Abstract: Purpose: to evaluate the effect of dentifrice pH and fluoride concentration ([F]) on fluoride uptake on the biofilm and nails of children from a non-fluoridated area. Methods: two hundred and twenty-eight two- to four-year-old children were randomly allocated into 3 groups according to the type of dentifrice: G1: 1100 μg F/g, pH 4.5 (n = 76); G2: 750 μg F/g, pH 4.5 (n = 74); and G3: 1100 μg F/g, pH 7.0 (n = 78). Nails were collected at 4, 8, and 12 months after starting dentifrice use and biofilm was collected 5 and 60 minutes after toothbrushing. The concentrations of F in nails and biofilm were analyzed by HMDS facilitated diffusion. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney's test and the comparison between biofilm collection times was done using Wilcoxon test (p £ 0.05). Results: a significant reduction of [F] in biofilm was observed 60 minutes after toothbrushing, regardless of the dentifrice used. However, 5 minutes after toothbrushing, G1 had a significantly higher [F] compared to G2 and G3, and 60 minutes after toothbrushing, [F] was significantly higher for G1 and G2 compared to G3. G1 and G3 had significantly higher [F] in the nails compared to G2. Conclusion: a lower dentifrice concentration is a relevant factor for the reduction of excessive fluoride intake. The use of a low-F acidified dentifrice combines the reduction of fluoride uptake with caries prevention by leading to greater incorporation of F into the biofilm over time.

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the association of changes on physical activity levels during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak of individuals with normal weight and overweight/obesity, and the influence of sex in this relationship. Methods This cross-sectional study (survey research) was conducted in Brazil between May 5 and May 17, 2020. Participants (n=1,828 / 1,062 women >18 years) were invited through social media to answer a structured questionnaire via Google Forms. The online assessment included self-reported responses to questions on physical activity, overall health, weight, and height. Binary logistic regression analyzed the relationship between overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥25kg/m2), the impact of COVID-19 on physical activity level, and the influence of sex. Results Compared to normal weight people, those with overweight/obesity practice less moderate to vigorous physical activity (p<0.001). There were associations between women and men with overweight/obesity and the impact of COVID-19 on the physical activity practice compared to normal weight people, adjusted by age, education level, social isolation, and previous physical activity level (p<0.017). Conclusion The study found an association of weight and changes in physical activity levels. Individuals with overweight/obesity were more likely to have a lower physical activity level during COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of sex.

Resumo Fundamento: Estudos transversais anteriores demonstraram que a atividade física está associada a menor risco cardiovascular em pacientes com doença arterial periférica (DAP). No entanto, não é possível estabelecer causalidade e estudos com desenho longitudinal são necessários. Objetivo: Analisar as alterações nos parâmetros de risco cardiovascular e níveis de atividade física após 2 anos de acompanhamento em pacientes com DAP sintomática. Métodos: O presente estudo teve início em 2015. Na primeira fase, foram incluídos 268 pacientes. Na segunda fase, após 2 anos (mediana = 26 meses), foram reavaliados 72 pacientes. Parâmetros de risco cardiovascular, como pressão arterial, modulação autonômica cardíaca e rigidez arterial, e níveis de atividade física foram medidos na linha de base e após 2 anos de acompanhamento. A associação entre as alterações delta (valores após 2 anos – valores da linha de base) na atividade física e nos parâmetros cardiovasculares foi analisada por meio de regressão linear múltipla. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em p < 0,05 com DAP. Resultados: Pacientes reduziram seus níveis totais de atividade física em comparação com a linha de base (linha de base = 2.257,6 ± 774,5 versus acompanhamento = 2.041 ± 676,2 min/semana, p = 0,001). Após o acompanhamento, o índice tornozelo-braquial (0,62 ± 0,20 versus 0,54 ± 0,20, p = 0,003) e o desvio padrão de todos os intervalos RR (43,4 ± 27,0 versus 25,1 ± 13,4 ms, p < 0,001) foram menores, enquanto a velocidade da onda de pulso carotídeo-femoral foi maior (9,0 ± 3,0 versus 10,7 ± 3,4 m/s, p = 0,002) em relação aos valores basais. Não observamos associação entre os valores delta dos níveis de atividade física e os parâmetros de risco cardiovascular. Conclusão: Pacientes com DAP tiveram níveis reduzidos de atividade física e comprometimento em relação aos parâmetros de risco cardiovascular após 2 anos de acompanhamento.

