RESUMO Introdução: Durante o tratamento ortodôntico, muitos pacientes solicitam, também, alteração na cor dos seus dentes. Objetivo: O presente estudo avaliou diferentes produtos clareadores e branqueadores, quanto à sua eficácia sob os braquetes ortodônticos. Métodos: 70 incisivos bovinos foram aleatoriamente divididos em cinco grupos (n = 14): C) dentifrício não branqueador (controle); WTsi) dentifrício branqueador com sílica hidratada; WThp) dentifrício branqueador com peróxido de hidrogênio a 2%; OB) clareamento no consultório e HB) clareamento caseiro. Usando um espectrofotômetro Easyshade, foram avaliadas duas áreas na superfície vestibular dos dentes: sob o braquete (experimental) e ao redor do braquete (controle). Para análise estatística, foram usados os testest pareado, ANOVA e Tukey. Resultados: As comparações intragrupos demonstraram que, nos grupos C, WThp e HB, ocorreram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas alterações de cor do esmalte (ΔEab) entre as áreas sob o braquete e ao redor do braquete (C: sob o braquete = 7,97 ± 2,35, ao redor do braquete = 2,86 ± 0,81, p< 0,01; WThp: sob o braquete = 4,69 ± 2,98, ao redor do braquete = 2,05 ± 1,41, p< 0,01; HB: sob o braquete = 7,41 ± 2,89, ao redor do braquete = 9,86 ± 3,32, p= 0,02). Os grupos WTsi, OB e HB demonstraram semelhanças na percepção do clareamento (ΔWID) entre as áreas avaliadas. As comparações intergrupos demonstraram que, nas áreas sob os braquetes, as alterações de cor (ΔEab) foram semelhantes para os grupos, com exceção do WThp (C = 7,97 ± 2,35; WTsi = 8,54 ± 3,63; WThp = 4,69 ± 2,98; OB = 9,31 ± 4,32; HB = 7,41 ± 2,89; p< 0,01). Conclusões: As alterações na cor dos dentes foram efetivas para os procedimentos testados nos grupos WTsi, OB e HB na presença de braquetes metálicos ortodônticos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Many patients wearing orthodontic appliances request alterations in the shade of their teeth during orthodontic treatment. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different products for bleaching and whitening under orthodontic brackets. Methods: Seventy bovine incisors were randomly divided into five groups (n = 14): C) non-whitening toothpaste (control); WTsi) hydrated silica whitening toothpaste; WThp) 2% hydrogen peroxide whitening toothpaste; OB) in-office bleaching; and HB) at-home bleaching. Two buccal surface areas were evaluated using the Easyshade spectrophotometer: under the metal bracket (experimental) and around the bracket (control). The paired t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey tests were applied for statistical analysis. Results: Intragroup comparisons showed that in groups C, WThp and HB, there were statistically significant differences in the enamel color changes (ΔEab) between under and around the bracket areas (C - under bracket = 7.97 ± 2.35, around bracket = 2.86 ± 0.81, p< 0.01; WThp - under bracket = 4.69 ± 2.98, around bracket = 2.05 ± 1.41, p< 0.01; HB - under bracket = 7.41 ± 2.89, around bracket: 9.86 ± 3.32, p= 0.02). Groups WTsi, OB and HB presented similar perception of tooth whiteness (ΔWID) between the tested areas. Intergroup comparisons demonstrated that under the bracket area, the color change (ΔEab) was similar for all groups, except WThp (C = 7.97 ± 2.35; WTsi = 8.54 ± 3.63; WThp = 4.69 ± 2.98; OB = 9.31 ± 4.32; HB = 7.41 ± 2.89; p< 0.01). Conclusions: The dental color changes were effective for the products tested in groups WTsi, OB and HB in the presence of metallic orthodontic brackets.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a atratividade do perfil facial em pacientes Classe II tratados com Twin Force® ou elásticos intermaxilares. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 47 pacientes Classe II divididos em dois grupos: G1 - Twin Force® (25 pacientes tratados com aparelhos fixos e o aparelho funcional Twin Force®; idade inicial média de 17,91 ± 7,13 anos, idade final média de 20,45 ± 7,18 anos, e tempo médio de tratamento de 2,53 ± 0,83 anos); G2 - Elásticos (22 pacientes tratados com aparelhos fixos e elásticos intermaxilares de Classe II, idade inicial média de 15,87 ± 5,64 anos, idade final média de 18,63 ± 5,79 anos, e tempo médio de tratamento de 2,75 ± 0,60 anos). Foram usadas telerradiografias laterais pré- e pós-tratamento. As variáveis cefalométricas foram mensuradas, e silhuetas do perfil facial foram construídas e avaliadas por 48 leigos e 63 ortodontistas, que pontuaram a atratividade entre 0 (perfil menos atraente) e 10 (perfil mais atraente). As comparações intergrupos foram realizadas com os testes Mann-Whitney e t de Student para amostras independentes. Resultados: Na fase pré-tratamento, o perfil facial no grupo Twin Force® foi menos atrativo do que no grupo Elásticos. Os tratamentos com o Twin Force® ou com Elásticos de Classe II resultaram em atratividade semelhante do perfil facial, mas a convexidade facial foi mais reduzida no grupo Twin Force®. Os ortodontistas foram mais críticos do que os leigos. Conclusões: Apesar de os tratamentos com o Twin Force® ou com Elásticos de Classe II terem resultado em atratividade semelhante do perfil facial após o tratamento, a atratividade do perfil foi reduzida com o tratamento no grupo Elásticos e melhorou no grupo Twin Force®. A convexidade facial foi mais reduzida com o tratamento no grupo Twin Force®.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the facial profile attractiveness of Class II patients treated with Twin Force® or intermaxillary elastics. Methods: Sample comprised 47 Class II patients divided into two groups: G1) TWIN FORCE - 25 patients treated with fixed appliances and Twin Force® fixed functional appliance (mean initial age was 17.91 ± 7.13 years, mean final age was 20.45 ± 7.18 years, and mean treatment time was 2.53 ± 0.83 years); G2) ELASTICS - 22 patients treated with fixed appliances and Class II intermaxillary elastics (mean initial age was 15.87 ± 5.64 years, mean final age was 18.63 ± 5.79 years and mean treatment time was 2.75 ± 0.60 years). Lateral cephalograms from pretreatment and posttreatment were used. Cephalometric variables were measured and silhouettes of facial profile were constructed and evaluated by 48 laypeople and 63 orthodontists, rating the attractiveness from 0 (most unattractive profile) to 10 (most attractive profile). Intergroup comparisons were performed with Mann-Whitney and independent t-tests. Results: At pretreatment, facial profile of the Twin Force® group was less attractive than the Elastics group. Treatment with Twin Force® or Class II elastics resulted in similar facial profile attractiveness, but the facial convexity was more reduced in the Twin Force® group. Orthodontists were more critical than laypeople. Conclusions: Treatment with Twin Force® or Class II elastics produced similar facial profile attractiveness at posttreatment. Profile attractiveness was reduced with treatment in the elastic group, and improved in the Twin Force® group. Facial convexity was more reduced with treatment in the Twin Force® group.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da contenção fixa 3x3 no apinhamento anterior em casos tratados com extração de incisivo inferior. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por arquivos ortodônticos das fases pré-tratamento, pós-tratamento e avaliação em longo prazo, de 16 pacientes (10 mulheres e 6 homens) portadores de má oclusão de Classe I tratados com a extração de um único incisivo inferior. As idades médias (± DP) pré-tratamento, pós-tratamento e na avaliação em longo prazo foram 23,45 ± 9,14 anos, 25,50 ± 8,95 anos e 30,11 ± 8,59 anos, respectivamente. O tempo médio (± DP) de tratamento e de acompanhamento em longo prazo foi 2,05 ± 0,45 anos e 4,60 ± 1,85 anos, respectivamente. Nos modelos de gesso, foram avaliados o Índice de Irregularidade de Little e as distâncias interdentárias. A amostra foi dividida em dois subgrupos, de acordo com a presença da contenção fixa 3x3 na avaliação em longo prazo. Resultados: O grupo sem contenção fixa apresentou uma maior recidiva na avaliação em longo prazo, quando comparado com o grupo que tinha a contenção fixa. Conclusão: Houve uma recidiva significativa nos casos tratados com extração de incisivo, na avaliação em longo prazo. O subgrupo sem contenção fixa 3x3 mostrou uma recidiva significativa em longo prazo, quando comparado ao grupo com contenção.