Resumo Apresentam-se resultados do Projeto Nós Propomos! que aposta na organização do currículo de Geografia a partir da identificação de problemas locais pelos estudantes das escolas envolvidas. Desde 2011 este Projeto tem sido implementado pelo Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento Territorial da Universidade de Lisboa/IGOT-ULisboa, mobilizando escolas de todo o país, no quadro da disciplina de Geografia, tendo em vista um efetivo compromisso com a comunidade. A partir de 2014, o projeto ganhou fôlego internacional no espaço ibero-americano e já para além do mesmo. Tem como proposta metodológica desafiar os estudantes a identificarem problemas locais relevantes, desenvolver trabalho de campo sobre os mesmos e apontar possíveis soluções. Centram-se nas aprendizagens dos próprios alunos. Espera-se que os estudantes desenvolvam a cidadania territorial, entendida como participação responsável nas tomadas de decisões sobre os problemas da localidade de base espacial.

Abstract The results of the We Propose! Project are presented, which focuses on the organization of the geography curriculum based on the identification of local problems by the students of the schools involved. Since 2011, this project has been implemented by the Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning of the University of Lisbon/IGOT-ULisboa, mobilizing schools from all over the country, in the framework of the discipline of Geography, with a view to have an effective commitment to the community. Since 2014, the project has gained international momentum in Ibero-America and beyond. Its methodological proposal is to challenge students to identify relevant local problems, develop field work on them, and point out possible solutions. The learning will be centered on the students themselves. It is expected that the students develop territorial citizenship, understood as responsible participation in decision-making about the problems of the spatially-based locality.

Abstract Background Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) prognosis remains poor. Vasospasm mechanism might be associated with inflammation. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been studied as inflammation markers and prognostic predictors. Objective We aimed to investigate NLR and PLR in admission as predictors of angiographic vasospasm and functional outcome at 6 months. Methods This cohort study included consecutive aneurysmal SAH patients admitted to a tertiary center. Complete blood count was recorded at admission before treatment. White blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, NLR, and PLR were collected as independent variables. Vasospasm occurrence-modified Rankin scale (mRS), Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), and Hunt-Hess score at admission and at 6 months were recorded as dependent variables. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to adjust for potential confounding and to assess the independent prognostic value of NLR and PLR at admission. Results A total of 74.1% of the patients were female, with mean age of 55.6 ± 12.4 years. At admission, the median Hunt-Hess score was 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 1), and the median mFisher was 3 (IQR 1). Microsurgical clipping was the treatment for 66.2% of the patients. Angiographic vasospasm incidence was 16.5%. At 6 months, the median GOS was 4 (IQR 0.75), and the median mRS was 3 (IQR 1.5). Twenty-one patients (15.1%) died. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and PLR levels did not differ between favorable and unfavorable (mRS > 2 or GOS < 4) functional outcomes. No variables were significantly associated with angiographic vasospasm. Conclusion Admission NLR and PLR presented no value for prediction of functional outcome or angiographic vasospasm risk. Further research is needed in this field.

