ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of clinical, anatomical, and ultrasound (US) characteristics of malignancies in Bethesda III or IV (III-B or IV-B) thyroid nodules. Subjects and methods: The association between malignancies and the following variables were analyzed: III-B or IV-B, age < 55 years and ≥ 55 years, sex, family history of thyroid cancer, history of irradiation, nodule size, and ACR TI-RADS classification in 62 participants who underwent thyroidectomy. Results: Of the 62 participants, 87.1% (54/62) were women, 74.2% were < 55 years old, 95.2% had no family history of thyroid cancer, 56.5% had nodules < 2 cm in size, 62.9% were IV-B, and 69.4% were ACR TI-RADS 4. Thirty-two patients had thyroid carcinoma, and 30 had benign histology. Among all factors associated with malignancy, only ACR TI-RADS 5 classification on US was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.014), while III-B with architectural atypia cytological classification was the only one significantly associated with benign status (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Only a high risk of malignancy as assessed using US was able to refine the indication for molecular tests in a group of patients with indeterminate nodules. We found 85% (53/62) of III-B or IV-B thyroid nodules would benefit from available molecular diagnostic tests.

Abstract Purpose To assess the action of pentoxifylline, administered by subcutaneous route, on skin flap tissue repair in rats, and to verify the histological aspects and biomarkers. Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (CT) and treated with pentoxifylline (P1, P3 and P5). Modified McFarlane technique flap was used. Ten days later, the animals were euthanized and the areas of viable and necrotic tissue were evaluated. Hematoxylin/eosin staining was used to assess the morphometric characteristics of the number of vessels and epithelial thickness. Picrosirius red was used to assess collagen density. VEGF and TGF-?1 levels on the skin flap and serum of the animals were measured by the ELISA method. Results The macroscopic evaluation of the skin flap dimensions showed reduced necrotic tissue in the pentoxifylline (p < 0.05) treated groups. There was an increase in angiogenesis and reepithelization, demonstrated by analyses with an increased number of vessels (p < 0.05), VEGF and epithelial thickness. Fibrogenic effect showed decreased collagen density and TGF-β1 in the skin flap and serum. Conclusion The benefits of pentoxifylline administered by subcutaneous route, at dose 100 mg/kg, which was effective to improve the survival of skin flap by acting on tissue repair components, stimulating angiogenesis and reepithelization, in addition to reducing fibrogenesis

Abstract Purpose: Comparing survival rates of rats subjected to spleen procedures after fecal peritonitis induction. Assessing changes in TCD4 and CD8 lymphocyte rates before and after the procedures. Correlating animal survival with CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were distributed into 3 groups of ten: spleen manipulation (SM); total splenectomy (TS); subtotal splenectomy with preservation of the inferior pole (IP). Rats were subjected to surgical procedure depending on the group. Seven days after surgery they underwent induction of peritonitis and survival time was recorded. All animals were subjected to two blood collections: before surgery and 70 days after it for TCD4/TCD8 lymphocyte counting. Results: Mean survival time was longer in the IP and SM groups and shorter in the TS group; there was significant difference between them. The comparison of the median number of CD4 did not present changes, whereas the comparison of the median number of CD8 decreased in the SM and IP groups. The correlation between the median number of TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocytes and the animals’ survival was not significant. Conclusion: The maintenance of splenic tissue contributed to increase the survival of rats and there was a change in the number of TCD8 lymphocytes.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on prevention of adhesions in the abdominal cavity after laparotomy. Methods: Fifty four rats underwent laparotomy; stitches were made in the four quadrant parietal peritoneum and abdominal cavity closure. Animals were divided into three groups: 1 - control; 2 - subjected to high pressures and oxygenation; 3 - subjected to 100% hyperbaric oxygenation. The animals in groups 2 and 3 were daily submitted to oxygenation hyperbaric chamber after surgery. On the seventh day another laparotomy, registration of procedure, assessment of adhesions and biopsies of the peritoneum were held. Professionals analyzed the videos and the biopsies. Results: Peritoneal cavity adhesions occurred in animals of three groups with no difference between them. In Group 3, the adhesions presented more fragile and vascular proliferation more pronounced, and there was no difference in comparison with the first and second groups. However, there was no significant difference in the evaluation of these parameters between the animals in groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: Postoperative hyperbaric oxygenation in rats submitted to laparotomy did not alter the frequency, but reduced the density of adhesions in the peritoneal cavity and promoted vascular proliferation. The change in atmospheric pressure alone had no influence on the results.

