Resumo Introdução: A dor lombar inespecífica (DL) pode ser compreendida através da interação de fatores biopsicossociais, como por exemplo a educação. Infelizmente, ainda não é sabido se a educação é uma característica social importante como fator de risco e prognóstico para a ocorrência de DL. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre educação e ocorrência de DL. Métodos: Buscas em MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, AMED e PsyINFO. Resultados: Incluídos 13 estudos na revisão. Para o risco de viés foi utilizado a Prevalence Critical Appraisal Instrument (PCAI) obtendo na avaliação da qualidade metodológica os escores menor e maior de 7 e 10 em uma escala de 0 a 10. Amostra geral compreendeu prevalência de DL no momento da avaliação de 23% (IC95% 13 até 37), sendo 10582 o número de casos em 99457. Meta-analysis com estudos investigando prevalência de DL no momento da avaliação em pessoas de baixo, médio e alto nível educacional estimou respectivamente os valores 24% (IC95% 12 até 43), 27% (IC95% 9 até 56), e 18% (IC95% 5 até 50). Meta-regressão identificou heterogeneidade entre os estudos incluídos e essa pode ser explicada pelo nível educacional (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Ocorrência de DL varia de acordo com o nível educacional, onde indivíduos com nível educacional mais alto possuem menor ocorrência de DL quando comparados com indivíduos com nível educacional baixo ou médio.

Abstract Introduction: Non-specific low back pain (LBP) can be understood through the interaction of biopsychosocial factors such as education. Unfortunately, it remains unclear whether education can be considered an important risk and prognostic factor for the occurrence of LBP. Objective: To investigate the association between education and LBP. Methods: The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, AMED and PsyINFO. Results: Thirteen studies were included in the review. The Prevalence Critical Appraisal Instrument (PCAI) was used to assess risk of bias. Methodological quality scores ranged from 7 to 10 on a scale of 0-10. There was a 23% (95% CI, 13-37) prevalence of LBP (10,582 out of a total of 99,457 cases) in the general sample at the time of assessment. The meta-analysis of studies on the prevalence of LBP in people with low, medium or high educational level found the following results, respectively: 24% (95% CI, 12-43), 27% (95% CI, 9-56), and 18% (95% CI, 5-50). The meta-regression identified heterogeneity among the studies included in the review. This can be explained by educational differences (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Occurrence of LBP varies according to educational level. Individuals with higher educational levels are less often affected by LBP than individuals with medium or low educational levels.

ABSTRACT Introduction Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain in children and adolescents is responsible for substantial personal impacts and societal costs, but it has not been intensively or systematically researched. This means our understanding of these conditions is limited, and healthcare professionals have little empirical evidence to underpin their clinical practice. In this article we summarise the state of the evidence concerning MSK pain in children and adolescents, and offer suggestions for future research. Results Rates of self-reported MSK pain in adolescents are similar to those in adult populations and they are typically higher in teenage girls than boys. Epidemiological research has identified conditions such as back and neck pain as major causes of disability in adolescents, and in up to a quarter of cases there are impacts on school or physical activities. A range of physical, psychological and social factors have been shown to be associated with MSK pain report, but the strength and direction of these relationships are unclear. There are few validated instruments available to quantify the nature and severity of MSK pain in children, but some show promise. Several national surveys have shown that adolescents with MSK pain commonly seek care and use medications for their condition. Some studies have revealed a link between MSK pain in adolescents and chronic pain in adults. Conclusion Musculoskeletal pain conditions are often recurrent in nature, occurring throughout the life-course. Attempts to understand these conditions at a time close to their initial onset may offer a better chance of developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Resumo A prevalência de lombalgia deverá aumentar em todo o mundo com o envelhecimento da população, mas sua prevalência em idosos não é clara, principalmente, em países em desenvolvimento.Estimar a prevalência de lombalgia em idosos brasileiros.Foram feitas buscas eletrônicas nas bases de dados SciELO, Lilacs, Medline, Embase e Cinahl, bem como uma busca manual de estudos que investigaram a prevalência de lombalgia em idosos brasileiros com 60 anos ou mais. Dois revisores independentes selecionaram os estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, avaliaram o risco de viés de cada estudo incluído e extraíram os dados relevantes. Foi feita uma metanálise quando houve homogeneidade suficiente entre os estudos e o sistema Grade foi usado para resumir a qualidade geral das evidências.Foram incluídos 16 estudos originais com um total de 28.448 participantes. Foram obtidos dados de prevalência pontual e prevalência no período da lombalgia. Foi feita metanálise de 13 estudos que reportaram a prevalência pontual. A prevalência pontual agrupada de lombalgia foi de 25% = 15% (IC 95% 18 a 32). Outros três estudos investigaram a prevalência no período: em uma semana (IC 95% 13 a 18); em seis meses = 43% (95% IC 42 a 44); e em 12 meses = 13% (IC 95% 11 a 16). Foram feitas análises sensitivas da prevalência pontual e a exclusão de estudos com baixa qualidade metodológica aumentou a prevalência estimada de lombalgia.Evidências de qualidade moderada mostram que em um dado momento no tempo um em cada quatro idosos brasileiros apresenta lombalgia. Esta foi a primeira revisão sistemática que investigou dados nacionais sobre a prevalência de lombalgia em pessoas idosas, contribuindo com importantes evidências clínicas e epidemiológicas para os gestores e profissionais de saúde.

Abstract Introduction Prevalence of low back pain (LBP) is expected to increase worldwide with aging of the population but its prevalence in older people is not clear, mainly in developing countries. Objective To estimate the prevalence of LBP in older Brazilians. Methods Electronic searches on SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL, as well as hand-searching identified studies investigating prevalence of LBP in older Brazilians aged 60 years or over. Two independent reviewers selected studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria, assessed risk of bias for each included study and extracted relevant data. Meta-analysis was conducted when enough homogeneity allowed and the GRADE system was used to summarize the overall quality of the evidence. Results Sixteen studies were included with a total of 28,448 participants. Data from point- and period-prevalence of LBP were obtained. Meta-analysis was conducted for 13 studies reporting point-prevalence. Pooled point-prevalence of LBP was 25.0% (95% CI 18.0–32.0). Other three studies investigated period-prevalence: one-week prevalence = 15.0% (95% CI 13.0–18.0); six-month prevalence = 43.0% (95% CI 42.0–44.0); and 12-month prevalence = 13.0% (95% CI 11.0–16.0). Sensitivity analyses were performed for point-prevalence and exclusion of studies with poorer methodological quality tended to increase the estimated prevalence of LBP. Conclusion Moderate-quality evidence showed that at any point in time one in four older Brazilians suffers from LBP. This was the first systematic review investigating nationwide data on the prevalence of LBP in older people and contributes important clinical and epidemiological evidence for policymakers.