Resumo Antecedentes O prognóstico da hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA) permanece ruim. Vasoespasmo pode estar associado à inflamação. Razões neutrófilo-linfócito (NLR) e plaqueta-linfócito (PLR) têm sido estudadas como marcadores de inflamação e prognóstico. Objetivo Investigar NLR e PLR na admissão como preditores de vasoespasmo angiográfico e desfecho aos 6 meses. Métodos Este estudo de coorte incluiu pacientes consecutivos com HSA aneurismática de um centro terciário. Contagem de leucócitos, neutrófilos, linfócitos e plaquetas, proporção de neutrófilos para linfócitos e de plaquetas para linfócitos foram coletados como variáveis independentes. Ocorrência de vasoespasmo, escala de Rankin modificada, escala de desfecho de Glasgow e o escore de Hunt-Hess na admissão e 6 meses após a mesma foram registradas como variáveis dependentes. Modelos de regressão logística multivariável foram usados para ajustar potenciais fatores de confusão e avaliar valor prognóstico independente de NLR e PLR. Resultados Um total de 74,1% pacientes eram do sexo feminino, com idade média de 55,6 ± 12,4 anos. Na admissão, a pontuação média de Hunt-Hess foi de 2 (IQR 1) e a mediana de mFisher foi de 3 (IQR 1). Clipagem microcirúrgica foi o tratamento escolhido para 66,2% dos pacientes. A incidência de vasoespasmo angiográfico foi de 16,5%. Aos 6 meses, a escala de desfecho de Glasgow mediana era 4 (IQR 0,75) e a escala de Rankin modificada mediana era 3 (IQR 1,5). Vinte e um pacientes (15,1%) morreram. Os níveis de NLR e PLR não diferiram entre resultados funcionais favoráveis e desfavoráveis (mRS > 2 ou GOS < 4). Nenhuma variável foi significativamente associada ao vasoespasmo angiográfico. Conclusão Razão neutrófilo-linfócito e a PLR não apresentaram valor preditivo de desfecho funcional ou risco de vasoespasmo angiográfico. Mais pesquisas são necessárias neste campo.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain is a predominant symptom in the postoperative period and expected in any surgical service, being considered as a worldwide problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe and analyze its epidemiological aspects, intensity, and predictors, for better management and predictability. METHODS: This is a quantitative, retrospective and cross-sectional observational study, carried out in a tertiary hospital at Londrina-PR, in which medical records of post-surgical patients who responded to pain scales during their stay in the post-anesthetic recovery room were analyzed. RESULTS: This study found that females are more likely to have postoperative pain and that younger patients are more susceptible, although not significantly. Mild pain predominated at rates greater than 60%, in which spinal blocks and gynecological/obstetric procedures were the most prevalent, in contrast to severe pain, which obtained higher percentages when general anesthesia and orthopedic surgeries were performed. In addition, an equation for predicting severe pain in the immediate postoperative period was obtained, based on the chosen anesthesia and the patient’s age. CONCLUSION: Less intense postoperative pain was more prevalent than other intensities, with anesthesia and the type of surgery being possible predictive factors, even if the harbinger of its severity was based on age and the anesthetic method.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor é um sintoma predominante no pós-operatório e é esperada em qualquer serviço cirúrgico, sendo considerada um problema mundial. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e analisar seus aspectos epidemiológicos, intensidade e preditores, tendo em vista um melhor manejo e previsibilidade. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional quantitativo, retrospectivo e transversal, realizado em um hospital terciário no município de Londrina-PR, em que foram analisados prontuários de pacientes pós-cirúrgicos que responderam às escalas de dor durante permanência na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica. RESULTADOS: Esta pesquisa constatou que o sexo feminino possui maior tendência em ter dor pós-operatória e que pacientes mais jovens são os mais suscetíveis, apesar de não apresentarem grande significância. A dor leve predominou com taxas superiores a 60%, sendo que bloqueios espinhais e procedimentos ginecológicos/obstétricos foram os mais prevalentes, em contraste com a dor intensa, que obteve maiores percentuais quando realizadas anestesia geral e cirurgias ortopédicas. Além disso, obteve-se uma equação preditora de dores intensas no pós-operatório imediato, baseada no tipo de anestesia e na idade do paciente. CONCLUSÃO: A dor pós-operatória de menor intensidade foi mais prevalente que as outras intensidades, sendo a anestesia empregada e o tipo de cirurgia possíveis fatores preditores, mesmo que o prenúncio de sua severidade fosse baseado na idade e no método anestésico.