Background: Previous cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that physical activity is associated with lower cardiovascular risk in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, it is not possible to establish causality, and longitudinal design studies are required. Objective: To analyze the changes in cardiovascular risk parameters and physical activity levels after a 2-year follow-up in patients with symptomatic PAD. Methods: This study started in 2015. In the first phase, 268 patients were included. In the second phase, after 2 years (median = 26 months), 72 patients were re-evaluated. Cardiovascular risk parameters, such as blood pressure, cardiac autonomic modulation, and arterial stiffness, and physical activity levels were measured at baseline and after 2 years of follow-up. Association among delta changes (values from follow-up – baseline) in physical activity and cardiovascular parameters were analyzed by multiple linear regression. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Patients reduced their total physical activity levels compared to baseline (baseline = 2257.6 ± 774.5 versus follow-up = 2041 ± 676.2 min/week, p = 0.001). After follow-up, ankle-brachial index (0.62 ± 0.20 versus 0.54 ± 0.20, p = 0.003), and standard deviation of all RR intervals (43.4 ± 27.0 versus 25.1 ± 13.4 ms, p < 0.001) were lower, whereas carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was higher (9.0 ± 3.0 versus 10.7 ± 3.4 m/s, p = 0.002) compared to baseline values. We did not observe any association among delta values of physical activity levels and cardiovascular risk parameters. Conclusion: Patients with PAD had reduced physical activity levels and impaired cardiovascular risk parameters during 2-year follow-up.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses have demonstrated that isometric handgrip training (IHT) decreases blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Nonetheless, most studies were conducted in laboratory settings and its effects in real-world settings remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of IHT on office and ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients attended within primary healthcare. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized controlled trial conducted in primary healthcare units within the Family Health Program, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: 63 hypertensive patients (30-79 years old; 70% female) were randomly allocated into IHT or control groups. IHT was performed three times per week (4 x 2 minutes at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, one-minute rest between bouts, alternating the hands). Before and after the 12-week training period, office and ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate variability were obtained. The significance level was set at P < 0.05 (two-tailed testing) for all analyses. RESULTS: IHT significantly decreased office systolic blood pressure (IHT: 129 ± 4 versus 121 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05; control: 126 ± 4 versus 126 ± 3 mmHg, P > 0.05), whereas there was no effect on diastolic blood pressure (IHT: 83 ± 3 versus 79 ± 2 mmHg, P > 0.05; control: 81 ± 3 versus 77 ± 3 mmHg, P > 0.05). Heart rate variability and ambulatory blood pressure were not altered by the interventions (P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: IHT reduced office systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients attended within primary care. However, there were effects regarding diastolic blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure or heart rate variability. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03216317.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar o impacto da pandemia de coronavírus 2019 sobre o nível de atividade física e comportamento sedentário entre brasileiros com idade ≥18 anos. Métodos Uma pesquisa on-line foi distribuída por meio de mídias sociais entre 5 e 17 de maio de 2020. Os participantes responderam a um questionário estruturado no Google Forms, que avaliou o nível de atividade física e comportamento sedentário de adultos no Brasil durante a pandemia. Resultados Idade (RC: 0,98; IC95%: 0,97-0,99), doença crônica (RC: 1,29; IC95%: 1,03-1,63), inatividade física antes da pandemia de coronavírus 2019 (RC: 2,20; IC95%: 1,78-2,72) e excesso de peso (RC: 1,34; IC95%: 1,09-1,65) apresentaram maior risco de impacto no nível de atividade física. O aumento do tempo sentado foi associado a indivíduos mais velhos (RC: 0,97; IC95%: 0,96-0,98), inatividade (RC: 1,51; IC95%: 1,16-1,96), doença crônica (RC: 1,65; IC95%: 1,23-2,22), maior número de dias no isolamento social (RC: 1,01; IC95%: 1,00-1,02) e níveis de escolaridade mais altos (RC: 1,87; IC95%: 1,26-2,78). Conclusão Nossos resultados demonstraram que a idade, a presença de doenças crônicas e a inatividade física antes do isolamento social tiveram maior risco de impacto na redução do nível de atividade física e maior tempo sentado durante a pandemia de coronavírus 2019.