RESUMO Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se uma única sessão de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) promoveria efeito hipotensor e risco cardiovascular em mulheres hipertensas, bem como aumentar a biodisponibilidade de óxido nítrico. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 10 mulheres hipertensas (63,7 ± 10,34 anos; 66, ± 7,67 kg e 153,7 ± 9,08 cm) e a carga de treinamento foi estabelecida em 60% da velocidade aeróbica máxima. Resultados: Observamos um efeito hipotensor muito alto entre os momentos de interação durante a intervenção (Int. Pré: 122,40 ± 18,58; Int. Pós: 143,00 ± 24,90; Int. Pós 60 min.: 121,40 ± 13,87; p < 0,001, η2P = 0,569). Nenhum risco cardiovascular foi observado durante a intervenção (DP = Int. Pré: 9138,20 ± 1805,34; Int. Pós: 14849,70 ± 3387,94; Int. Pós: 60 min.: 9615,90 ± 1124,41, p < 0,001, η2P = 0,739) e não houve aumento da biodisponibilidade de óxido nítrico. Conclusões: Em conclusão, este trabalho revela que uma sessão de HIIT é capaz de gerar efeito hipotensor sem apresentar risco cardiovascular em mulheres hipertensas. Nível de evidência I; Estudo clínico randomizado de alta qualidade com ou sem diferença estatisticamente significativa, mas com intervalos de confiança estreitos .

ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a single session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would promote a hypotensive effect and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive women, in addition to increasing the bioavailability of nitric oxide. Methods: The sample consisted of 10 hypertensive women (63.7 ± 10.34 years; 66 ± 7.67 kg and 153.7 ± 9.08 cm) and the training load was established at 60% of the maximum aerobic speed. Results: We observed a very high hypotensive effect between the interaction moments during the intervention (Int. Pre: 122.40 ± 18.58; Int. Post: 143.00 ± 24.90; Int. Post 60min: 121.40 ± 13.87; p<0.001, η2P = 0.569). No cardiovascular risk was observed during the intervention (DP = Int. Pre: 9138.20 ± 1805.34; Int. Post: 14849.70 ± 3387.94; Int. Post 60min: 9615.90 ± 1124.41, p< 0.001, η2P = 0.739) and there was no increase in the bioavailability of nitric oxide. Conclusion: In conclusion, this work reveals that an HIIT session is capable of generating a hypotensive effect while not posing cardiovascular risk in hypertensive women. Level of evidence I; High-quality randomized clinical trial with or without statistically significant difference, but with narrow confidence intervals .

RESUMEN Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si una única sesión de entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) podría promover un efecto hipotensor y riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres hipertensas, así como aumentar la biodisponibilidad del óxido nítrico. Métodos: La muestra fue compuesta por 10 mujeres hipertensas (63,7 ± 10,34 años; 66 ± 7,67 kg y 153,7 ± 9,08 cm) y la carga de entrenamiento se estableció en el 60% de la velocidad aeróbica máxima. Resultados: Se observó un efecto hipotensor muy elevado entre los momentos de interacción durante la intervención (Int. Pre: 122,40 ± 18,58; Int. Post: 143,00 ± 24,90; Int. Post 60 min: 121,40 ± 13,87; p <0,001, η2P = 0,569). No se observó ningún riesgo cardiovascular durante la intervención (DP = Int. Pre: 9138,20 ± 1805,34; Int. Post: 14849,70 ± 3387,94; Int. Post 60 min: 9615,90 ± 1124,41, p <0,001, η2P = 0,739) y no hubo aumento de la biodisponibilidad de óxido nítrico. Conclusiones: En conclusión, este trabajo revela que una sesión de HIIT es capaz de generar efecto hipotensor sin presentar riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres hipertensas. Nivel de evidencia I; Estudio clínico aleatorizado de alta calidad con o sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa, pero con intervalos de confianza estrechos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to use estrus synchronization protocols to favor fixed-time artificial insemination and consequently fixed-time embryo collection, and increase embryo production using eCG, in gits. In a cross over design, nine Piau breed gilts were subjected to 18 days of oral progesterone; P4 group did not receive any further; GnRH group received 25µg of GnRH 104 hours after the final application of P4; and eCG+GnRH group received 1000IU of eCG 24 hours after the final P4 in addition to GnRH for subsequent embryo collection, that was performed six days after first AI, by laparotomy. Artificial insemination was performed after 12 and 24 hours of estrus in P4 group, and 128 and 144 hours in GnRH and eCG+GnRH groups. The number of CL (8.6±3.9; 8.3±2.1; 26.7±15.0) and anovulatory follicles (4.3±3.7; 3.9±3.9; 17.2±9.5) was higher in the eCG+GnRH gilts (P<0.05). However, the use of 1000 IU of eCG reduced (P<0.05) the number of total structures (5.2±3.6; 5.1±3.1; 1.7±2.7), viable embryos (5.0±3.5; 4.8±3.3; 0.4±0.7), freezable embryos (3.6±3.4; 3.3±3.8; 0.1±0.3) and recovery rate (63.7±38.9; 58.6±24.7; 5.38±9.5). P4 and GnRH protocols were effective in the production and recovery of embryos. However, the use of 1000 IU of eCG, 24 hours after P4, was not effective in promoting the production of embryos, although the animals had superovulated.