RESUMO: Varronia curassavica DC. é uma espécie medicinal nativa do Brasil. Dentre os pontos críticos que influenciam a qualidade fitoquímica dos compostos bioativos destacam-se o espaçamento entre plantas, a colheita e a pós-colheita. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do espaçamento entre plantas, da época de colheita e da temperatura de secagem das folhas na produtividade e na qualidade fitoquímica do óleo essencial de V. curassavica. O cultivo orgânico foi realizado em 2018/2019 utilizando-se os seguintes espaçamentos entre plantas: 0.6 x 1.0; 0.8 x 1.0; 1.0 x 1.0; 1.0 x 1.6 m. Os teores de macro e micronutrientes das folhas foram avaliados e não se observou alterações consideráveis. Em 2018, as colheitas foram realizadas no verão, outono e inverno, sendo as folhas colhidas imediatamente submetidas ao processo de secagem a 40 °C. Em 2019, a colheita foi realizada no inverno, sendo as folhas submetidas ao processo de secagem a 40, 50 e 60 °C. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação e os constituintes químicos identificados CG-MS. A produção de óleo essencial foi significativamente maior no inverno e nos espaçamentos de 0,8 x 1,0 m e 1,0 x 1,0 m entre plantas. O teor de alfa-humuleno manteve-se dentro dos padrões recomendados em todas as temperaturas analisadas. Embora as temperaturas de secagem testadas não tenham comprometido o teor de alfa-humuleno, o aumento da temperatura ocasionou redução no rendimento do óleo essencial. Assim, recomenda-se o cultivo orgânico de V. currassavica no espaçamento entre 0,8 x 1,0 m e 1,0 m x 1,0 m, e a secagem de suas folhas entre 40 e 50 °C visando obter o maior rendimento e melhor qualidade fitoquímica de óleo essencial.

ABSTRACT: Varroniacurassavica is a Brazilian native medicinal species. Among the critical points influencing the phytochemical quality of bioactive compounds is the spacing between plants, harvest and post-harvest. This research aimed evaluated the influence of plant distance, harvest season, and leaves drying temperature on the yield and phytochemical quality of V. curassavica essential oil. The organic cultivation was carried out in 2018/2019 using 0.6 x 1.0; 0.8 x 1.0; 1.0 x 1.0; 1.0 x 1.6 m spacing between plants. The macro and micronutrient contents of the leaves were evaluated and no considerable changes were observed. In 2018 the harvest was performed in summer, autumn, and winter, and the harvested leaves were immediately submitted to the drying process at 40 °C. In 2019 the harvest was performed in winter, and the leaves were submitted to the drying process at 40, 50, and 60 °C. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and the chemical constituents were evaluated using CG-MS. The essential oil yield was significantly higher in winter and used 0.8 x 1.0 m and 1.0 x 1.0 m spacing between plants. The alpha-humulene content remained within the recommended standards at all analyzed temperatures. Although, the drying temperatures tested did not compromise the alpha-humulene content, the increasing temperature caused a reduction in the essential oil yield. Thus, it is recommended for the organic cultivation of V. currassavica the spacing of 0.8 x 1.0 m and 1.0 m x 1.0 m, and the drying of its leaves between 40 and 50 °C to earn the highest essential oil yield and phytochemical quality.

Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil atingiu níveis alarmantes. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, ela encontrou um cenário de desmonte da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em meio à uma crise política, o que teve grande impacto nos territórios de maior vulnerabilidade. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar de que forma as favelas e equipes da APS organizaram-se para desenvolver ações comunitárias, ocupando espaços deixados pela falta de outras políticas públicas. Os resultados fazem parte da pesquisa qualitativa multicêntrica “Estratégias de abordagem dos aspectos subjetivos e sociais na Atenção Primária no contexto da pandemia”, onde foram analisados documentos orientadores públicos e 36 entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores e usuários da APS, organizadas em grades interpretativas. Como resultado, observou-se que houve iniciativas cogestoras dos trabalhadores e usuários da APS, a partir do surgimento de coletivos organizados e ativismo social, para o enfrentamento da pandemia, independente das normativas da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e demais instâncias governamentais. A APS se apresentou como único equipamento público nos territórios de alta vulnerabilidade, onde a violência armada esteve presente mesmo durante a pandemia.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has reached alarming levels in Brazil. In Rio de Janeiro city, it arrived in a scenario in which Primary Health Care (PHC) was being dismantled in the midst of a political crisis, which had major impact on the most vulnerable territories. This study examined how favelas and PHC teams organised community-based action and occupy the vacuum left by the lack of public policies. The results form part of the multi-centre qualitative study “Strategies for approaching subjective and social aspects of Primary Care in the pandemic context”, using public guidance documents and 36 in-depth interviews of PHC workers and users, which were categorised into interpretive grids. Co-management initiatives by PHC workers and users were found to have arisen out of organised groups and social activism, to face the pandemic, independently of regulations from the Municipal Health Department and other government bodies. PHC figured as the only public facility in highly vulnerable territories, where armed violence was ongoing even during the pandemic.