RESUMO Objetivos: verificar a influência do dimetilsulfóxido e da pentoxifilina na vitalidade e no processo de reparo tecidual de retalhos cutâneos em ratos. Método: foram estudados 30 ratos Wistar, nos quais foi confeccionado retalho cutâneo dorsal de 2cm de largura por 8cm de comprimento, de base caudal, e distribuídos em três grupos: Grupo Controle (n=10) com aplicação de gaze umedecida com solução salina a 0,9%, no leito do retalho, por 30 segundos; Grupo dimetilsulfóxido (n=10) com injeção de 1ml de dimetilsulfóxido a 5% divididos em cinco injeções de 0,2ml na transição dos segmentos do retalho; Grupo pentoxifilina (n=10) com injeção de 1ml pentoxifilina 20mg/kg, divididos em cinco injeções de 0,2ml na transição dos segmentos do retalho. Os fármacos foram administrados no transoperatório, em dose única e por via subcutânea. Os retalhos cutâneos foram observados quanto às alterações de cor e textura. No décimo dia de pós-operatório aferiu-se a dimensão do tecido viável e de necrose, seguido da exérese da peça para análise histológica. Resultados: a medida da dimensão de tecido viável e de necrose dos grupos não apresentou diferenças. A análise histológica mostrou que o grupo dimetilsulfóxido apresentou neovascularização, infiltrado inflamatório com leucócitos e estroma conjuntivo mais estruturado. O grupo pentoxifilina, mostrou neovascularização e infiltrado inflamatório com granulação moderada e intensa. O grupo controle evoluiu com maior índice de necrose no segmento distal. Conclusão: dimetilsulfóxido e pentoxifilina influenciaram na vitalidade do retalho e no processo de reparo tecidual. Entretanto, não evitaram a necrose macroscopicamente.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to verify the influence of dimethylsulfoxide and pentoxifylline on the vitality of cutaneous flaps in rats and the tissue repair process. Methods: were studied 30 Wistar rats, submitting them to a 2cm wide by 8cm long dorsal cutaneous flap, of caudal base. We distributed the animals in three groups: Control Group (n=10) with application gauze moistened with 0.9% Saline in the flap bed for 30 seconds; Dimethylsulfoxide group (n=10), with administration of 1ml of 5% dimethylsulfoxide divided into five injections of 0.2ml in the transition of the flap segments; Pentoxifylline group (n=10), with administration of pentoxifylline 20mg/kg, diluted to 1ml and divided into five injections of 0.2ml in the transition of the flap segments. Drugs were administered intraoperatively, in a single dose and subcutaneously. We observed the skin flaps for changes in color and texture. On the 10th postoperative day, we checked the dimensions of viable and necrotic tissues, followed by excision of the specimen for histological analysis. Results: the measurements of length of the viable and necrotic tissues between groups showed no differences. Histological analysis showed that the Dimethylsulfoxide group presented neovascularization, inflammatory infiltrate with leukocytes and more structured conjunctival stroma. The Pentoxifylline group showed neovascularization and inflammatory infiltrate, with moderate to intense granulation. The control group evolved with a higher rate of necrosis in the distal segment. Conclusion: dimethylsulfoxide and pentoxifylline influenced the vitality of the flap and the tissue repair process. However, they did not prevent necrosis macroscopically.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar o panorama do câncer de pele em comunidades pomeranas do Estado do Espírito Santo, compostas por descendentes de imigrantes europeus, quanto ao sexo e idade ao diagnóstico, tamanho da lesão e tipo histológico. Método: foram avaliados laudos histopatológicos de 3781 pacientes operados entre os anos de 2000 e 2010, com ressecção de 4881 lesões. Foram avaliados tipo histológico, tamanho das lesões, idade e sexo dos pacientes ao diagnóstico e suas correlações no período de 11 anos. Resultados: o exame histopatológico evidenciou carcinoma basocelular em 3159 pacientes (83,5%), carcinoma espinocelular em 415 (11%), melanoma em 64 (1,7%) e 143 pacientes (3,8%) apresentaram lesões combinadas de carcinoma basocelular e carcinoma espinocelular. Quanto ao tamanho, 47,1% media entre 5,1 e 10 mm. O grupo etário de 61 aos 70 anos foi o que sofreu o maior número de intervenções cirúrgicas (24,3%). Houve predomínio do sexo feminino (53,6%, n=2027) em relação ao masculino (46,4%, n=1754). Conclusão: o carcinoma basocelular foi o tipo histológico mais frequente. As prevalências do carcinoma espinocelular e do melanoma se situaram abaixo da estimativa nacional do Instituto Nacional de Câncer. O diagnóstico dos tumores ocorreu em idades mais avançadas (acima de 60 anos) e houve aumento da incidência e dimensões dos tumores de pele na população masculina.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the profile of skin cancer in Pomeranian communities of the State of Espírito Santo, composed of descendants of European immigrants, regarding gender and age at diagnosis, lesion size and histological type. Method: we studied histopathological reports of 3,781 patients operated between 2000 and 2010, with resection of 4,881 lesions. We assessed histological type, lesion size, age and gender of the patients at diagnosis and their correlations in the 11-year period. Results: the histopathological examination revealed basal cell carcinoma in 3,159 patients (83.5%), squamous cell carcinoma in 415 (11%), melanoma in 64 (1.7%), and 143 patients (3.8%) had combined lesions of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. As to size, 47.1% measured between 5.1 and 10mm. The age group of 61 to 70 years was the one that sustained the largest number of surgical interventions (24.3%). There was a predominance of the female gender (2,027, 53.6%) in relation to the male (1,754, 46.4%). Conclusion: basal cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological type. The prevalences of squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma were below the national estimate of the National Cancer Institute. The diagnosis of tumors occurred at more advanced ages (above 60 years) and there was an increase in the incidence and size of skin tumors in the male population.