Resumo: Os microrganismos de solo apresentam uma grande diversidade, envolvendo grupos taxonomicamente distintos que desempenham papel na decomposição da matéria orgânica, ciclagem de nutrientes, agregação dos solos, dentre outros. Nesta diversidade, os fungos do gênero Trichoderma tem apresentado sucesso como agentes de biocontrole de fitopatógenos, como promotores de crescimento de plantas e, ainda, como indutores de resistência de plantas a doenças. Além disso, são importantes na sustentabilidade dos ecossistemas naturais. Com o objetivo de verificar a densidade populacional de fungos do gênero Trichoderma em ambientes naturais e agroecossistemas, em área de Cerrado, amostras de solos e raízes oriundas de vegetação nativa e de sistema de produção agroecológica foram coletadas na região do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Os pontos de coleta foram selecionados aleatoriamente, e cada amostra de solo ou raiz foi acondicionada individualmente. O solo aderido às raízes foi removido para as avaliações. Foram realizadas diluições seriadas das amostras e contagem do número de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias (UFCs) de isolados de Trichoderma. Os resultados mostraram que o número de UFC variou dependendo da planta e da localidade avaliada. A substituição da vegetação nativa por sistemas de cultivo orgânicos não resultou em importante redução neste número.

Abstract: Soil microorganisms present a great diversity, involving taxonomically distinct groups that play a role in the decomposition of organic matter, nutrient cycling, soil aggregation, among others. In this diversity, the fungi of the genus Trichoderma have been successful plant pathogen biocontrol agents, as plant growth promoters and as inducers of plant resistance to diseases. In addition, they are important in the sustainability of natural ecosystems. Aiming to verify the population density of Trichoderma fungi in natural environments and agroecosystems, in Cerrado area, samples of soils and roots from native vegetation and agroecological production system were collected in the Federal District, Brazil. The collection points were randomly selected, and each soil or root sample was individually wrapped. The soil adhered to the roots was removed for evaluations. Serial sample dilutions and number of Colony Forming Units (CFUs) of Trichoderma isolates were performed. The results showed that the number of CFU varied depending on the plant and location evaluated. The replacement of native vegetation by organic farming systems did not result in a significant reduction in this number.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Several studies have been investigated co-activation can enhance the effectveness of PFM training protocols allowing preventive and therapeutic goals in pelvic floor dysfunctions. The objective of the present study was to investigate if an abdominal-pelvic protocol of training (APT) using gametherapy would allow co-activation of PFM and transversus abdominis/oblique internal (TrA/OI) muscles. Patients and methods: Twenty-five nulliparous, continent, young females, with median age 24.76 (±3.76) years were evaluated using digital palpation (DP) of PFM and surface electromyography of PFM and TrA/OI simultaneously, during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), alternating PFM and TrA/OI contraction requests. All women participated on a supervised program of APT using gametherapy, that included exercises of pelvic mobilization associated to contraction of TrA/OI muscles oriented by virtual games, for 30 minutes, three times a week, in a total of 10 sessions. Electromyographic data were processed and analyzed by ANOVA - analysis of variance. Results: When MVC of TrA/OI was solicited, it was observed simultaneous increase of electromyographic activity of PFM (p=0.001) following ATP. However, EMG activity did not change significantly during MVC of PFM. Conclusion: Training using gametherapy allowed better co-activation of pelvic floor muscles in response to contraction of TrA, in young nulliparous and continent women.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of abdominopelvic training by virtual reality compared to pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) using a gym ball (a previously tested and efficient protocol) on postmenopausal women’s pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength. Method A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 postmenopausal women, randomly allocated into two groups: Abdominopelvic training by virtual reality – APT_VR (n=30) and PFMT using a gym ball – PFMT_GB (n=30). Both types of training were supervised by the same physical therapist, during 10 sessions each, for 30 minutes. The participants’ PFM strength was evaluated by digital palpation and vaginal dynamometry, considering three different parameters: maximum strength, average strength and endurance. An intention-to-treat approach was used to analyze the participants according to original groups. Results No significant between-group differences were observed in most analyzed parameters. The outcome endurance was higher in the APT_VR group (p=0.003; effect size=0.89; mean difference=1.37; 95% CI=0.46 to 2.28). Conclusion Both protocols have improved the overall PFM strength, suggesting that both are equally beneficial and can be used in clinical practice. Muscle endurance was higher in patients who trained using virtual reality.