ABSTRACT Objective: This randomized crossover trial evaluated periodontal indexes of two types of 3 x 3 retainers (a modified 0.032-in SS V-loop retainer and a conventional 0.0215-in SS coaxial wire retainer) after bonded for six months. Also, bonded failure rate, and a questionnaire about comfort, ease of cleaning and overall preference were recorded. Material and Methods: 15 patients were enrolled in this study who used both retainers for six months each, having a 15-day wash-out interval between each bonded retainer usage. The following periodontal index were recorded: Plaque Index (PI), Calculus Index (CI) and Gingival Index (GI). Patients answered a questionnaire to assess comfort, ease of cleaning and overall retainer-type preference. Rate of bonding failure was also evaluated. Results: V-Loop retainer showed higher PI (P<0.05) as compared to conventional 0.0215-in coaxial wire retainer. However, CI and GI presented no statistically significant differences between both types of retainers. The conventional 0.0215-in coaxial wire retainer was chosen as the most comfortable (p<0.05), although no statistically significant differences were found for all other questionnaire answers. Bonding failure events were more observed in the 3x3 V-Loop retainer (p<0.002), as compared to the conventional 0.0215-in coaxial retainer. Conclusion: V-Loop retainer showed higher PI (p<0.05), higher bonding failure rate and less comfortable, as compared to conventional 0.0215-in coaxial wire.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo cruzado e randomizado avaliou os índices periodontais de dois tipos de contenções 3x3 (uma contenção aço V-Loop de 0,032” modificada e uma contenção convencional de fio coaxial aço de 0,0215”) após colagem, por seis meses. Além disso, foram registradas a taxa de falha na colagem e um questionário sobre conforto, facilidade de limpeza e preferência geral. Material e Métodos: Foram incluídos nesse estudo 15 pacientes que usaram ambas as contenções por seis meses cada, com intervalo de quinze dias entre cada contenção fixa. Foram registrados os seguintes índices periodontais: Índice de Placa (IP), Índice de Cálculo (IC) e Índice Gengival (IG). Os pacientes responderam a um questionário para avaliar o conforto, a facilidade de limpeza e a preferência geral pelo tipo de contenção. A taxa de falha de colagem também foi avaliada. Resultados: A contenção V-Loop apresentou maior IP (p<0,05) em comparação ao fio coaxial convencional. Entretanto, IC e IG não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as contenções testadas. A contenção convencional de fio coaxial 0,0215” foi escolhida como a mais confortável (p<0,05), embora não tenham sido encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas para todas as outras respostas do questionário. Eventos de falha de colagem foram mais observados na contenção V-Loop 3 x 3 (p<0,002) em comparação com a contenção coaxial convencional de 0,0215”. Conclusão: A contenção V-Loop apresentou maior IP (p<0,05), maior taxa de falha de colagem e foi menos confortável em comparação ao fio coaxial convencional 0,0215”.

Abstract The cold roller die process increases the tensile strength and decreases the ductility of steel wire. Annealing heat treatment is applied to restore mechanical properties, but this is a costly process. This research shows that it is possible to control the mechanical properties of ultra-low carbon steel wire inducing the Bauschinger effect and relieving residual steel stresses. The present study uses several pulleys to promote and control the Bauschinger effect magnitude through alternated cyclic bending. A Completely Randomized Design, a regression study, and the Akaike Information Criterion were used to understand the relationship between the quantity and diameter of pulleys and the influence on the magnitude of the Bauschinger effect. Statistical models showed that it is possible to have a maximum increase of 103% in uniform elongation and a maximum decrease of 14% in yield strength. An interaction between the factors studied in controlling the Bauschinger effect magnitude was confirmed.

