlots
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Cunha, Gabriel Santos Persiquini

; Maia, Moises de Aguiar

; Fernandes, Luís Miguel Gonçalves

; Geraseev, Luciana Castro

; Chaves, Amália Saturnino

Ciência Rural

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2021, Volume 51 Nº 5 elocation e20200663

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o teor de fibra fisicamente efetiva (FDNfe) de dietas totais e seus efeitos nos nutrientes da dieta, das sobras e nos parâmetros fecais de bovinos de corte em 15 confinamentos comerciais. As amostras da dieta foram separadas utilizando a peneira Penn State Particle Size Separator (PSPS). As amostras foram analisadas quanto aos teores de matéria seca (MS), matéria mineral (MM), extrato etéreo (EE), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e amido. Nas amostras de fezes também foram avaliadas o escore e pH fecal. Os confinamentos foram categorizados em dois tratamentos: FDNfe<20% e FDNfe≥20%. Os dados foram analisados por um modelo que incluiu os efeitos de grupo e covariável (sexo e grupo genético). Os teores de MS, PB, EE e amido foram menores nas dietas com FDNfe≥20%(P<0,05). A MS fecal foi maior e pH fecal matinal foi menor nas dietas com FDNfe<20% (P<0,05). Sendo assim a efetividade da fibra alterou os nutrientes da dieta total e sobras, bem como as variáveis pH e MS fecal. Com isso, o uso de PSPS e parâmetros fecais são ferramentas práticas e indiretas para medir o amido fecal e a efetividade da dieta em confinamentos de bovinos comerciais.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of the physically effective fiber (peNDF) content on nutrient composition of the total mixed ration (TMR), orts and fecal parameters in 15 commercial beef feedlots. The particle size distribution of TMR was measured adopting Penn State Particle Size Separator (PSPS). Samples were evaluated for dry matter (DM), ash, ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and starch content. Fecal samples were also evaluated for pH and score. The feedlots were categorized into peNDF<20% and peNDF ≥ 20%. Data were analyzed by a model that included fixed effects of treatment and covariates (sex and genetic groups). Levels of DM, CP, EE and starch were lower in TMR with peNDF ≥ 20% (P<0.05). Fecal dry matter was higher and morning fecal pH was lower for TMR with peNDF<20% (P<0.05). Physically effective fiber changed nutrient levels in TMR, orts, fecal pH and DM. So, using PSPS and fecal parameters are practical and indirect tools for measuring fecal starch and assessing the effectiveness of the diet supplied to ruminants.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200663 427 downloads

11.

Primary health care nurses: attitudes towards the person with mental disorder
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Nóbrega, Maria do Perpétuo Socorro de Sousa

; Fernandes, Carla Sílvia Neves da Nova

; Zerbetto, Sonia Regina

; Sampaio, Francisco Miguel Correia

; Carvalho, José Carlos

; Chaves, Suellen Cristina da Silva

Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem

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2021, Volume 42 elocation e20200088

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar as atitudes dos enfermeiros que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde frente à pessoa com transtorno mental e as variáveis relacionados aos cuidados de saúde prestados. Metodologia Estudo descritivo, correlacional, com 250 enfermeiros de 69 Unidades Básica de Saúde do município de São Paulo. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre abril e agosto de 2019 por meio da escala “Opiniões acerca da Doença Mental”. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste de KrusKal-Wallis, com nível de confiança de 95% e significância estatística de p<0,05. Resultados A média global da escala foi 197, que demonstra atitudes negativas especialmente nas dimensões de Autoritarismo (44,6), Restrição Social (42,0), e positiva na dimensão Benevolência (51,7). Conclusão Os enfermeiros apresentam, tendencialmente, perfil atitudinal estigmatizante. É necessária intervenção formativa e permanente para que seja possível reduzir o estigma e melhorar o cuidado de base comunitária preconizado nas diretrizes da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the attitudes of nurses working in Primary Health Care towards the person with mental disorder and the variables related to health care provided. Methodology Descriptive, correlational study with 250 nurses from 69 Basic Health Units in the city of São Paulo. Data collection took place between April and August 2019 using the “Opinions about Mental Illness” scale. The data were analyzed using the KrusKal-Wallis test, with a 95% confidence level and statistical significance of p <0.05. Results The global mean of the scale was 197, which shows negative attitudes especially in the dimensions of Authoritarianism (44.6), Social Restriction (42.0), and positive in the dimension of Benevolence (51.7). Conclusion Nurses tend to have a stigmatizing attitudinal profile. It is necessary formative and permanent intervention so that it is possible to reduce stigma and improve community-based care recommended in the guidelines of the Psychosocial Care Network.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar las actitudes de los enfermeros que trabajan en Atención Primaria de Salud frente a la persona con trastorno mental y las variables relacionadas con la atención médica brindada. Metodología Estudio descriptivo, correlacional con 250 enfermeras de 69 Unidades Básicas de Salud en la ciudad de São Paulo. La recopilación de datos tuvo lugar entre abril y agosto de 2019 utilizando la escala "Opiniones sobre enfermedades mentales". Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de KrusKal-Wallis, con un nivel de confianza del 95% y una significación estadística de p <0,05. Resultados El promedio global de la escala fue 197, lo que muestra actitudes negativas especialmente en las dimensiones de Autoritarismo (44.6), Restricción social (42.0), y positivas en la dimensión de Benevolencia (51.7). Conclusión Las enfermeras tienden a tener un perfil de actitud estigmatizante. La intervención formativa y permanente es necesaria para que sea posible reducir el estigma y mejorar la atención comunitaria recomendada en las pautas de la Red de Atención Psicosocial.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200088 300 downloads

12.