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the 3x3 bonded retainer influence on the mandibular anterior crowding in cases treated with mandibular incisor extraction Methods: The sample comprised pretreatment, posttreatment and follow-up orthodontic records of 16 subjects (10 females and 6 males) with Class I malocclusion treated with extraction of a single mandibular incisor. The mean ages (± SD) at pretreatment, posttreatment and follow-up evaluation were 23.45 ± 9.14 years, 25.50 ± 8.95 years and 30.11 ± 8.59 years, respectively. The mean (± SD) treatment time and posttreatment evaluation time were 2.05 ± 0.45 years and 4.60 ± 1.85 years , respectively. Little irregularity index and interdental widths were evaluated using dental casts. The sample was divided into two subgroups, according to the presence of the 3x3 bonded retainer at follow-up. Results: The subgroup without 3x3 bonded retainer presented a greater relapse at the follow-up, when compared to 3x3 bonded retainer subgroup. Conclusion: There was a significant relapse in cases treated with mandibular incisor extraction at follow-up. The subgroup without 3x3 bonded retainer showed a significant relapse at the follow-up when compared to the retainer group.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a atratividade de diferentes tipos de fios ortodônticos estéticos, na opinião de leigos e dentistas. Métodos: Foram avaliados cinco tipos diferentes de fios ortodônticos: três fios estéticos (revestidos com teflon, revestidos com resina epóxi e revestidos com ródio) e dois fios metálicos (aço inoxidável e NiTi), como grupo controle. Braquetes de cerâmica monocristalina foram instalados na arcada superior de uma paciente com bom alinhamento dentário, e os cinco fios avaliados foram fixados ao aparelho ortodôntico com ligadura elástica estética de silicone e fotografados. As fotografias foram avaliadas por 163 indivíduos, sendo 110 dentistas e 53 leigos. Os dados foram avaliados estatisticamente pelos testes ANOVA a um e a dois critérios, seguidos pelo teste de Tukey. Resultados: Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na atratividade entre os fios avaliados. O mais estético foi o fio revestido de ródio, seguido pelo fio revestido de resina epóxica e, finalmente, o fio revestido de teflon, sem diferença significativa entre os fios de aço inoxidável e os de NiTi. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos de avaliadores. Conclusão: O mais atraente foi o fio revestido de ródio, seguido pelo fio revestido de resina epóxica e, finalmente, o fio menos atraente foi o fio revestido de teflon, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa para os fios de aço inoxidável e os de NiTi, utilizados como controle.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the attractiveness of different types of esthetic orthodontic wires by laypeople and dentists. Methods: Five different types of orthodontic wires were evaluated: three esthetic wires (Teflon-coated, epoxy resin-coated and rhodium-coated wires), and two metallic wires (stainless steel and NiTi), as control. Monocrystalline ceramic brackets were installed in the maxillary arch of a patient presenting good dental alignment. The five evaluated wires were attached to the orthodontic appliance with an esthetic silicone elastic and photographed. The photographs were evaluated by 163 individuals, 110 dentists and 53 laypeople. The data were statistically evaluated by two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey tests. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the attractiveness among the wires evaluated; the most esthetic was the rhodium-coated wire, followed by the epoxy resin-coated wire and, finally, the Teflon-coated wire, with no significant difference from the stainless steel and NiTi control archwires. There was no significant difference between the groups of evaluators. Conclusion: The most attractive was the rhodium-coated wire, followed by the epoxy resin-coated wire and, finally, the least attractive wire was the Teflon-coated wire, without statistically significant difference to the stainless steel and NiTi wires, used as control.

