Abstract Diatomaceous earth is an organic naturally occurring material rich in silicon. This silicon source can be used in organic agriculture, it also has a great potential of use in the acclimatization of crops. However, there are no reports of the effects of diatomaceous earth supplementation on the micropropagation of sweet potato. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of diatomaceous earth applied in vitro on the growth, physiology and anatomy of sweet potato cv. ‘Brazlândia Branca’ after acclimatization. Four concentrations of diatomaceous earth. After 30 days of in vitro growth, the plants were transferred to a greenhouse for acclimatization. After 45 days, leaf number, shoot and root length, fresh and dry shoot and root mass, gas exchange, chlorophyll content, root and leaf anatomy. The experimental design was completely randomized. The supplementation of diatomaceous earth in the in vitro cultivation had beneficial effects, increasing the accumulation of mass, improving the photosynthetic apparatus and promoting favorable anatomical characteristics during the acclimatization of the sweet potato plants. In addition, the use of diatomaceous earth achieved adequate seedling development, with higher seedling quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic effects than attained with control treatment.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito de reguladores de crescimento de plantas (RCP) na indução de calos a partir de cotilédones de Enterolobium contortisiliquum cultivados in vitro, bem como avaliar a atividade inibitória de tripsina nestes calos. Cotilédones de E. contortisiliquum foram cultivados em meio de cultura suplementado com ácido diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D), picloram (PIC), cinetina (KIN) e 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP). Foram mensuradas, após 60 dias, massa de calo, atividade inibitória de tripsina, observações morfogenéticas e citoquímicas, e atividade biológica. O diagrama de Pareto mostrou que apenas 0,5 mg L-1 de PIC influenciou o aumento da massa fresca, enquanto 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP influenciou a massa seca. O gráfico de análise de componentes principais mostrou a formação de dois clusters claros. A atividade inibitória de tripsina é alcançada em maior intensidade no tratamento com 0,5 mg L-1 de 2,4-D + 2,0 mg L-1 de PIC + 0,5 mg L-1 de KIN + 2,0 mg L-1 de BAP. A combinação de RCP em diferentes doses causa intensa formação de calo. Baixas concentrações de RCP resultam em maior massa fresca, massa seca e atividade biológica. A utilização de RCP é eficiente na obtenção de calos de E. contortisiliquum com satisfatória atividade inibitória de tripsina.

Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators (PGR) on the induction of calli from cotyledons of Enterolobium contortisiliquum grown in vitro, as well as to evaluate the inhibitory activity of trypsin in these calli. Cotyledons of E. contortisiliquum were cultivated in culture medium supplemented with dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), picloram (PIC), kinetin (KIN), and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Callus mass, inhibitory activity of trypsin, morphogenetic and cytochemical observations, and biological activity were measured after 60 days. The Pareto diagram showed that only 0.5 mg L-1 PIC influenced the increase of fresh mass, whereas 0.5 mg L-1 BAP influenced dry mass. The principal component analysis plot showed the formation of two clear clusters. The inhibitory activity of trypsin is achieved at a higher intensity in the treatment with 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 2.0 mg L-1 PIC + 0.5 mg L-1 KIN + 2.0 mg L-1 BAP. The combination of PGR at different rates causes an intense callus formation. Low concentrations of PGR result in a higher fresh mass, dry mass, and biological activity. The use of PGR is efficient in obtaining E. contortisiliquum calli with a satisfactory inhibitory activity of trypsin.

RESUMO. Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. é uma palmeira nativa do bioma Cerrado, popularmente denominada coquinho azedo. Espécie considerada em extinção, devido a exploração extrativista intensiva de seus frutos, apresentando como agravante a propagação seminífera lenta e desuniforme. Por isso, existem alguns gargalos relacionados a produção dessa palmeira que precisa ser otimizado. A qualidade e intensidade de luz são muito importantes para a produção de mudas, pois controla o metabolismo das plantas e consequentemente seu crescimento e desenvolvimento. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de malhas fotoconversoras no crescimento e aspectos fisiológicos de mudas de coquinho azedo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, dez repetições e oito plantas por repetição, totalizando 400 plantas. Os tratamentos consistiram da utilização de malhas fotoconversoras com 50% de sombreamento, sob diferentes radiações proporcionadas: branca (985 µmol m-2 s-1), vermelha (327 µmol m-2 s-1), preta (433 µmol m-2 s-1), e prata (405 µmol m-2 s-1). As plantas mantidas a pleno sol (1000 µmol m-2 s-1) foram consideradas como o tratamento controle. Após seis meses foram realizadas análises de crescimento e fisiológicas. Conclui-se que a malha vermelha proporciona maior crescimento e aumento de biomassa das plantas de Butia capitata. No entanto, o uso de malhas fotoconversoras não influenciam nas características fisiológicas dessa espécie. A malha vermelha é a mais adequada para a produção de mudas de Butia capitata nas condições do Sul de Minas Gerais.