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the impact of the coronavirus 2019 pandemic on physical activity levels and sedentary behavior among Brazilians residents aged ≥18 years. Methods An online survey was distributed through a social media platform between May 5 and 17, 2020. Participants completed a structured questionnaire in Google Forms, which assessed the physical activity level and sedentary behavior of adults in Brazil during the pandemic. Results Age (OR: 0.98; 95%CI: 0.97-0.99), chronic disease (OR: 1.29; 95%CI: 1.03-1.63), physical inactivity before the coronavirus 2019 pandemic (OR: 2.20; 95%CI: 1.78-2.72) and overweight (OR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.09-1.65) showed higher risk of impact on physical activity levels. Increased sitting time was associated with older individuals (OR: 0.97; 95%CI: 0.96-0.98), inactivity (OR: 1.51; 95%CI: 1.16-1.96), chronic disease (OR: 1.65; 95%CI: 1.23-2.22), higher number of days in social isolation (OR: 1.01; 95%CI: 1.00-1.02) and higher schooling levels (OR: 1.87; 95%CI: 1.26-2.78). Conclusion Our results demonstrated that advanced age, chronic disease and physical inactivity before social isolation had a greater risk of impact on reduced physical activity levels and increased sitting time during the coronavirus 2019 disease pandemic.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To describe physical activity habits and barriers for physical activity practice in patients with peripheral artery disease and claudication symptoms during Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey study, 127 patients with peripheral artery disease (59.8% men; 68±9 years old; and 81.9% had the peripheral artery disease diagnosis ≥5 years old) were included. The physical activity habits and barriers for physical activity practice were assessed through telephone interview using a questionnaire with questions related to: (a) COVID-19 personal care; (b) overall health; (c) physical activity habits; (d) for those who were inactive, the barriers for physical activity practice. RESULTS: Only 26.8% of patients reported practicing physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exercise characteristics more common among these patients include walking, performed at least 5 days a week, during 31–60 min at light intensity. In contrast, among physically inactive patients, pain, injury or disability (55%), the COVID-19 pandemic (50%), the need to rest due to leg pain (29%), and lack of energy (27%) were the most frequent barriers to physical activity practice. CONCLUSION: The physical activity level of patients with peripheral artery disease is impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Resumo Contexto A pandemia do Coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) tem afetado negativamente o comportamento da população. Nesse contexto, o impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 no tratamento medicamentoso dos pacientes com doença arterial periférica (DAP) e claudicação intermitente (CI) permanece obscuro. Objetivos Analisar o impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 no tratamento medicamentoso dos pacientes com DAP e CI. Métodos Neste estudo observacional transversal, 136 pacientes com DAP e CI, recrutados do nosso banco de dados, responderam por telefone um questionário envolvendo as seguintes questões: a) cuidados com a COVID-19; b) saúde global; c) tratamento das doenças. Posteriormente, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com a dificuldade para a aquisição dos medicamentos (DAM: dificuldade e SDAM: sem dificuldade), para a comparação da saúde global entre os dois grupos. Resultados Dezessete porcento dos pacientes reportaram dificuldades para a aquisição dos medicamentos durante a pandemia. Uma maior prevalência desses pacientes reportou estar mais triste (56,5% versus 24,8%, p < 0,01) e com mais dificuldades para dormir (56,5% versus 24,8%, p < 0,01) em relação aos pacientes do grupo SDAM. Os grupos não apresentaram diferenças para o declínio na capacidade de caminhada, ansiedade, estresse e depressão (p > 0,05). Conclusões Uma maior prevalência de pacientes do grupo DAM reportou estar mais triste e com mais dificuldade para dormir em comparação ao grupo SDAM durante a pandemia da COVID-19.