PURPOSE: To investigate the vitality of the spleen lower pole after subtotal splenectomy with suture to the stomach and after posterior peritoneal gastro-splenic membrane section, using macro and microscopic evaluations. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were used in this study and were randomly distributed in the three groups: Group 1: (n=20), subtotal splenectomy with lower pole preservation, Group 2: (n=20) subtotal splenectomy with lower pole preservation and suture to the stomach, Group 3: subtotal splenectomy with lower pole preservation and posterior peritoneal gastrosplenic ligament section. The animals were sacrificed 45 days after the surgery and the spleen lower poles were removed for macroscopic and microscopic examination. RESULTS: All animals in this series survived. No macroscopic differences were encountered between the groups. Microscopic evaluation observed statistic difference concerning fibrosis between group 1 and 3 (p≤0.05), but the analysis for necrosis and inflammation presented no differences. CONCLUSION: Vitality of the spleen lower pole after subtotal splenectomy is minimally modified when it is fixed to the stomach or when the posterior peritoneal gastrosplenic ligament is resected.

<sec><title>OBJETIVO:</title><p>comparar o efeito da triancinolona injetável em cicatrizes queloidianas quanto ao número de células em apoptose e avaliar o efeito da triancinolona quanto às alterações no comprimento, altura e espessura dessas cicatrizes.</p></sec><sec><title>MÉTODOS:</title><p> estudo clínico longitudinal, prospectivo, controlado, aleatorizado, unicego, com 15 pacientes portadores de queloides de orelha distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo 1, com sete pacientes submetidos apenas às exéreses dos queloides; e grupo 2, com oito pacientes submetidos às exéreses das lesões após três sessões de infiltração de 1ml de hexacetonida de triancinolona (20mg/mL), com intervalos de três semanas entre elas, assim como entre a última sessão e a operação. Os dois grupos foram homogêneos quanto à: idade (p=0,867), sexo (p=0,782) e tempo de evolução da cicatriz queloidiana (p=0,779). As cicatrizes queloidianas dos pacientes do grupo 2 foram medidas quanto ao comprimento, altura e espessura antes da injeção da triancinolona e antes do procedimento cirúrgico. Um observador mascarado realizou detalhamento morfológico e quantificação das células nas peças cirúrgicas, coradas com HE. Foi criado um índice apoptótico.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTADOS:</title><p> os dois grupos foram homogêneos quanto à: idade (p=0,867), sexo (p=0,782) e tempo de evolução da cicatriz queloidiana (p=0,779). o índice apoptótico no grupo 1 foi 56,82 e no grupo 2, 68,55, sem diferença (p=0,0971). As reduções nas dimensões dos queloides dos grupos 2 foram 10,12% para o comprimento (p=0,6598), 11,94% para a altura (p=0,4981) e 15,62% para a espessura (p=0,4027).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSÃO:</title><p> a infiltração de triancinolona nas cicatrizes queloidianas não aumentou o número de apoptoses e não houve redução das dimensões, comprimento, altura e espessura dos queloides.</p></sec>