Abstract The present study sought to evaluate the impact of quarantine resulting from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on dental appointments and patients’ positions and concerns regarding their ongoing dental treatment. Patients from private dental clinics answered an online questionnaire anonymously regarding their treatment, availability and willingness to attend dental appointments, and concerns about contamination. Descriptive statistics of the responses were performed with percentages and responses were compared between sexes, regions, and other aspects using the chi-squared test. Five hundred ninety-five patients (412 females and 183 males; mean age: 38.21 years) answered the questionnaire. Most patients reported they were receiving dental treatment (orthodontics) and would attend to a dental appointment; meanwhile, those patients not receiving treatment would not attend or would visit only in the case of an emergency. Males reported to be calmer than females, who were more anxious and afraid; as such, males reported more willing to go a dental appointment while, in general, females were not worried about how quarantine could affect dental treatment. Patients actively undergoing treatment and orthodontic patients were more concerned about a delay in treatment. There was a significant association between feelings about the COVID-19 pandemic and the level of willingness to attend a dental appointment. The quarantine recommended due to the COVID-19 pandemic was shown to have an impact on dental appointments and the anxiety levels of patients, since there was a significant association between patients’ feelings and their willingness to attend a dental appointment. Overall, patients undergoing dental treatment and orthodontics were more willing to attend an appointment and were more concerned about an increase in treatment duration.

RESUMO Objetivo: o presente estudo avaliou os efeitos dentoesqueléticos e tegumentares em pacientes com má oclusão de Classe II tratados com aparelho Distal Jet, comparando-os com um grupo controle não tratado. Métodos: 44 pacientes com má oclusão de Classe II foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (experimental) - 22 pacientes, idade média de 12,7 anos, tratados com o aparelho Distal Jet por um período médio de 1,2 anos; Grupo 2 (controle) - 22 pacientes não tratados, idade média de 12,2 anos, acompanhados por um período médio de 1,2 anos. Telerradiografias laterais foram obtidas antes do tratamento (T0) e no final da distalização (T1). O teste t independente foi usado para identificar as diferenças entre os grupos. Resultados: quando comparado ao grupo controle, o Distal Jet produziu um aumento significativo no ângulo do plano mandibular (0,7 ± 2,0o). Os segundos molares superiores apresentaram inclinação distal (6,6 ± 3,8o), distalização (1,1 ± 1,1 mm) e extrusão (1,3 ± 2,1 mm). Os primeiros molares superiores foram distalizados por 1,2 ± 1,4 mm. Os primeiros pré-molares superiores, mesializados por 3,4 ± 1,1 mm. Os incisivos superiores mostraram leve inclinação labial de 4,3 ± 4,7o e foram protruídos por 2,4 ± 1,7 mm. Não existiram alterações significativas no perfil facial. O overjet aumentou 1,5 ± 1,1 mm, e o overbite não sofreu alterações significativas. Conclusão: o aparelho Distal Jet é eficaz para distalizar os primeiros molares superiores, mas promove aumento no ângulo do plano mandibular, inclinação distal, extrusão e distalização dos segundos molares superiores, mesialização dos primeiros pré-molares superiores, vestibularização e protrusão dos incisivos superiores e aumento do overjet, quando comparado a um grupo de controle.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study evaluated the dental, skeletal and soft tissue effects in Class II malocclusion patients treated with Distal Jet appliance, compared to an untreated control group. Methods: 44 patients with Class II malocclusion were divided into two groups: Group 1 (experimental) - 22 patients, mean age of 12.7 years, treated with the Distal Jet appliance for a mean period of 1.2 years; Group 2 (control) - 22 untreated patients, mean age of 12.2 years, followed by a mean period of 1.2 years. Lateral cephalograms were obtained before treatment (T0) and at the end of the distalization (T1).Independent t test was used to identify intergroup differences. Results: When compared to control group, the Distal Jet produced a significant increase in mandibular plane angle (0.7 ± 2.0o). The maxillary second molars presented distal inclination (6.6 ± 3.8o), distalization (1.1 ± 1.1 mm) and extrusion (1.3 ± 2.1 mm). The maxillary first molars distalized by 1.2 ± 1.4 mm. The maxillary first premolars mesialized by 3.4 ± 1.1 mm. The maxillary incisors showed slight labial tipping of 4.3 ± 4.7o and were protruded by 2.4 ± 1.7 mm. There were no significant changes in the facial profile. The overjet increased 1.5 ± 1.1 mm and overbite had no significant changes. Conclusion: The Distal Jet appliance is effective to distalize the maxillary first molars, but promotes increase in mandibular plane angle, distal inclination, extrusion and distalization of maxillary second molars, mesialization of maxillary first premolars, proclination and protrusion of maxillary incisors, and increase in overjet, when compared to a control group.