Resumo Quarenta e nove isolados de Trichoderma obtidos no centro-oeste do Brasil foram avaliados quanto a sua atividade antagônica in vitro contra Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (agente causal do mofo branco) e identificados com base nas sequências ITS do DNA ribossômico nuclear. Os testes de cultivo pareado mostram que todos os isolados exibiram algum antagonismo, com um máximo de 77% de inibiação micelial e inibição total da produção de escleródios. Dois isolados se destacaram como os mais promissores, considerando ambos os parâmetros avaliados (CEN1253 - T. koningiopsis e CEN1265 - T. brevicompactum). Cinco espécies diferentes foram identificadas: T. harzianum (23), T. spirale (9), T. koningiopsis (8), T. brevicompactum (7) and T. asperellum (2). Estes isolados estão armazenados na Coleção de Fungos para Controle Biológico da Embrapa e as informações obtidas nos experimentos serão incorporadas na base de dados de ativos biológicos, no sistema de informações de recursos genéticos, e disponibilizados para estudos futuros.

Abstract Forty-nine isolates of Trichoderma from the Brazilian Midwest were evaluated for their antagonistic activity in vitro against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (causal agent of white mold), which were then identified based on their nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. Paired culture tests showed that all isolates exhibited some antagonism, with a maximum of 77% mycelial inhibition and complete inhibition of sclerotia production. Two isolates were found to be the most promising biocontrol agents, considering both antagonistic parameters (CEN1253 - T. koningiopsis and CEN1265 - T. brevicompactum). Five different species were identified: T. harzianum (23), T. spirale (9), T. koningiopsis (8), T. brevicompactum (7) and T. asperellum (2). These isolates are stored in the Embrapa Fungi Collection for Biological Control and the information obtained in the experiments will be incorporated into the database of biological assets within the genetic resources information system (Allele) and be made available for further studies.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the intra and inter-rater reliability of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) dynamometric measurements for maximum and average strengths, as well as endurance. METHOD: A convenience sample of 18 nulliparous women, without any urogynecological complaints, aged between 19 and 31 (mean age of 25.4±3.9) participated in this study. They were evaluated using a pelvic floor dynamometer based on load cell technology. The dynamometric evaluations were repeated in three successive sessions: two on the same day with a rest period of 30 minutes between them, and the third on the following day. All participants were evaluated twice in each session; first by examiner 1 followed by examiner 2. The vaginal dynamometry data were analyzed using three parameters: maximum strength, average strength, and endurance. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was applied to estimate the PFM dynamometric measurement reliability, considering a good level as being above 0.75. RESULTS: The intra and inter-raters' analyses showed good reliability for maximum strength (ICCintra-rater1=0.96, ICCintra-rater2=0.95, and ICCinter-rater=0.96), average strength (ICCintra-rater1=0.96, ICCintra-rater2=0.94, and ICCinter-rater=0.97), and endurance (ICCintra-rater1=0.88, ICCintra-rater2=0.86, and ICCinter-rater=0.92) dynamometric measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The PFM dynamometric measurements showed good intra- and inter-rater reliability for maximum strength, average strength and endurance, which demonstrates that this is a reliable device that can be used in clinical practice.