Mejoramiento de subrasantes de tipo arcilloso mediante la adición de escoria de acero
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Ospina-García, Miguel Ángel

; Chaves-Pabón, Saieth Baudilio

; Jiménez-Sicachá, Luis Miguel

Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación

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Dez 2020, Volume 11 Nº 1 Páginas 185 - 196

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen El presente trabajo evalúa el comportamiento de mezclas de suelo arcilloso mediante la adición de escoria de acero, comparando con los criterios de calidad para ser una subrasante vial. El comportamiento de la mezcla de escoria de acería con arcilla caolinita, se estableció con una matriz de dosificación de aumento gradual, en porcentajes de: 25, 50 y 75%, a través del tamiz N°4. Los resultados indican que la escoria de acería funciona en materiales cohesivos, reduciendo la plasticidad hasta un 0%, y aumentando el valor del California Bearing Ratio, CBR, en un 378.92%. Se concluye que la escoria de acero, es un excelente complemento para mejorar las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de una subrasante de arcilla caolinita. En una primera aproximación, la dosificación más recomendada es de un 25%, debido a que la disminución en la resistencia a la compresión e índice de plasticidad no fue tan alta como en las otras dosificaciones, pero si aumenta el índice CBR y la densidad.

Abstract This work evaluates the behaviour of clay soil mixture by adding stell waste/slag, comparering with the quality criteria to be a subgrade road. The behavior of the mixture of steel waste with kaolinite clay was established with a dosage matrix of global increase, in percentages of 25, 50 and 75% through sieve number 4. The results show that the steel waste works on cohesive materials, reducing plasticity by up to 0%, and increasing the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value, by 378.92%. It is possible to conclude that the steel waste is an excellent complement for improving the physical and mechanical properties of kaolinite clay subgrade. In a first approximation, the most recommended dosage is 25%, because the reduction of resistance to compression and plasticity index was not as high as in other dosages, but it increases the CBR index and the density.

https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v11.n1.2020.11692 929 downloads

13.

A Pancreatic Cyst Leading to Obstructive Jaundice
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Félix, Catarina Sousa

; Marques, Susana Chaves

; Bispo, Miguel

; Castillo, Mireia

; Costa, Tiago Bana e

; Chagas, Cristina

GE-Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology

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Dez 2020, Volume 27 Nº 6 Páginas 446 - 448

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1159/000507203 169 downloads

14.

Frecuencias de grupos sanguíneos de interés clínico en donantes y pacientes de Costa Rica
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Quiros-Fernandez, Isaac

; Rodríguez-Pineda, Miguel Ángel

; Valerín-Chaves, Ana Lucía

; Campbell-Beckles, Diana

; Zumbado-Salas, Greivin

Revista Cubana de Hematología, Inmunología y Hemoterapia

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Jun 2020, Volume 36 Nº 2 elocation e1104

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: The ABO, Rh and Kell blood systems are the most relevant from the clinical point of view, due to their immunogenicity and because they are the main causes of hemolytic reactions. Objective: To determine the frequencies of ABO and Rh blood groups, and the frequency of the Kell antigen in patients and donors from Costa Rica. Methods: During the period from 2009 to 2018, the frequencies of ABO, Rh and Kell blood groups in donor and patient samples were obtained from the blood bank databases of three adult hospitals in Costa Rica. To contrast the frequencies of each blood group, a chi-square test of independence of variables was performed, with 95% confidence interval. The data were analyzed with the statistical package SPSS version 23. Results: The frequencies of ABO groups in donor and patient samples showed small but significant differences. The frequency of the negative Rh D phenotype was higher in patients (8.0%) than in donors (6.1%). The frequencies of the antigens C (67.8%), c (80.5%), E (41.4%), e (94.4%), and K (3.1%) were estimated from donor samples. Conclusions: Blood donor recruitment strategies increase the frequency of negative Rh phenotype in donors compared to patients. The statistics collected demonstrate an increase in the frequency of the O group compared to recent related studies. Finally, the other antigens did not show as much variation compared to previous studies.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los sistemas sanguíneos ABO, Rh y Kell son lo más relevantes desde el punto de vista clínico por su inmunogenicidad y ser los principales causantes de reacciones hemolíticas. Objetivo: Determinar las frecuencias de los grupos sanguíneos ABO y Rh, y la frecuencia del antígeno Kell en pacientes y donantes de Costa Rica. Métodos: Durante el periodo de 2009 al 2018 se obtuvo de las bases de datos de los bancos de sangre de tres hospitales de adultos de Costa Rica, las frecuencias de los grupos sanguíneos ABO, Rh y Kell en muestras de donantes y pacientes. Para contrastar las frecuencias de cada grupo sanguíneo se realizó una prueba de independencia de variables Chi cuadrado, con el 95 % de confianza. Los datos se analizaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 23. Resultados: Las frecuencias de los grupos ABO en las muestras de donantes y pacientes mostraron diferencias pequeñas pero significativas. La frecuencia del fenotipo Rh D negativo fue más alta en pacientes (8,0 %) que en donantes (6,1 %). Se estimaron las frecuencias de los antígenos C (67,8 %), c (80,5 %), E (41,4 %), e (94,4 %) y K (3,1 %) a partir de las muestras de los donantes. Conclusiones: Las estrategias de reclutamiento de donantes de sangre aumentan la frecuencia del fenotipo Rh negativo en donantes con respecto a los pacientes. Las estadísticas recopiladas demuestran un aumento en la frecuencia del grupo O en comparación con los últimos estudios relacionados. Finalmente, los otros antígenos presentaron pocas variaciones en comparación a estudios previos.