<sec><title>OBJECTIVE:</title><p>to assess the effects of injectable triamcinolone on keloid scars length, height and thickness, and on the number of cells undergoing apoptosis.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS:</title><p>This study consists in a prospective, controlled, randomized, single-blinded clinical trial, conducted with fifteen patients with ear keloids divided into two groups: group 1 - seven patients undergoing keloid excisions, and group 2 - eight patients undergoing keloid excisions after three sessions of infiltration with one ml of Triamcinolone hexacetonide (20mg/ml) with three week intervals between them and between the last session and surgery. The two groups were homogeneous regarding age, gender and evolution of the keloid scar. The keloid scars of patients in group 2 were measured for the length, height and thickness before triamcinolone injection and before surgery. A blinded observer performed morphological detailing and quantification of cells in hematoxylin-eosin-stained surgical specimens. An apoptotic index was created.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS:</title><p> The apoptotic index in group 1 was 56.82, and in group 2, 68.55, showing no significant difference as for apoptosis (p=0.0971). The reduction in keloid dimensions in Group 2 was 10.12% in length (p=0.6598), 11.94% in height (p=0.4981) and 15.62% in thickness (p=0.4027).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION:</title><p>This study concluded that the infiltration of triamcinolone in keloid scars did not increase the number of apoptosit and did not reduce keloids' size, length, height or thickness.</p></sec>

OBJETIVO: avaliar a importância do emprego, da broncoscopia flexível nos pacientes traqueostomizados em vias de decanulação para conhecer a incidência e os tipos de lesões laringotraqueais e comparar a presença destas lesões com os critérios clínicos utilizados para a decanulação. MÉTODOS: foram estudados 51 pacientes, com idade entre 19 e 87 anos, traquestomizados, com critérios clínicos de decanulação e com tempo médio de órtese traqueal de 46 ± 28 dias. Foram submetidos ao teste de tolerância à oclusão da cânula de traqueostomia por 24 horas, seguida da realização da broncoscopia flexível. As alterações laringotraqueais diagnosticadas foram descritas e classificadas. Comparou-se a indicação de decanulação por critérios clínicos com o diagnóstico de lesões laringotraqueais à broncoscopia que contraindicavam a decanulação. Identificaram-se os fatores que poderiam interferir na decanulação e avaliou-se a importância da broncoscopia como parte do processo. RESULTADOS: Apresentaram alterações laringotraqueais, 40 pacientes (80,4%). Dos 40 pacientes considerados clinicamente aptos à decanulação, oito (20%) (p=0,0007) apresentaram lesões laringotraqueais à broncoscopia que contraindicaram o procedimento. A alteração laríngea mais frequente foi lesão de pregas vocais em 15 (29%) e o granuloma, a lesão traqueal mais prevalente em 14 (27,5%) pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: a broncoscopia flexível evidenciou um número elevado de lesões laringotraqueais, sendo mais prevalentes a lesão de pregas vocais na laringe e o granuloma na traqueia, que contribuiu para aumentar a segurança do procedimento de decanulação.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the importance of flexible bronchoscopy in tracheostomy patients in the process of decannulation to assess the incidence and types of laryngotracheal injury and compare the presence of such lesions with clinical criteria used for decannulation. METHODS: We studied 51 tracheostomized patients aged between 19 and 87 years, with tracheal stent for a mean of 46 ± 28 days and with clinical criteria for decannulation. They were submitted to tracheostomy tube occlusion tolerance testfor 24 hours, and then to flexible bronchoscopy. We described and classified the diagnosed laryngotracheal changes. We compared the clinical criteria for decannulation indication with the bronchoscopy-diagnosed laryngotracheal injuries that contraindicated decannulation. We identified the factors that could interfere in decannulation and evaluated the importance of bronchoscopy as part of the process. RESULTS: Forty (80.4%) patients had laryngotracheal alterations. Of the 40 patients considered clinically fit to decannulation, eight (20%) (p = 0.0007) presented with laryngotracheal injuries at bronchoscopy that contraindicated the procedure. The most frequent laryngeal alteration was vocal cords lesion, in 15 (29%) individuals, and granuloma, the most prevalent tracheal lesion, in 14 (27.5%) patients. CONCLUSION: flexible bronchoscopy showed a large number of laryngotracheal injuries, the most frequent being the vocal cords injury in the larynx and the granuloma in the trachea, which contributed to increase the decannulation procedure safety.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether there are differences between the phagocytic function of the remaining lower spleen pole after subtotal splenectomy and autogenous splenic implants. METHODS: Thirty-six male Wistar rats, weighting 364 ± 60g were used. They were subjected to subtotal splenectomy preserving the lower spleen pole and to autogenous splenic implant in the greater omentum. Its viability was assessed microscopically. Phagocytic function was assessed by splenic uptake of the radioisotope-labeled colloid and by macrophages counting. RESULTS: The viability of the autogenous splenic implant and of the lower spleen pole was found in 33 animals, with no difference between them. The weight of the implants was higher than the lower pole of animals from groups G1, G7, G30, G60 and G120. The implants phagocytic function by radioisotope uptake was higher than the lower pole in G7 and G120 groups and it did not differ from the other groups. The number of macrophages was higher in G1, G60, G90 and G120 and did not differ from the other groups. CONCLUSION: Until the 16th week, the phagocytic function was more pronounced in autogenous splenic implants when compared with the lower spleen pole, but it became similar thereafter.