Abstract The present research aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using image segmentation for better drainage extraction, automated drainage network hierarchization and main channel definition based on Horton (1945). The test area for the applications was the Bandeirinha Stream Hydrographic Basin (BSHB), which is located in the municipality of Formosa, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The study used the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), with a spatial resolution of 1" x 1" (one arc second). The SRTM segmentation was performed using the Python language ODR_Obia algorithm, inserted with a QGIS plugin. Through the QGIS platform, the ODR_Hidro plugin was used to perform the delimitation of the BSHB, the extraction of the drainages and the definition of the main channel. The results were validated in the field and evaluated from the manual definition of the main channel. That was done using both the data produced by the application and the drainage data contained in the vector base of the topographic maps of the Army of Geographic Service (AGS), at the scale of 1:100,000 and 1:25,000. From the results obtained, it can be inferred that the ODR_Hidro model used for the delimitation of the BSHB, the automated hierarchization of the drainages and the definition of the main channel from the segmented SRTM image is very efficient. The field validation demonstrated its effectiveness by proving the existence of first-order drainages which are not mapped on the DSG chart at a scale of 1:100.000. This leads to the conclusion that the use of the proposed tools and the inclusion of image segmentation, aiming for the extraction of drainage network and geomorphometric characterization of watersheds, can efficiently contribute to the provision of morphometric data.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Postoperative bleeding is one of the main causes of complications in cardiovascular surgery, which highlights the importance of ensuring adequate intraoperative hemostasis, providing a better patient outcome. This study aimed to improve the prevention of postoperative bleeding in the Cardiovascular Surgery Department of the Hospital Estadual Mário Covas (Santo André, Brazil) using an adapted version of the Papworth Haemostasis Checklist to assess the impact of this standardization on bleeding rate, postoperative complications, reoperation, and mortality. Methods: This is a non-randomized controlled clinical trial, whose non-probabilistic sample consisted of patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the abovementioned service within a two-year interval. The Papworth Haemostasis Checklist was adapted to the Brazilian laboratory parameters and the questions were translated into Portuguese. This checklist was used before the surgeon started the chest wall closure. Patients were followed up until 30 days after surgery. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically relevant. Results: This study included 200 patients. After the checklist, a reduction in 24-hour drain output, postoperative complications, and reoperation was observed, although statistical significance was not reached. Finally, there was a significant reduction in the number of deaths (8 vs. 2; P=0.05). Conclusion: The use of the adapted checklist in our hospital proved to be an effective intervention to improve the prevention of postoperative bleeding, with a direct impact in the number of deaths in the study period. The reduction in deaths was possible thanks to the reduction in the bleeding rate, postoperative complications, and reoperations for bleeding.

This investigation describes the synthesis of eugenol analogs presenting 1,2,3-triazole fragments and evaluation of their antileishmanial activity. The alkylation of guaiacol (1) with allyl bromide afforded 1-(allyloxy)-2-methoxybenzene (2) (93% yield). The Claisen rearrangement conducted with 1 gave ortho eugenol (3) (82% yield). Alkylation procedures performed with 3 produced 1-allyl-3-methoxy-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (4) (73% yield) and 1-allyl-3-methoxy-2-(pent-4-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (6) (53% yield). The copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions involving alkynes 4 and 6 with different benzylic azides afforded twenty-two eugenol analogs with 1,2,3-triazole functionalities (48-93% yield). We screened the compounds at 10 μmol L 1 against Leishmania braziliensis intracellular amastigotes during macrophage infection. The action of these compounds was compared with the known leishmanicidal drug amphotericin B. None of the analogs were toxic to macrophages at 10 μmol L-1. The cytotoxic concentration at 50% (CC50), effective concentration at 50% (EC50), and selectivity index (SI) were determined to the best compounds 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazole (8c) and 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazole (8h). They showed a significant leishmanicidal effect, with EC50 of 28.09 µmol L-1 (8c) and 52.03 µmol L-1 (8h). The SIs were 9.7 for 8c and > 5.7 for 8h. These compounds have the potential as new leishmanicidal agents against L. braziliensis and may represent a starting point for the development of alternative treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has reached alarming levels in Brazil. In Rio de Janeiro city, it arrived in a scenario in which Primary Health Care (PHC) was being dismantled in the midst of a political crisis, which had major impact on the most vulnerable territories. This study examined how favelas and PHC teams organised community-based action and occupy the vacuum left by the lack of public policies. The results form part of the multi-centre qualitative study “Strategies for approaching subjective and social aspects of Primary Care in the pandemic context”, using public guidance documents and 36 in-depth interviews of PHC workers and users, which were categorised into interpretive grids. Co-management initiatives by PHC workers and users were found to have arisen out of organised groups and social activism, to face the pandemic, independently of regulations from the Municipal Health Department and other government bodies. PHC figured as the only public facility in highly vulnerable territories, where armed violence was ongoing even during the pandemic.

Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil atingiu níveis alarmantes. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, ela encontrou um cenário de desmonte da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em meio à uma crise política, o que teve grande impacto nos territórios de maior vulnerabilidade. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar de que forma as favelas e equipes da APS organizaram-se para desenvolver ações comunitárias, ocupando espaços deixados pela falta de outras políticas públicas. Os resultados fazem parte da pesquisa qualitativa multicêntrica “Estratégias de abordagem dos aspectos subjetivos e sociais na Atenção Primária no contexto da pandemia”, onde foram analisados documentos orientadores públicos e 36 entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores e usuários da APS, organizadas em grades interpretativas. Como resultado, observou-se que houve iniciativas cogestoras dos trabalhadores e usuários da APS, a partir do surgimento de coletivos organizados e ativismo social, para o enfrentamento da pandemia, independente das normativas da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e demais instâncias governamentais. A APS se apresentou como único equipamento público nos territórios de alta vulnerabilidade, onde a violência armada esteve presente mesmo durante a pandemia.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of early screening in the selection of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families for cold tolerance in a controlled environment. Fourteen sugarcane families were evaluated for leaf damage and chlorophyll content, in a controlled environment and in the field, after cold stress. The variance components and genotypic values of the families were estimated via REML/BLUP, as well as the genetic correlations between variables and environments. The heritabilities in the narrow sense and for family averages showed values above 0.23 and 0.76, respectively, and a genetic coefficient of variation above 13%, which confirmis the existence of variability and enables selection in both environments. The genetic correlations ranged from 0.59 to 0.88 and were significant for all combinations of variables and environments. The average coincidence index for the families between environments was 60% for the selected group and 85% for the unselected group. The early screening in the first stages of selection is efficient in breeding for cold tolerance in sugarcane families.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do screening precoce na seleção de famílias de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) quanto à tolerância ao frio em ambiente controlado. Avaliaram-se 14 famílias de cana-de-açúcar quanto ao dano foliar e ao teor de clorofila, em ambiente controlado e em campo, após estresse por frio. Estimaram-se os componentes de variância e os valores genotípicos das famílias via REML/BLUP, bem como as correlações genéticas entre variáveis e ambientes. As herdabilidades no sentido restrito e para médias de famílias apresentaram valores superiores a 0,23 e 0,76, respectivamente, com coeficiente de variação genético superior a 13%, o que confirma existência de variabilidade e torna possível a seleção em ambos os ambientes. As correlações genéticas variaram de 0,59 a 0,88 e foram significativas para todas as combinações de variáveis e ambientes. O índice de coincidência médio para as famílias entre ambientes foi de 60% para o grupo selecionado e de 85% para o grupo não selecionado. O “screening” precoce, nas primeiras fases de seleção, é eficiente no melhoramento genético para tolerância ao frio em famílias de cana-de-açúcar.