ABSTRACT. Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc., commonly known as jelly palm, is a palm tree native to the Cerrado biome. It is considered an endangered species owing to intensive extractive exploitation of its fruits, with slow and uneven seminiferous propagation as an aggravating factor. Thereby, there are some bottlenecks related to jelly palm seedling production that needs to be optimized. Light quality and intensity is very important to seedling production, as it controls the metabolism of plants and consequently their growth and development. Thus, the aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of shade nets on the growth and physiological aspects of jelly palm seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments, ten replicates and eight plants per replicate, totaling 400 plants. Experimental treatments consisted of the use of shade nets with 50% shading and different radiation intensity: white (985 µmol m-2 s-1), red (327 µmol m-2 s-1), black (433 µmol m-2 s-1), and silver (405 µmol m-2 s-1). Full sun (1000 µmol m-2 s-1) was used as the control treatment. Growth and physiological analyses of the plants were performed after six months of treatment. We concluded that the red shade net increases growth and biomass of Butia capitata plants. However, the use of shade nets had no effect on the tested physiological characteristics of this species. The red shade net is the most suitable for the production of Butia capitata seedlings in the southern region conditions of Minas Gerais State.

Resumo O gênero Physalis L. tem grande importância no âmbito da biodiversidade brasileira, especialmente na região amazônica. O uso de telas de sombreamento coloridas permitem a manipulação do espectro luminoso, e assim o fornecimento de luz em quantidade e qualidade adequadas para cada espécie maximizando a produção. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos de telas de sombreamento na produção e nos parâmetros qualitativos de frutos (diâmetros longitudinal e transversal e a biomassa do fruto com e sem cálice, produção e número de frutos por planta) de quatro espécies pertencentes ao gênero Physalis. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 5, sendo quatro espécies de fisális (P. peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima e P. ixocarpa) e quatro cores de telas fotoconversoras (branca, azul, vermelha e preta), além do tratamento controle a pleno sol. Os frutos foram colhidos semanalmente e avaliados quanto ao diâmetro longitudinal e transversal, e a biomassa do fruto com e sem cálice. Ao final, foram determinados a percentagem de biomassa do cálice em à relação a biomassa total do fruto, o número de frutos por planta e a produção. Verificou-se resposta diferenciada entre as espécies em relação à coloração das telas fotoconversoras. Plantas de P. peruviana apresentaram melhores parâmetros produtivos e qualitativos de frutos quando cultivadas a pleno sol ou sob tela branca, P. pubescens e P. minima quando cultivados a pleno sol ou sob telas branca e azul; e P. ixocarpa sob telas vermelha ou preta.

Abstract The genus Physalis L. has great importance in the framework of Brazilian biodiversity especially in the Amazon region. The use of colored shading nets allow manipulating the light spectrum, and thus supplying the appropriate quantity and quality of light for each species and maximizing production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of shade nets on fruit production and qualitative parameters of four species belonging to genus Physalis. The experimental design was random blocks with a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, four species of Physalis (P. peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa) and four colors of shade nets (white, blue, red and black), besides the control treatment under full sun exposure. Fruits were collected weekly and evaluated for longitudinal and transversal diameter and biomass with and without a calyx. Finally the percentage of calyx biomass compared to the total fruit biomass, number of fruits per plant and production were determined. A differentiated response was found among the species regarding the coloring of the converter shade nets. Plants of P. peruviana had the best productive and qualitative parameters of fruits when cultivated in full sunlight or under white shade nets, P. pubescens and P. minima when cultivated in full sunlight or under white and blue shade nets, and P. ixocarpa under red or black shade nets.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate morphological and physiological differences in anthurium plants in vitro, with the use of silicon added to the culture medium. Nodal segments were inoculated in Pierik with different sodium silicate concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg L-1). After 100 days in a growth room, phytotechnical characteristics were evaluated, physiological concentrations of silicon, photosynthetic pigments and microanalysis X-ray. A higher yield of chlorophyll a and b, was observed in plants supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 of sodium silicate. Anthurium plants showed better growth development with an increase in the number of leaves, dry weight and length of the aereal part in plants supplemented with 0.5 and 2.0 mg L-1 sodium silicate. It was also observed an increase in the number of roots of plants supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 of sodium silicate. The use of sodium silicate in culture medium improves the quality of plantlets with an increased absorption of nutrients in the plant Anthurium.