PURPOSE: To analyze PCNA immunoexpression on the inferior pole of the spleen of splenectomized rats submitted to hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO). METHODS: Were analyzed fragments of the inferior pole of the spleen of 20 male Wistar rats submitted to splenectomy with preservation of the inferior pole. The rats were divided in two groups: group A (n=10) without HBO and group B (n=10) submitted to HBO at 2, 5 atmospheres per 120 minutes, twice a day for three days and once a day for seven days. The groups were then subdivided in four subgroups: A15 (n=5), with euthanasia on the 15th day; A45 (n=5), with euthanasia on the 45th day; B15 (n=5) with euthanasia on the 15th day and B45 with euthanasia on the 45th day. Respectively on these days, fragments of the inferior pole of the spleen of all animals were collected and analyzed with the immunohistochemistry technique in order to evaluate PCNA expression. RESULTS: There was an expressive increase in PCNA immunoreactivity in the group B. The 45 day postoperative period resulted in a higher level of positivity than the 15 day postoperative period (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The quantitative analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive suggests that hyperbaric oxygenation increases cellular proliferation, contributing to splenic regeneration.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of chlorhexidine on the formation of adhesions and dilation of the colon at the oral end of anastomosis in the presence of peritonitis. METHODS: Peritonitis was induced in male Wistar rats by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Abdominal cavities were irrigated with tepid solutions containing 0.9% saline (SAL group; n=8) or 0.05% chlorhexidine (CHD group; n=8), after which colon anastomoses were performed. Control rats (n=8) were submitted to colon anastomoses but not to CLP. Animals were euthanised seven days after surgery and the incidence of adhesions, the degree of dilation of colon loops and an index were calculated to determine variables correlation. RESULTS: No animals exhibited macroscopic signs of residual peritonitis or abdominal abscesses. Adhesions were observed in 75% of control and 100% of SAL and CHD animals. Dilation of intestinal loops at the oral end of anastomosis was observed in control (50%), SAL (57.2%) and CHD (66.7%) animals. The calculated index was 1.25 in group A; 1.86 in group B; and 2.0 group C. CONCLUSION: Chlorhexidine promoted stronger adhesions and a greater dilatation of colonic loops than control group.