Resumo Objetivo: o objetivo desse estudo foi comparar as alterações cefalométricas em pacientes com má oclusão de Classe II, divisão 1, tratados com o aparelho Jones Jig ou com extrações dos primeiros pré-molares superiores. Métodos: a amostra consistiu de 88 telerradiografias laterais de 44 pacientes, que foram divididos em dois grupos. O Grupo 1 consistiu de 21 pacientes tratados com o aparelho Jones Jig, com idade inicial média de 12,88 ± 1,23 anos e idade final média de 17,18 ± 1,37 anos, com tempo médio de tratamento de 4,29 anos. O Grupo 2 compreendeu 23 pacientes tratados com extrações dos primeiros pré-molares superiores, com idade inicial média de 13,59 ± 1,91 anos, idade final média de 16,39 ± 1,97 anos, e tempo médio de tratamento de 2,8 anos. A comparação intergrupos das alterações dos tratamentos foi realizada pelos testes t e de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: a correção da Classe II no G2 (extrações dos primeiros pré-molares superiores) apresentou uma retrusão maxilar significativamente maior, redução da discrepância anteroposterior das bases apicais, menor aumento da altura facial anteroinferior e uma redução significativamente maior do trespasse horizontal do que no G1 (aparelho Jones Jig). Conclusões: o tratamento com extrações dos primeiros pré-molares superiores promoveu maior redução do trespasse horizontal, mas os dois protocolos de tratamento produziram alterações semelhantes no perfil tegumentar.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the cephalometric changes in Class II division 1 malocclusion patients treated with Jones Jig appliance or with maxillary first premolar extractions. Methods: The sample consisted of 88 lateral cephalograms of 44 patients, divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 21 patients treated with Jones Jig appliance, with a mean initial age of 12.88 ± 1.23 years and final mean age of 17.18 ± 1.37 years, and a mean treatment time of 4.29 years. Group 2 comprised 23 patients treated with maxillary first premolar extractions, with a mean initial age of 13.59 ± 1.91 years and mean final age of 16.39 ± 1.97 years, and a mean treatment time of 2.8 years. Intergroup treatment changes were compared with t and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Class II correction in G2 (maxillary first premolar extractions) presented significantly greater maxillary retrusion, reduction of anteroposterior apical base discrepancy, smaller increase in the lower anterior face height and significantly greater overjet reduction than G1 (Jones Jig). Conclusions: Treatment with maxillary first premolar extractions produced greater overjet reduction, but the two treatment protocols produced similar changes in the soft tissue profile.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a atratividade e a percepção estética do sorriso com alterações simétricas e assimétricas dos zênites gengivais, por leigos, dentistas e ortodontistas. Métodos: foram tiradas fotografias posadas de cinco pacientes, de forma padronizada. Cada fotografia foi digitalmente manipulada no software Keynote, na região do zênite gengival, em incrementos de 0,5 a 1 mm, nos incisivos centrais e laterais superiores, de maneira simétrica e assimétrica, de nove formas diferentes para cada paciente. Posteriormente, essas fotografias foram dispostas em um website para que os avaliadores pudessem observá-las e, conforme sua percepção estética, dessem notas de 1 a 10, sendo 1 para pouco atrativa e 10 para muito atrativa. Foram utilizados os testes Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney para as comparações. Resultados: os zênites gengivais assimétricos foram considerados menos atrativos do que os simétricos. Diferenças entre os zênites gengivais maiores que 1 mm foram perceptíveis na atratividade do sorriso por todos os grupos de avaliadores. Quando comparados os incisivos centrais e laterais superiores, as alterações estéticas feitas nos incisivos centrais foram mais perceptíveis do que as feitas nos laterais, tanto as simétricas quanto as assimétricas. Os ortodontistas e os clínicos gerais foram mais críticos ao avaliar e perceber as alterações, com os leigos percebendo essa mudança somente a partir de 1 mm de alteração assimétrica no incisivo central superior direito. Conclusões: zênites gengivais assimétricos são menos atrativos do que os simétricos. Diferenças nos zênites maiores que 1 mm são perceptíveis na atratividade do sorriso. Ortodontistas e clínicos gerais são mais críticos ao avaliar