Abstract Background The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a negative impact on the population’s behavior. In this context, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on drug treatment of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and intermittent claudication (IC) remains unclear. Objectives To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on drug treatment of patients with PAD and IC. Methods In this cross-sectional, observational study, 136 patients with PAD and IC were recruited from our database and answered a questionnaire by telephone involving the following questions: a) precautions related to COVID-19; b) general health status; and c) treatment of diseases. Subsequently, patients were divided into two groups according to difficulty in obtaining their drugs (DOD: difficulty obtaining drugs, or NDOD: no difficulty obtaining drugs) and overall health was compared between groups. Results Seventeen percent of patients reported difficulties with obtaining drugs during the pandemic. A higher proportion of these patients reported being sadder (56.5% vs. 24.8%, P < 0.01) and having more difficulty sleeping (56.5% vs. 24.8%, P < 0.01) than of the patients in the NDOD group (P <0.01). The groups did not differ in terms of impairment of walking capability, anxiety, stress, or depression (P> 0.05). Conclusions A higher proportion of patients in the DOD group reported being sadder and having greater difficulty sleeping compared to the NDOD group during the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a influência da hipertensão na saúde cardiovascular em pacientes com doença arterial periférica sintomática, e identificar fatores associados à hipertensão arterial não controlada. Métodos: Neste estudo transversal foram incluídos 251 pacientes com doença arterial periférica (63,9% homens e média de idade 67±10 anos). Hipertensão foi diagnosticada e pressão arterial foi avaliada para determinar o controle da hipertensão. Foram avaliadas rigidez arterial (velocidade da onda de pulso carótida-femoral) e modulação autonômica cardíaca (balanço simpatovagal). Resultados: Hipertensão foi associada com maior velocidade da onda de pulso carótida-femoral, independentemente do sexo, idade, índice tornozelo-braço, índice de massa corpórea, capacidade de deambulação, frequência cardíaca, ou comorbidades (ß=2,59±0,76m/s, b=0,318, p=0,003). Pacientes com pressão arterial sistólica ≥120mmHg tiveram maior velocidadeda onda de pulso carótida-femoral do que normotensos, e pacientes hipertensos com pressão arterial sistólica ≤119mmHg (normotensos: 7,6±2,4m/s=≤119mmHg: 8,1±2,2m/s 120-129mmHg: 9,8±2,6m/s=≥130mmHg: 9,9±2,9m/s, p<0,005). Balanço simpatovagal não foi associado à hipertensão. Conclusão: Pacientes hipertensos com doença arterial periférica sintomática apresentam maior rigidez arterial. Em pacientes com pressão arterial não controlada, a rigidez arterial é ainda mais elevada.

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the impact of hypertension on cardiovascular health in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease and to identify factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 251 patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (63.9% males, mean age 67±10 years). Following hypertension diagnosis, blood pressure was measured to determine control of hypertension. Arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity) and cardiac autonomic modulation (sympathovagal balance) were assessed. Results: Hypertension was associated with higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, regardless of sex, age, ankle-brachial index, body mass index, walking capacity, heart rate, or comorbidities (ß=2.59±0.76m/s, b=0.318, p=0.003). Patients with systolic blood pressure ≥120mmHg had higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity values than normotensive individuals, and hypertensive patients with systolic blood pressure of ≤119mmHg (normotensive: 7.6±2.4m/s=≤119mmHg: 8.1±2.2m/s 120-129mmHg:9.8±2.6m/s=≥130mmHg: 9.9±2.9m/s, p<0.005). Sympathovagal balance was not associated with hypertension (p>0.05). Conclusion: Hypertensive patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease have increased arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness is even greater in patients with uncontrolled high blood pressure.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify factors associated with urinary incontinence in women by type and severity. Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 with 30 women in a teaching hospital of Pernambuco. The Gaudenz-Fragebogen instrument was used to identify incontinence types, and the Incontinence Severity Index to classify urinary loss severity. Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze qualitative variables, and the t-Student test for rational variables. Results: Stress-induced urinary incontinence was the most frequent type (66.7%), in its moderate form (43.3%), and was associated with low schooling (p<0.001), Body Mass Index of 28.6 (p=0.043), abdominal circumference of 103.4 (p<0.001), diabetes (p<0.001), number of deliveries above 4 (p=0.046), gynecological surgery (p=0.023), and lack of physical activity (p=0.001). Final Considerations: Identifying the type, severity, and main modifiable risk factors may support more effective and efficient preventive and curative interventions.