INTRODUÇÃO: No Brasil, a cada ano são diagnosticados cerca de 26.000 casos de câncer colorretal. Pacientes com estadiamento considerado inicial, sem linfonodo metastático, evoluem com recorrência ou recidiva do tumor em até um quarto dos casos, por provável subestadiamento. Objetivo: pesquisar sobre linfonodo-sentinela ex vivo em pacientes com adenocarcinoma colorretal. OBJETIVO: Foram estudados 37 pacientes, submetidos à cirurgia oncológica com ressecção caráter curativo. O marcador de linfonodos utilizado foi o corante azul patente, injetado na submucosa peritumoral da peça cirúrgica aberta imediatamente depois de sua retirada da cavidade abdominal. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: A identificação ex vivo de linfonodo-sentinela com o marcador ocorreu em 13 (35,1%) pacientes. A sensibilidade do método foi de 40% e o falso negativo de 60%. O exame histológico pormenorizado dos linfonodos-sentinela com multissecção e imunoistoquímica diagnosticou metástase em um (4,3%) indivíduo, sendo considerado ultra-estadiamento. RESULTADOS: A identificação de linfonodo-sentinela ex vivo apresenta benefícios questionáveis, e piores resultados quando são incluídos pacientes com câncer de reto. Foi possível reestadiamento de um paciente depois da realização de multissecção e imunoistoquímica de linfonodos-sentinela, mas mais trabalhos são necessários para estabelecer a importância das micrometástases em pacientes com câncer colorretal.

INTRODUCTION: In Brazil, about 26,000 cases of colorectal cancer are diagnosed per year. Patients considered at the early stage of disease (without lymph node) evolve with tumor relapse or recurrence in up to a quarter of cases, probably due to understaging. Objective: Research on ex vivo sentinel lymph node in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 37 patients who underwent curative surgical resection. The marker used to identify lymph nodes was patent blue dye injected into the peritumoral submucosa of the open surgical specimen immediately after its removal from the abdominal cavity. RESULTS: Ex vivo identification of sentinel lymph node with marker occurred in 13 (35.1%) patients. The sensitivity was 40% and 60% false negative. The detailed histological examination of sentinel lymph nodes with multilevel section and immunohistochemistry showed metastasis in one (4.3%) individual, considered ultra-staging. CONCLUSION: The ex vivo identification of sentinel lymph node had questionable benefits, and worse results when include patients with rectal cancer. Restaging of one patient was possible after multilevel section and immunohistochemistry of the sentinel lymph node, but more research is needed to evaluate the role of micrometastases in patients with colorectal cancer.

OBJETIVO: Investigar as alterações microscópicas no músculo reto do abdome de ratos submetidos a cinco técnicas de autonomização. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 30 ratos machos Holtzmann, pesando entre 250 e 350 gramas. Os animais foram distribuídos em cinco grupos (n=6): A - secção cranial do músculo direito; B - secção caudal do músculo direito; C - secção cranial e caudal do músculo direito; D - secção cranial rebatendo o músculo direito no sentido cranial-caudal; E - secção caudal rebatendo o músculo direito no sentido caudal-cranial. No sétimo dia pós-operatório, ressecou-se um fragmento cranial e caudal dos músculos direito e esquerdo, respectivamente, para estudo microscópico. As alterações histológicas foram quantificadas e comparados os fragmentos dos músculos direito aos do esquerdo (controle). Utilizou-se, para fins estatísticos, o teste exato de Fisher, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A comparação entre os músculos direito e esquerdo demonstrou significância estatística no grupo A - infiltrado inflamatório no fragmento cranial (p=0,015); no grupo C - infiltrado inflamatório (p=0,000) e necrose (p=0,015) no fragmento caudal; e no grupo E - edema no fragmento caudal (p=0,000). Não foram observadas alterações significativas nos grupos B e D. CONCLUSÕES: A irrigação exclusiva pelos vasos musculares perfurantes é inadequada; a irrigação exclusiva pelo pedículo cranial causa alterações histológicas menos acentuadas, não-significantes, em comparação à irrigação exclusiva pelo pedículo caudal; a irrigação exclusiva pelo pedículo caudal causa alterações histológicas mais acentuadas, não-significantes, em comparação com as demais formas de desvascularização.