sorrisos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the smile attractiveness of different gingival zeniths by general dentists, orthodontists and laypersons and the esthetic perception in the symmetric and asymmetric changes in gingival zeniths. Methods: Posed photographs of five patients were taken and digitally manipulated in Keynote software, in the gingival zenith region, in increments of 0.5 to 1mm in maxillary central and lateral incisors, symmetrically and asymmetrically, in nine different ways for each patient. The photos were then uploaded to a website, where evaluators (general dentists, orthodontists and laypersons) could observe and vote according to their esthetic perception, scoring from 1 to 10, 1 being the least attractive and 10 the more attractive. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparison. Results: Asymmetric gingival zeniths were less attractive than symmetrical gingival zeniths; gingival zenith differences greater than 1mm were perceptible in the smile attractiveness, both by laypersons, general dentists and orthodontists. When comparing maxillary central incisors with maxillary lateral incisors, the aesthetic change performed in the central incisors are more perceptible than those performed in lateral incisors, both symmetrical and asymmetrical. In a general way, orthodontists and general dentists are more critical in the evaluation and perception of gingival zenith changes, with the laypersons perceiving this change only from 1mm of maxillary right central incisor asymmetrical change. Conclusions: Asymmetric gingival zeniths are less attractive than symmetrical ones. Gingival zenith differences greater than 1mm are perceptible in the smile attractiveness. Orthodontists and general dentists are more critical in evaluating smile esthetics.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os efeitos esqueléticos, dentários e em tecidos moles do Aparelho de Protração Mandibular (APM) em pacientes adolescentes e adultos com má oclusão de Classe II. Métodos: a amostra consistiu das telerradiografias pré- e pós-tratamento de 39 indivíduos com má oclusão de Classe II tratados com APM e aparelhos fixos. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: o Grupo 1 compreendeu 23 indivíduos (10 homens e 13 mulheres), com idade inicial de 11,75 anos, com um tempo médio de tratamento de 3,32 anos; o Grupo 2 incluiu 16 pacientes (7 do sexo masculino e 9 do sexo feminino), com idade média inicial de 22,41 anos, com um tempo médio de tratamento de 4,24 anos. A comparação intergrupos dos estágios inicial e final e das alterações com o tratamento foi realizada com testes t, considerando-se um nível de significância de p< 0,05. Resultados: os adultos apresentaram quantidades menos significativas de alterações esqueléticas, dentoalveolares e de tecidos moles do que os adolescentes. Houve uma inclinação palatina significativamente maior dos incisivos superiores e retrusão do lábio superior nos adolescentes. O grupo de adultos apresentou maior proclinação dos incisivos inferiores no estágio pós-tratamento. Conclusão: pacientes adultos tratados com APM apresentaram quantidades menos significativas de alterações esqueléticas, dentoalveolares e de tecidos moles do que os adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue effects of the Mandibular Protraction Appliance (MPA) application in adolescent and adult Class II malocclusion patients. Methods: The sample comprised the pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 39 subjects presenting Class II malocclusion treated with the MPA and fixed appliances. Sample was divided into two groups: Group 1 comprised 23 subjects (10 male; 13 female), at a mean pretreatment age of 11.75 years, with a mean treatment time of 3.32 years; Group 2 included 16 subjects (7 male; 9 female), at a mean pretreatment age of 22.41 years, with a mean treatment time of 4.24 years. Intergroup comparison of the initial and final stages and treatment changes between the groups was performed with t tests, at p< 0.05. Results: The adults showed less significant amounts of skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes than the adolescents. There was significantly greater palatal tipping of the maxillary incisors and retrusion of the upper lip in the adolescents. The adult group showed greater mandibular incisor proclination in the posttreatment stage. Conclusion: Adult patients treated with MPA showed less significant amounts of skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes than adolescents.