RESUMEN Introducción: Accidente cerebro vascular (ACV) o Ictus es un síndrome de inicio repentino caracterizado por cambios focales o globales en la función cerebral como consecuencia de un trastorno de origen vascular en un desarrollo superior a 24 horas. Dependiendo de la naturaleza de la lesión, puede ser isquémica o hemorrágica. Pudiendo ser la hemorrágica ser intraparenquimatoso o subaracnoideo. El ACV es la segunda causa principal de muerte adulta en el mundo. Existen varios hechos de riesgo asociados a la enfermedad, entre ellos la hipertensión, que es uno de los factores que ha incrementado exponencialmente los casos. Siendo este prevalente como factor de riesgo en la población. Objetivo: Conocer el perfil clínico y radiológico de los pacientes con evento cerebro vascular tratados en la Clínica Sagrada Esperanza de enero a diciembre de 2018. Métodos: La población de estudio estuvo conformada por todos los pacientes hospitalizados del 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2018, con los siguientes códigos diagnósticos de liberación: I60 (Hemorragia subaracnoidea), I61 (Hemorragia intracerebral), I62 (Otra Hemorragia Subaracnoidea no traumática), I63 (Infarto cerebral), I64 (ACV no especificado), G45 (Ictus Isquémico Transitorio y Síndromes Correlacionados), conformando un total de 312 listados pacientes, de los cuales 211 fueron excluidos por tener antecedentes de la enfermedad en estudio, 18 por diagnóstico erróneo en el proceso y 8 casos se perdieron debido a falta de informes de exámenes. Hubo 75 casos para el estudio. Resultados: Del total de casos estudiados, el grupo de edad más prevalente fue de 41-60 años que representa el 45%, la edad promedio fue de 58,8 ± 13 años, el género masculino representó 45 casos (60%); Predominaron la raza negra con 64 casos (89%). La hipertensión arterial fue el factor más evidente 48 (64%). El ictus isquémico fue el más frecuente con 42 casos (56%). El promedio de la estancia fue de 9,4±7,3 días, La hemiparesia fue el déficit más evidente tanto en el ictus isquémico 34 (18%) como en el ictus hemorrágico 18 (9%), como en el fallecimiento de 4 pacientes (5%). La arteria cerebral media fue la región más afectada 43 (57.3%) tanto en el ictus isquémico 24 (32%) como en el ictus hemorrágico intraparenquimatosos 17 (53,1%) y subaracnoideos 2 (3,7%). Conclusión: La mayoría de los pacientes tenían entre 40 y 80 años, sexo masculino y afro americanos. El ictus fue más frecuente, y la zona más afectada fue la arteria cerebral media, siendo el déficit más frecuente la hemiparesia y la paresia facial; El factor de riesgo más común fue la hipertensión. En lo que respecta a la duración de la estancia, la mayoría de ellos permanecieron de 5 a 9 días y pocos de ellos murieron.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cerebral Vascular Acident (CVA) or Stroke is a sudden onset syndrome characterized by focal or global changes in the brain funcion as consequence of a desorder of vascular origin witen a development longer than 24 hours. Depending or the nature of the injury, it can be Ischemic or Hemorrhsgic. The latter way be intraparenchymator or subarachnoid. Stroke is the second leading cause of death adult disability in the world. There are several risk factos associated with the above mentioned disease, among them the hypertension. There is an exponential increase in cases of fore mentioned disease as well as in the prevalence of risk factos in population. Objective: To know clinical and radiological profile of patients with CVA treated at Sagrada Esperança Clinic, from January to December 2018. Materials and Methods: The universe of study consisted of all the files of patients admitted from january 1st to December 31 st, 2018, with the following release diagnostic codes: I60 ( subarachnoid Hemorrhage), I61 ( Intracerebral Hemorrhage), I62 ( Other non-traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage), I63 ( Cerebral Infarction), I64 (not specified), G45 (Transient Ischemic Stroke and Correlated syndromes), making up a total a 312 listed patients, of which 211 were excluded by having a history of the disease being studied, 18 due to misdiagnosis in the process and 8 cases were lost due to non exam or reports on the severs. There were 75 cases for the study. Results: From the total number of cases studied which is 75, the most prevalent age group was from 41-60 years old which makes up 45%, the average age was 58,8 ± 13 years old, the male gender represented 45 cases (60%); Blacks were predominant with 64 cases (89%). Ischemic stroke was the most frequent with 42 cases (56%), the average hospitalization was the most prevalente deficit in both Isquemic VCA, with 18 cases (9%), and 4 patients (5%) died. The widdle cerebral arrtery área was the most affected in both Isquemic 23 cases (30,7%) and Intraparenchymal Hemorrhagie Strokes 17 cases (53,1%) and subarachnnoid 2 cases (3,7%). Conclusion: Most patients were 40-80 years old, male and black. Stroke was more frequent, and the most affected área was the middle cerebral artery, with the most frequent deficit being hemiparesis and facial paresis; The most aommon risk factor was Hypertension. In regards to the lenth of stay mosto f them were in the clinic from 5-9 days and few of them died.