15.

Evaluation of the community structure of marine sponges in reef patches of the southern Caribbean, Costa Rica
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Araya-Vargas, Alexander

; Busutil, Linnet

; García-Rojas, Andrea

; Pereira-Chaves, José Miguel

; Piedra-Castro, Liliana

Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - INVEMAR

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Jun 2020, Volume 49 Nº 1 Páginas 39 - 62

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Las esponjas marinas cumplen un gran número de funciones críticas para los arrecifes coralinos. A su vez, las variaciones en la estructura comunitaria de los poríferos pueden indicar cambios en las condiciones ambientales de los ecosistemas donde habitan. Sin embargo, su estudio ha sido escaso en el Caribe de Costa Rica, principalmente en el ámbito ecológico. Por tanto, se evaluó la estructura comunitaria de estos organismos en cuatro parches arrecifales (Perezoso, Pequeño, Coral Garden y el 0,36) y se determinó si podía ser explicada por la sedimentación, el sustrato y la profundidad. Se calculó la abundancia relativa (AR) y la cobertura relativa (CR) para cada especie, la densidad de esponjas e índices de diversidad (riqueza de especies, heterogeneidad de Shannon, equitatividad de Pielou y dominancia de Simpson) para cada sitio de muestreo. Se comparó la similitud entre sitios respecto a las abundancias relativas de esponjas versus sedimentación, sustrato y profundidad. Se encontraron 13 nuevos registros de esponjas para el país. Perezoso presentó la mayor cobertura de esponjas (CR = 6,1 %) compuesta principalmente por Cliona caribbaea (CR = 2,0 %) y con Niphates erecta como especie dominante (AR = 59,3 %). La riqueza de especies aumentó a medida que aumentaba la profundidad en los sitios. Perezoso y Coral Garden mostraron la mayor similitud en cuanto a la abundancia de especies y compartieron a N. erecta, Iotrochota birotulata y Scopalina ruetzleri como las especies más abundantes. Asimismo, compartieron las mayores frecuencias de aparición (40 %) de esponjas perforadoras del género Siphonodictyon y la presencia de la especie bioerosionadora C. caribbaea. La similitud entre Perezoso y Coral Garden podría estar influenciada en mayor medida por la alta disponibilidad de pavimento calcáreo como sustrato predominante (48 < PC % < 67), el cual parece favorecer la abundancia de esponjas heterotróficas y generalistas, así como la de especies perforadoras y bioerosionadoras.

ABSTRACT Marine sponges fulfill many critical functions to coral reefs. In turn, variations in the community structure of the poriferans may indicate changes in the environmental conditions of the ecosystems where they live. However, their study has been scarce in the Caribbean of Costa Rica, mainly in the ecological field. Therefore, the community structure of these organisms was evaluated in four reef patches (Perezoso, Pequeño, Coral Garden, and the 0.36) and it was determined whether it could be explained by sedimentation, substrate, and depth. Relative abundance (RA) and relative coverage (RC) for each species, sponge density, and diversity indices (species richness, Shannon heterogeneity, Pielou's evenness, and Simpson's dominance) were calculated for each sampling site. Similarity between sites was compared to the relative abundance of sponges versus sedimentation, substrate, and depth. 13 new sponge records were found for the country. Perezoso had the highest sponge coverage (RC = 6.1 %) composed mainly by Cliona caribbaea (RC = 2.0 %) and with Niphates erecta as the dominant species (RA = 59.3 %). Species richness increased as site depth increased. Perezoso and Coral Garden showed the biggest similarity in terms of species abundance and shared N. erecta, Iotrochota birotulata and Scopalina ruetzleri as the most abundant species. These sites also shared the highest occurrence frequencies (40 %) of excavating sponges of the genus Siphonodictyon and the presence of the boring species C. caribbaea. Similarity between Perezoso and Coral Garden could be influenced to a greater extent by the high availability of calcareous pavement as a predominant substrate (48 < PC % < 67), which seems to favor the abundance of heterotrophic and generalist sponges, as well as that of excavating species and boring sponges.

https://doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2020.49.1.773 507 downloads

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