O efeito antagônico exercido por fungos do gênero Trichoderma foi avaliado contra os fitopatógenos Sclerotium rolfsii e Verticillium dahliae, isolados de áster ornamental e morangueiro, respectivamente. Utilizaram-se 20 isolados do antagonista, pertencentes às espécies T. asperellum, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. koningiopsis, T. spirale e Trichoderma sp. O antagonismo foi verificado por meio de testes de culturas pareadas e produção de metabólitos bioativos pelo método de sobreposição de placas. A maioria dos isolados exibiu efeito inibitório sobre o crescimento micelial de S. rolfsii e V. dahliae quando comparado com as testemunhas. Excetuando-se os testes de produção de metabólitos não-voláteis, verificou-se maior ação inibitória contra V. dahliae. Mesmo os metabólitos não-voláteis termoestáveis apresentaram efeito inibitório contra ambos os patógenos testados, mostrando que os metabólitos secundários do antagonista exercem efeito significativo sobre essas espécies patogênicas.

The antagonistic effect shown by fungi of the genus Trichoderma was assessed against the plant pathogens Sclerotium rolfsii and Verticillium dahlia, isolated from ornamental aster and strawberry, respectively. Twenty isolates of the antagonist were employed; they belonged to the species T. asperellum, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. koningiopsis, T. spirale and Trichoderma sp. Antagonism was investigated by means of dual culture tests and bioactive metabolite production based on the overlapping plate method. Most selected isolates had an inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii and V. dahlia, compared to controls. Except for non-volatile metabolite production tests, inhibitory action against V. dahliae was highest. Even the thermostable non-volatile metabolites showed inhibitory effect against both tested pathogens, evidencing that the secondary metabolites of the antagonist have a significant effect on these pathogenic species.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The increase of the intensity of urinary symptoms in late pregnancy and postpartum has been well documented by several authors, but their causes remain uncertain, partly because of its probable multifactor origin. There are also controversies whether the etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms during pregnancy is the same as postpartum and whether the method of delivery could influence the risk of onset of urinary symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the urinary symptoms triggered during pregnancy and its evolution in the late puerperium, correlating them with the delivery method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted, which included 75 primigravidae women, classified according to method of delivery as: (VD) vaginal delivery with right mediolateral episiotomy (n = 28); (CS) elective caesarean section (n = 26); and (EC) emergency caesarean section (n = 21). Urinary symptoms were assessed in the last trimester of pregnancy and at 45 days (± 10) of puerperium with validated versions for Portuguese language of the following questionnaires: International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder (ICIQ-OAB). RESULTS: It was observed that frequency, urgency, nocturia and urge incontinence, triggered during pregnancy, decreased significantly in the postpartum period, regardless of the delivery method (p = 0.0001). However, symptoms related to urinary loss due to stress persisted after vaginal delivery (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Urgency, frequency and nocturia triggered during pregnancy tend to disappear in the late postpartum period, regardless of the delivery method, but the symptoms related to urinary loss due to stress tend to persist in late postpartum period after vaginal delivery.

OBJETIVOS: traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar o questionário International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder (ICIQ-OAB) para a língua portuguesa. MÉTODOS: dois tradutores brasileiros, cientes dos objetivos da pesquisa, traduziram o ICIQ-OAB para o português e as duas traduções geradas foram retrotraduzidas por outros dois tradutores ingleses. As diferenças entre as versões foram harmonizadas e pré-testadas em um estudo piloto. A versão final do ICIQ-OAB foi aplicada junto com a versão já traduzida e validada do questionário International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) em 142 pacientes, entre homens e mulheres, com sintomas miccionais irritativos. Para validação do ICIQ-OAB foram testadas propriedades psicométricas: confiabilidade (consistência interna e teste-reteste) e validade de construto. O reteste foi realizado quatro semanas após a primeira entrevista. RESULTADOS: a confiabilidade do instrumento foi avaliada por meio do Coeficiente α Cronbach, tendo como resultado geral 0,7. O teste-reteste avaliou a estabilidade do instrumento por meio do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e apresentou resultado de 0,91 e 0,95, quando comparados aos questionários ICIQ-OAB e ICIQ-SF, respectivamente. Comparando os instrumentos por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi encontrado 0,7 (p=0,0001), o que confirma a validade de critério do estudo. A validade concorrente foi avaliada pela correlação entre algumas variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas e o escore final do ICIQ-OAB. CONCLUSÃO: a versão em português do ICIQ-OAB traduzida e adaptada culturalmente para o português do Brasil apresentou confiabilidade e validade de constructo satisfatórias e foi considerada válida para avaliação dos sintomas miccionais irritativos de pacientes brasileiros de ambos os sexos.