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: verificar factores asociados con la incontinencia urinaria en mujeres, por tipo y por gravedad. Metodología: estudio transversal realizado entre noviembre de 2018 y abril de 2019 con 30 mujeres en un hospital escuela de Pernambuco. Se utilizó el instrumento Gaudenz- Fragebogen para identificar los tipos de incontinencia y el Incontinence Severity Index para clasificar la gravedad de la pérdida de orina. Se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher para analizar las variables cualitativas, y el t-Student para las variables racionales. Resultados: la incontinencia urinaria por esfuerzo fue el tipo más frecuente (66,7%), en su forma moderada (43,3%) y estuvo asociada a un bajo nivel de escolaridad (p<0,001), a un Índice de Masa Corporal de 28,6 (p=0,043), a una circunferencia abdominal de 103,4 (p<0,001), diabetes (p<0,001), cantidad de partos superior a 4 (p=0,046), cirugía ginecológica (p=0,023) y a la falta de actividad física (p=0,001). Consideraciones finales: identificar el tipo, la gravedad y los principales factores de riesgo modificables podrá ayudar a diseñar intervenciones preventivas y curativas más eficientes y efectivas.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar fatores associados a incontinência urinária em mulheres por tipo e gravidade. Metodologia: estudo transversal, realizado de novembro de 2018 a abril de 2019, com 30 mulheres em um hospital escola de Pernambuco. Foi utilizado o instrumento Gaudenz-Fragebogen para identificar os tipos de incontinência e o Incontinence Severity Index para classificar a gravidade da perda urinária. Utilizou-se o teste Exato de Fisher para analisar variáveis qualitativas e t-Student para variáveis racionais Resultados: incontinência urinária de esforço foi o tipo mais frequente (66,7%), na forma moderada (43,3%) e esteve associada a baixa escolaridade (p<0,001), índice de massa corporal de 28,6 (p=0,043), circunferência abdominal de 103,4 (p<0,001), diabetes (p<0,001), número de partos superior a 4 (p=0,046), cirurgia ginecológica (p=0,023) e falta de atividade física (p=0,001). Considerações Finais: a identificação do tipo, da gravidade e dos principais fatores de risco modificáveis poderá subsidiar intervenções preventivas e curativas mais eficientes e efetivas.

RESUMO Ensaios clínicos randomizados são conhecidos por serem a melhor ferramenta para determinar os efeitos de uma intervenção. No entanto, a maioria dos profissionais de saúde não é capaz de compreender os resultados de forma adequada. Neste artigo, são apresentados conceitos, aplicações, exemplos e vantagens do uso de dados visuais como uma ferramenta complementar na seção dos resultados de artigos originais. A simplificação da visualização da apresentação dos dados deve melhorar o entendimento geral de pesquisas clínicas.

ABSTRACT Randomized controlled trials are known to be the best tool to determine the effects of an intervention; however, most healthcare professionals are not able to adequately understand the results. In this report, concepts, applications, examples, and advantages of using visual data as a complementary tool in the results section of original articles are presented. Visual simplification of data presentation will improve general understanding of clinical research.

Resumo Fundamento: Aumentos nos níveis de atividade física diária são recomendados para pacientes com doença arterial periférica (DAP). No entanto, apesar dessa recomendação, pouco se sabe sobre os padrões de atividade física dos pacientes com DAP. Objetivo: Descrever os padrões de atividade física de pacientes com DAP sintomática. Métodos: Este estudo transversal incluiu 174 pacientes com DAP com sintomas de claudicação intermitente. Os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliações clínicas, hemodinâmicas e funcionais. A atividade física foi objetivamente medida por um acelerômetro, e o tempo gasto em atividades sedentárias, de baixa intensidade, de alta intensidade e atividade física moderada-a-vigorosa (AFMV) foi obtido. A análise descritiva foi realizada para resumir os dados dos pacientes e a regressão logística binária foi utilizada para testar as associações brutas e ajustadas entre a adesão à recomendação de atividade física e os fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos. Para todas as análises estatísticas, a significância foi estabelecida em p < 0,05. Resultados: Os pacientes gastaram em média 640 ± 121 min/dia, 269 ± 94 min / dia, 36 ± 27 min/dia e 15 ± 16 min/dia em atividades sedentárias, de baixa intensidade, alta intensidade e AFMV, respectivamente. A prevalência de pacientes que atingiram as recomendações de atividade física foi de 3,4%. Após ajuste para fatores de confusão, observou-se associação inversa significativa entre adesão à recomendação de atividade física e idade (OR = 0,925; p = 0,004), enquanto tempo de doença, ITB e distância total de caminhada não se associaram a esse critério de adesão (p> 0,05). Conclusão: Os padrões de atividade física dos pacientes com DAP são caracterizados por uma grande quantidade de tempo gasto em comportamentos sedentários e um baixo envolvimento na AFMV. Pacientes mais jovens, independentemente dos fatores clínicos e funcionais, apresentaram maior probabilidade de atender às recomendações atuais de atividade física.