The control of fungal species in agriculture is mainly conducted with the use of contact or systemic fungicides. However, environmental and human health concerns and increased resistance of fungal species to existing fungicides have increased the pressure on researchers to find new active ingredients for fungal control which present low toxicity to non-target organisms, are environmentally safe, and can be applied at very low concentrations. It is herein described the synthesis of eleven glycerol triazole containing compounds (ten of them fluorinated derivatives) and evaluation of their fungicidal activity. Eight out of eleven synthesized compounds are novel and all of the glycerol derivatives were characterized using infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic ressonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. Theoretical calculations were also carried out and the results are discussed. Starting from glycerol, the triazole derivatives were prepared in four steps. Evaluation of them against Colletrotricum gloesporioides showed that compound 1-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3 dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)-4-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (4d) (ED50 = 59.14 µg mL-1) was slightly more active than commercial fungicide tebuconazole (61.35 µg mL-1). Compound 4d presented attractive physicochemical features for agrochemical purposes as revealed by the calculated physicochemical parameters. It is believed that glycerol-fluorinated triazole derivatives can be explored towards the development of new chemicals for the control of fungal species.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os resultados obtidos do tratamento cirúrgico das fraturas maleolares do tornozelo associadas a lesão da sindesmose tibiofibular distal (STFD) submetidas a procedimento cirúrgico convencional de fixação da fratura e fixação da STFD pelo suture button (SB). Métodos Avaliou-se retrospectivamente 49 pacientes com uma média de idade de 45 anos e seguimento médio de 34,1 meses. A avaliação clínica e funcional foi baseada na escala visual analógica (EVA) e na escala American Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS, na sigla em inglês) para tornozelo e retropé, retorno às atividades da rotina e retorno ao esporte. Resultados As médias pós-operatórias das escalas AOFAS e EVA foram, respectivamente, 97,06 (índice de confiança [IC 95%: 95,31 - 98,81] e 0,16 [IC 95% 0,04 - 0,29]. Todos os pacientes retornaram às atividades prévias do cotidiano, sendo que apenas 12 apresentaram algum sintoma residual. Não se verificou instabilidade pós-operatória em nenhum paciente. Ao todo, 46 pacientes retornaram às atividades desportivas e, destes, apenas 1 não retornou ao nível prévio à lesão. Apenas dois pacientes apresentaram alterações relacionadas ao SB. Não houve relato de insatisfação. Conclusão Em fraturas maleolares do tornozelo com lesão da STFD, a fixação da sindesmose com o SB demonstrou excelentes resultados pós-operatórios. Nível de Evidência IV, série de casos retrospectiva.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the results obtained from the surgical treatment of malleolar ankle fractures associated with distal tibiofibular syndesmosis (DTFS) injury submitted to conventional surgical procedure for fracture fixation and DTFS fixation by suture button (SB). Methods Forty-nine patients were retrospectively evaluated, with a mean age of 45 years old and a mean follow-up of 34.1 months. Clinical and functional evaluation was based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) and on the American Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS) for ankle and hindfoot, return to routine activities, and return to sport. Results The postoperative mean AOFAS and VAS were, respectively, 97.06 (confidence interval [CI 95%: 95.31-98.81] and 0.16 [CI 95% 0,04 - 0,29]. All patients returned to previous daily activities, and only 12 showed some residual symptom. There was no postoperative instability in any patient. Forty-six patients returned to sports activities and, of these, only 1 did not return to the level prior to the injury. Only two patients presented SB-related alterations. There was no report of dissatisfaction. Conclusion In malleolar fractures of the ankle with DTFS injury, the fixation of syndesmosis with SB demonstrated excellent postoperative results. Level of Evidence IV, retrospective case series.