Abstract Coated archwires and ceramic brackets have been developed to improve facial esthetics during orthodontic treatment. However, their mechanical behavior has been shown to be different from metallic archwires and brackets. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the deflection forces in coated nickel-titanium (NiTi) and esthetic archwires combined with ceramic brackets. Material and Methods Non-coated NiTi (NC), rhodium coated NiTi (RC), teflon coated NiTi (TC), epoxy coated NiTi (EC), fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP), and the three different conventional brackets metal-insert polycrystalline ceramic (MI-PC), polycrystalline ceramic (PC) and monocrystalline ceramic (MC) were used. The specimens were set up on a clinical simulation device and evaluated in a Universal Testing Machine (Instron). An acrylic device, representative of the right maxillary central incisor was buccolingually activated and the unloading forces generated were recorded at 3, 2, 1 and 0.5 mm. The speed of the testing machine was 2 mm/min. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to compare the different archwires and brackets. Results The brackets presented the following decreasing force ranking: monocrystalline, polycrystalline and polycrystalline metal-insert. The decreasing force ranking of the archwires was: rhodium coated NiTi (RC), non-coated NiTi (NC), teflon coated NiTi (TC), epoxy coated NiTi (EC) and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). At 3 mm of unloading the FRP archwire had a plastic deformation and produced an extremely low force in 2; 1 and 0.5 mm of unloading. Conclusion Combinations of the evaluated archwires and brackets will produce a force ranking proportional to the combination of their individual force rankings.

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the deflection forces of Nitinol orthodontic wires placed in different types of brackets: metallic, reinforced polycarbonate with metallic slots, sapphire, passive and active self-ligating, by assessing strength values variation according to gradual increase in wire diameter and deflection and comparing different combinations in the different deflections. Material and Methods: Specimens were set in a clinical simulation model and evaluated in a Universal Testing Machine (INSTRON 3342), using the ISO 15841 protocol. Data were subjected to One-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey tests (p<0.05). Results: Self-ligating brackets presented the most similar behavior to each other. For conventional brackets there was no consistent behavior for any of the deflections studied. Conclusions: Self-ligating brackets presented the most consistent and predictable results while conventional brackets, as esthetic brackets, showed very different patterns of forces. Self-ligating brackets showed higher strength in all deflections when compared with the others, in 0.020-inch wires.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a eficiência de dois protocolos de intrusão de molares superiores com dois e três mini-implantes. Métodos: foram selecionados 25 primeiros molares superiores extruídos por perda de seus antagonistas, de pacientes adultos. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos, de acordo com o protocolo de intrusão, com dois ou três mini-implantes: o Grupo 1 consistiu de 15 molares que sofreram intrusão com dois mini-implantes; o Grupo 2 foi constituído por 10 molares intruídos por três mini-implantes. As alterações com o tratamento foram analisadas em telerradiografias em norma lateral ao início e ao final da intrusão dos molares superiores. Resultados: os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença na eficiência dos dois protocolos de intrusão. Concluiu-se que molares superiores extruídos podem ser intruídos, com eficiência semelhante, por meio de dois ou três mini-implantes.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of two protocols for maxillary molar intrusion with two or three mini-implants. Methods: Twenty five maxillary first molars extruded for loss of their antagonists in adult subjects were selected. The sample was divided into two groups, according to the intrusion protocol with two or three mini-implants. Group 1 consisted of 15 molars that were intruded by two mini-implants. Group 2 consisted of 10 molars intruded by three mini-implants. Changes with treatment were analyzed in lateral cephalograms at the beginning and at the end of intrusion of maxillary molars. Results: Results showed that there was no difference in efficiency for the two intrusion protocols. It was concluded that extruded maxillary molars can be intruded with two or three mini-implants with similar efficiency.