Abstract Background: Increases in daily physical activity levels is recommended for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, despite this recommendation, little is known about the physical activity patterns of PAD patients. Objective: To describe the physical activity patterns of patients with symptomatic peripheral artery (PAD) disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 174 PAD patients with intermittent claudication symptoms. Patients were submitted to clinical, hemodynamic and functional evaluations. Physical activity was objectively measured by an accelerometer, and the time spent in sedentary, low-light, high-light and moderate-vigorous physical activities (MVPA) were obtained. Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize patient data and binary logistic regression was used to test the crude and adjusted associations between adherence to physical activity recommendation and sociodemographic and clinical factors. For all the statistical analyses, significance was accepted at p < 0.05. Results: Patients spent in average of 640 ± 121 min/day, 269 ± 94 min/day, 36 ± 27 min/day and 15 ± 16 min/day in sedentary, low-light, high-light and MVPA, respectively. The prevalence of patients who achieved physical activity recommendations was 3.4%. After adjustment for confounders, a significant inverse association was observed between adherence to physical activity recommendation and age (OR = 0.925; p = 0.004), while time of disease, ankle brachial index and total walking distance were not associated with this adherence criteria (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The patterns of physical activity of PAD patients are characterized by a large amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors and a low engagement in MVPA. Younger patients, regardless of the clinical and functional factors, were more likely to meet the current physical activity recommendations.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between gait speed and measurements of physical function in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHODS: One hundred sixty-nine patients (age 66.6±9.4 years) with symptomatic PAD were recruited. Usual and fast gait speeds were assessed with a 4-meter walk test. Objective (balance, sit-to-stand, handrip strength, and six-minute walk test) and subjective (WIQ - Walking Impairment Questionnaire and WELCH - Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History) measurements of physical function were obtained. Crude and adjusted linear regression analyses were used to confirm significant associations. RESULTS: Usual and fast gait speeds were significantly correlated with all objective and subjective physical function variables examined (r<0.55, p<0.05). In the multivariate model, usual gait speed was associated with six-minute walking distance (β=0.001, p<0.001), sit-to-stand test score (β=-0.005, p=0.012), and WIQ stairs score (β=0.002, p=0.006) adjusted by age, ankle brachial index, body mass index, and gender. Fast gait speed was associated with six-minute walking distance (β=0.002, p<0.001), WIQ stairs score (β=0.003, p=0.010), and WELCH total score (β=0.004, p=0.026) adjusted by age, ankle brachial index, body mass index, and gender. CONCLUSION: Usual and fast gait speeds assessed with the 4-meter test were moderately associated with objective and subjective measurements of physical function in symptomatic PAD patients.