PURPOSE: to translate, culturally adapt and validate the questionnaire "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder" (ICIQ-OAB) for the Portuguese Language. METHODS: two Brazilian translators acquainted with the objectives of this research translated the ICIQ-OAB into Portuguese and both translations were back-translated by two other native English speaking translators. The differences between the versions were brought to agreement and pre-tested in a pilot study. The final version of the ICIQ-OAB was applied together with the previously translated and tested version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) in 142 male and female patients with irritative urinary symptoms. For the validation of the ICIQ-OAB the following psychometric features were evaluated: reliability (internal consistency and test-retest) and validity of the survey. The retest was performed four weeks after the first interview. RESULTS: the reliability of the instrument was demonstrated through the Cronbach α Coefficient, with a general result of 0.7. The test-retest corroborated the stability of the instrument through the intraclass correlation coefficient and presented a result of 0.91 and 0.95 when compared to both the ICIQ-OAB and ICIQ-SF, respectively. When the instruments were compared by the Pearson correlation coefficient the result was 0.7 (p=0.0001), that confirms the validity of the study criterion. The concurrent validity was evaluated by the correlation between some clinical and sociodemographic variants and the ICIQ-OAB score. CONCLUSION: the culturally adapted version of the ICIQ-OAB translated into Brazilian Portuguese presented satisfactory reliability and survey validity and was considered valid for the evaluation of irritative urinary symptoms of Brazilian patients of both genders.

Esse estudo avaliou os efeitos dos níveis de biossólido no rendimento e na composição química do óleo essencial de Mentha piperita L. Plantas de menta foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação em vasos contendo o equivalente a 0, 28, 56 e 112 t.ha-1 de biossólido. Três avaliações foram realizadas aos 90, 110 e 120 dias após plantio (DAP). O óleo foi extraído da matéria seca da parte aérea por hidrodestilação e sua composição determinada por CG/EM. Sua produção foi afetada de modo discreto pelo biossólido, aumentando quando as plantas foram cultivadas com 28 t.ha-1, condição que não resultou em sua melhora de qualidade. O acetato de mentila foi o componente encontrado em maior porcentagem em todos os tratamentos. As plantas apresentaram aos 90 DAP maior percentagem de mentol, segundo maior constituinte do óleo, com conteúdo de 42,3% naquelas cultivadas sem biossólido. A presença do biossólido favoreceu a formação de mentofurano. Como o mentol, a mentona diminuiu com o desenvolvimento das plantas. Nessas condições, recomenda-se sua colheita aos 90 DAP, época em que o nível de mentol foi maior. Com o aumento de produção de lodo de esgoto, há necessidade de sua adequada destinação, havendo restrições para seu uso em relação ao ambiente e à planta. Assim, apesar de o cultivo com 28 t.ha-1 estar dentro do permitido pela legislação, essa condição, que aumentou o rendimento do óleo, não melhorou sua qualidade. Assim, o biossólido da Estação de Barueri não foi recomendável para o cultivo da espécie.

This research evaluated the effects of biosolid levels on yield and chemical composition of Mentha piperita L. essential oil. Mint plants were grown in a greenhouse in pots containing the equivalent to 0, 28, 56, and 112 t.ha-1 biosolid. Three evaluations were made at 90, 110, and 120 days after planting (DAP). The oil was extracted from the dry matter of shoots by hydrodistillation, and composition was determined by GC/MS. Oil production was slightly affected by the biosolid, increasing when plants were grown with 28 t.ha-1, a condition which did not result in quality improvement. Menthyl acetate was the component obtained at the highest percentage in all treatments. At 90 DAP, plants showed a higher percentage of menthol, the second-highest oil constituent, with a content of 42.3% in plants grown without biosolid. The presence of biosolid favored menthofuran formation. As with menthol, menthone decreased with plant development. Under these conditions, plant harvesting is recommended at 90 DAP, period in which the menthol level was higher. Since the production of biosolid is on the rise, a suitable destination must be given to it, and restrictions exist for its use in relation to the environment and plants. Thus, although cultivation with 28 t.ha-1 is within the limits allowed by law, such a rate, which increased oil yield, did not improve oil quality. Therefore, biosolid from the Barueri Station is not recommended for cultivation of this specie.