Resumo Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a expressão do torque em braquetes autoligáveis ativos e passivos e nos convencionais. Métodos: no total, 300 segmentos de fio de aço inoxidável 0,019" x 0,025" foram usados. Seis diferentes marcas de braquetes foram analisadas (Damon 3MX, Portia, In-Ovation R, Bioquick, Roth SLI, Roth Max). Os momentos de torque foram medidos em 120, 240, 360 e 480, utilizando-se um dispositivo de torção de fio associado a uma máquina de ensaios universal. Os dados obtidos foram comparados pela análise de variância, seguida de teste de Tukey para comparações múltiplas. A análise de regressão foi realizada pelo método dos mínimos quadrados, para gerar uma equação matemática da curva ótima de cada marca de braquete. Resultados: foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na expressão do torque entre todas as marcas de braquetes avaliadas e em todas as torções testadas (p < 0,05). Encontrou-se que o Bioquick apresentou a menor expressão do torque em todas as torções testadas; em contraste, o braquete Damon 3MX apresentou a maior expressão do torque até a torção de 360. Conclusões: o sistema de ligação entre fio e braquete (autoligável ativo ou passivo, ou convencional com ligadura elástica) parece não interferir na expressão final do torque, a qual é dependente da interação entre o fio e o braquete escolhido para ser utilizado na mecânica ortodôntica.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compare torque expression in active and passive self-ligating and conventional brackets. Methods: A total of 300 segments of stainless steel wire 0.019 x 0.025-in and six different brands of brackets (Damon 3MX, Portia, In-Ovation R, Bioquick, Roth SLI and Roth Max) were used. Torque moments were measured at 12°, 24°, 36° and 48°, using a wire torsion device associated with a universal testing machine. The data obtained were compared by analysis of variance followed by Tukey test for multiple comparisons. Regression analysis was performed by the least-squares method to generate the mathematical equation of the optimal curve for each brand of bracket. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the expression of torque among all evaluated bracket brands in all evaluated torsions (p < 0.05). It was found that Bioquick presented the lowest torque expression in all tested torsions; in contrast, Damon 3MX bracket presented the highest torque expression up to 36° torsion. Conclusions: The connection system between wire/bracket (active, passive self-ligating or conventional with elastic ligature) seems not to interfere in the final torque expression, the latter being probably dependent on the interaction between the wire and the bracket chosen for orthodontic mechanics.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of simvastatin on relapse of tooth movement in rats using microtomography (micro CT), as well as the correlation of bone density with the orthodontic relapse.METHODS: Twenty-five adult male Wistar rats, divided into two groups, had stainless steel springs installed on left maxillary first molar. The molars were moved for 18 days, and after removing the springs, were applied by oral gavage, 5mg/kg of simvastatin in the experimental group for 20 days. Tooth relapse was assessed with a micro CT scanner, and the images chosen through the Data Viewer software 1.5.0.0 had their measurement guides made and checked by the software Image ProR plus 5.1, and compared by Mann-Whitney test. After rats were sacrificed, bone mineral density was evaluated by micro CT through the software CT Analyzer 1.13 and compared by independent T-test, as well as by Spearman correlation test.RESULTS: Relapse and bone mineral density (BMD) was lower in the experimental group than in the control group, however without a statistically significant difference.CONCLUSION: Simvastatin did not inhibit the relapse of tooth movement in rats, and there was no correlation between bone density and orthodontic relapse.

This study aimed to assess and compare the overall and anterior ratios of tooth size discrepancies in all Angle malocclusion groups. The following null hypothesis (H0) was tested: no difference between tooth size discrepancies (overall and anterior) would be observed among Angle malocclusion groups. The sample comprised of 711 pre-orthodontic treatment study casts of Brazilian patients with a mean age of 17.42 years selected from private practices in Brazil. The casts were divided into 3 groups according to the type of malocclusion: Class I (n = 321), Class II (n = 324), and Class III patients (n = 66). The measurement of the greatest mesiodistal width of the teeth was performed using a centesimal precision digital caliper directly on the study casts, from the distal surface of the left first molar to the distal surface of the right first molar. The overall and anterior ratios between the maxillary and mandibular teeth were evaluated using Bolton’s method. The following statistical tests were applied: chi-square, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results showed that all Angle malocclusions groups exhibited a ratio compatible with those recommended by Bolton. With respect to the overall and anterior ratios among the malocclusion groups, no statistically significant differences were found. The null hypothesis was accepted because the results showed no differences in the overall and anterior ratios of tooth size discrepancies among different Angle malocclusion groups.