RESUMO Introdução: Uma única sessão de treinamento de resistência reduz a pressão arterial (PA) braquial em pacientes com doença arterial periférica (DAP). No entanto, não se sabe se respostas semelhantes ocorrem na PA aórtica, que é considerada um melhor preditor de eventos cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Este estudo visou analisar os efeitos de uma sessão de treinamento de resistência sobre a PA aórtica de pacientes com DAP. Métodos: Este estudo randomizado, cruzado e controlado envolveu 16 pacientes. Todos realizaram uma sessão experimental de treinamento de resistência: sessão força (SF - três séries de 10 repetições em oito exercícios, intensidade de cinco a sete na escala de OMNI-Res) e uma sessão controle (SC -repouso por 50 minutos). Antes e depois de cada sessão, a PA aórtica foi avaliada pela técnica de tonometria de aplanação. Resultados: Houve um aumento na PA aórtica sistólica (P < 0,002) e média (P < 0,001) nas duas sessões, entretanto, aumentos maiores foram observados na SC (P < 0,001). Além disso, a PA aórtica diastólica só aumentou após a SC (P = 0,004). O efeito hipotensor do exercício sobre a PA aórtica sistólica, diastólica e média foi de -12 ± 2, -6 ± 2, e -7 ± 2 mmHg, respectivamente. Conclusão: Uma única sessão de treinamento de resistência promoveu efeito hipotensor na PA aórtica de pacientes com DAP, indicando uma redução aguda do risco cardiovascular nessa população. Nível de Evidência Nível I; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: A single session of resistance training decreases brachial blood pressure (BP) in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, it is not known whether similar responses occur in aortic BP, which is a better predictor of cardiovascular risk. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of a single session of resistance training on aortic BP in PAD patients. Methods: This randomized, crossover, controlled trial involved 16 patients. All of them performed a session of resistance training (R - 3 x 10 reps in eight exercises, 5-7 on the OMNI Scale) and a control session (C - resting for 50 min). Before and after each session, aortic BP was assessed by applanation tonometry technique. Results: There was an increase in systolic (P<0.002) and mean (P<0.001) aortic BP in both sessions; however, higher increases were observed in C session (P<0.001). Additionally, diastolic aortic BP only increased after C session (P=0.004). The hypotensive effect of the exercise on systolic, diastolic, and mean aortic BP were -12±2, -6±2, and -7±2 mmHg, respectively. Conclusion: A single session of resistance training promoted a hypotensive effect on aortic BP of patients with PAD, indicating an acute reduction in cardiovascular risk in this population. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic studies - Investigating the results of treatment.

RESUMEN Introducción: Una sola sesión de entrenamiento de resistencia reduce la presión arterial (PA) braquial de pacientes con enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP). Sin embargo, no se sabe si respuestas similares ocurren en la PA aórtica, que es considerada un mejor predictor de eventos cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos de una sesión de entrenamiento de resistencia sobre la PA aórtica de pacientes con EAP. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio aleatorizado, cruzado y controlado que involucró a 16 pacientes Todos realizaron una sesión experimental de entrenamiento de resistencia: sesión de fuerza (SF - tres series de 10 repeticiones en ocho ejercicios, intensidad de cinco a siete en la escala de OMNI-Res) y una sesión de control (SC - reposo por 50 minutos). Antes y después de cada sesión, la PA aórtica fue evaluada por la técnica de tonometría de aplanación. Resultados: Hubo un aumento en la PA aórtica sistólica (P < 0,002) y media (P < 0,001) en las dos sesiones, sin embargo, se observaron aumentos mayores en la SC (P < 0,001). Además, la PA aórtica diastólica sólo aumentó después de la SC (P = 0,004). El efecto hipotensor del ejercicio sobre la PA aórtica sistólica, diastólica y media fue de -12 ± 2, -6 ± 2 y -7 ± 2 mmHg, respectivamente. Conclusión: Una sola sesión de entrenamiento de resistencia promovió efecto hipotensor en la PA aórtica de pacientes con EAP, indicando una reducción aguda del riesgo cardiovascular en esa población. Nivel de Evidencia I; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamento.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the steadiness of broilers during the stance phase of locomotion, and the primary disorders of the locomotor system and gait. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial arrangement (2 × 2 + 32), indicating two sexes and two genetic commercial strains, with five replications of 53 broilers each, and 32 (16 males and 16 females) indigenous chickens. Gait score and valgus and varus condition were assessed. Pictures of the birds were taken and evaluated. The broiler body was considered a spherical shape, and the centroid was calculated. From the geometric center of the body, a line was drawn perpendicularly to the sphere radius that formed an angle (ANG) with the other vertical line drawn from the centroid to the ground. The angle projected onto the ground was analyzed, and the body steadiness (EC) was estimated. At the 42nd day of growth, broilers were weighed to assess the body weight, the breast weight after slaughter, and the percentage of the breast (PB). Femoral degeneration, tibial dyschondroplasia, spondylolisthesis, and footpad dermatitis were evaluated. Fast-growing broilers presented a high prevalence of locomotor issues. The PB was not affected by sex or genetic strain. Males showed better ANG than the females, regardless of the genetic strain. More balanced EC was found in commercial broilers when compared with the indigenous chicken that stood slightly towards the back during the stance phase. A medium (in males) to high (in females) association between EC and ANG was found amongst broilers from the commercial strains in both males and females. The broilers from commercial strains presented more locomotor issues than the indigenous chicken. Commercial broiler strains show less locomotor soundness than indigenous chickens.