PURPOSE: To investigate the microscopic changes in the rectus abdominis muscle in rats subjected to five delay procedure. METHODS: 30 male holtzmann rats, weighting between 250 and 350 grams, were used. The animals were divided into five groups (n=6): A - cranial section of the right muscle; B - caudal section of the right muscle; C - craniocaudal section of the right muscle; D - cranial section reflecting the right muscle in the craniocaudal direction; E - caudal section reflecting the right muscle in the caudocranial direction. On the seventh day after surgery, a resection of the cranial and caudal fragments of the right and left muscles, respectively, was performed for microscopic analysis. Histological alterations were quantified and the right and left (control) muscle fragments compared. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical purposes with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The comparison between right and left muscles showed statistically significant differences in group A - inflammatory infiltrate in the cranial fragment (p=0.015); in group C - inflammatory infiltrate (p=0.000) and necrosis (p=0.015) in the caudal fragment; and in group E - edema in the caudal fragment (p=0.000). No significant alterations were noted in groups B and D. CONCLUSIONS: Irrigation exclusively through the perforating muscle vessels is inappropriate; irrigation exclusively through the cranial pedicle causes milder, insignificant histological alterations, when compared with irrigation exclusively through the caudal pedicle; irrigation exclusively through the caudal pedicle causes more pronounced, but still insignificant, histological alterations when compared with other forms of devascularization.

OBJETIVO: Pesquisar se o tempo de compressão venosa de até 120 horas pós-escleroterapia é suficiente para evitar reperfusão nas veias tratadas; se há relação entre a intensidade inflamatória na parede venosa e tecidos adjacentes e o tamanho do trombo venoso; se a intensidade da inflamação pós-escleroterapia varia com o tempo de compressão; se há relação entre a presença de hemossiderina nos tecidos adjacentes ao vaso esclerosado e coágulo venoso. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 28 coelhos, machos, distribuídos em quatro grupos (0, 24, 72 e 120). Em todos os animais foram administrados 0,25 ml de solução de polidocanol 1% e, como controle, 0,25 ml de solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9% na veia marginal dorsal das orelhas direita e esquerda, respectivamente. Realizou-se compressão mecânica em trecho da veia perfundida, exceto nos animais do grupo 0. O tempo de compressão variou de 0 a 120 horas nos grupos. Realizou-se exame anatomopatológico de trecho das veias marginais dorsais direita e esquerda de todos os animais. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças significativas nos diversos tempos de compressão, tanto no grau de trombose venosa como na intensidade inflamatória, em ambas as orelhas, nos diversos grupos. Observou-se correlação positiva e significativa entre intensidade inflamatória e tamanho do trombo e na ocorrência de trombos e hemossiderina. CONCLUSÕES: O tempo de até 120 horas de compressão não é suficiente para evitar reperfusão nos vasos esclerosados. A intensidade da inflamação nos tecidos tem relação com o tamanho do trombo, mas não com o tempo de compressão. A presença de hemossiderina nos tecidos adjacentes ao vaso submetido à esclerose está relacionada com a presença de coágulo venoso.

PURPOSE: Research whether a post-sclerotherapy venous compression period of up to 120 hours is sufficient to avoid reperfusion in treated veins; whether there is a relationship between the inflammatory intensity in venous walls and adjacent tissue and the size of venous thrombosis; whether the intensity of the post-sclerotherapy inflammation varies with the period of compression; whether there is a relationship between the presence of hemosiderin in the tissues adjacent to the sclerosing blood vessels and venous blood clots. METHODS: Twenty eight rabbits, all male, were utilized, distributed into four groups (0, 24, 72 and 120). All the animals were administered with 0.25 ml of 1% polidoconal solution and, as a control, 0.25 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution in the marginal dorsal vein of the right and left ears, respectively. Mechanical compression was applied to the perfused stretch of the vein, except for the animals in group 0. The period of compression varied from 0 to 120 hours in the groups. An anatomopathological examination of the section of the right and left marginal dorsal veins of all the animals was conducted. RESULTS: There was no significant difference among the various compression periods, both in terms of the degree of vein thrombosis and in the inflammatory intensity in both ears of the various groups. A positive and significant correlation was observed between the inflammatory intensity and the size of the thrombus and in the occurrence of thrombi and hemosiderin. CONCLUSIONS: A compression period of up to 120 hours is not sufficient to prevent reperfusion in sclerosing blood vessels. The intensity of tissue inflammation is related to the size of the thrombus, but not to the compression period. The presence of hemosiderin in the tissues adjacent to the vessels subjected to sclerosis is related to the presence of venous coagulation.