Abstract The study's aim was to evaluate the microbiological, nutritional, textural quality and palatability of pet biscuits made with the inclusion of three flours. The treatments were chicken viscera flour (CVF), commercial Nile tilapia flour (FF) and mixed fish flours of several species (FVF). For the FVF, only the carcasses (backbones) of Nile tilapia, salmon, tuna and sardines were used, and they were washed, whereas FVF as well as the others were cooked for 60 minutes, then pressed, ground and dehydrated for 24 hours at 60° C. After this period, they were crushed and ground for inclusion in the biscuits. The CVF, FF and FVF flours showed 43.82%, 50.48% and 56.70% of crude protein, respectively. CVF had the highest lipid content (10.01%) and FVF had the highest ash content (23.94%) and FVF had the highest caloric value (338.63 kcal 100 g-1). The inclusion of flours in biscuits did not influence the protein and carbohydrate contents, whose average values were 18.48% and 50.23%. However, they influenced the moisture content, lipids, ash and caloric value. Biscuits with the inclusion of viscera (CVF) had the highest lipid content (5.91%) and those with fish had the highest ash content (5.66% and 5.81%) for FF and FVF. Biscuits with FVF had a lower caloric value (318.47 kcal 100 g-1). The microbiological analysis indicated that the biscuits were considered of good quality to feed dogs. Regarding texture and palatability, there was no significant difference between treatments. The inclusion of fish flour, both FF and FVF, is a viable alternative.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e nutricional, a textura e a palatabilidade de biscoitos pet elaborados com a inclusão de três farinhas. Os tratamentos foram farinha de vísceras de frango (FVC), farinha de tilápia comercial (FF) e mix de farinhas de peixes de várias espécies (FVF). Para FVF, foram utilizadas apenas as carcaças (espinhaço) de tilápia, salmão, atum e sardinha, as quais foram lavadas. Em todos os tratamentos, as farinhas foram cozidas por 60 minutos, depois prensadas, moídas e desidratadas por 24 horas a 60 °C. Decorrido esse período, as farinhas foram trituradas e moídas para inclusão nos biscoitos. As farinhas FVC, FF e FVF apresentaram 43,82%, 50,48% e 56,70% de proteína bruta, respectivamente. A FVC apresentou maior teor lipídico (10,01%) e a FVF, maior teor de cinzas (23,94%) e o maior valor calórico (338,63 kcal 100 g-1). A inclusão das farinhas nos biscoitos não influenciou nos teores de proteína e carboidratos, cujos valores médios foram de 18,48% e 50,23%, respectivamente. Entretanto, influenciaram no teor de umidade, lipídios, cinzas e valor calórico. Os biscoitos com inclusão de vísceras (CVF) apresentaram os maiores teores de lipídeos (5,91%) e aqueles com inclusão pescado maiores teores de cinzas (5,66% e 5,81%) para FF e FVF. Os biscoitos com FVF apresentaram menor valor calórico (318,47 kcal 100 g-1). A análise microbiológica indicou que os biscoitos apresentaram qualidades apropriadas para serem fornecidos a cães. Em relação a textura e aceitabilidade, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. A inclusão de farinhas de peixe, tanto FF quanto FVF, é uma alternativa viável.

Abstract This work aimed to obtain and analyze composite materials made from green polyethylene and calcium carbonate extracted from chicken eggshells. The shells were collected and prepared for later extraction of calcium carbonate. With the X-ray diffraction analysis it was possible to confirm that both the in natura reinforcement and the calcined one, have the same polymorph mineral (calcite). With regard to thermal behavior, compounds with in natura reinforcement showed greater mass loss due to the moisture contained in them. The results showed a significant increase in Young’s moduli of the composites compared to the pure polymer. The scanning electron microscopy showed good dispersion and adhesion between the reinforcement materials and matrix. In view of the results, eggshells have the potential to be used as fillers, where greater rigidity is required. Since these materials come from a waste material, with low cost, their use becomes even more viable.

Abstract Using natural fibers in composites presents a wide range of applications, from furniture to airplanes. In polymeric composite, the use of fiber is to boost strength and stiffness. However, this material presents low mechanical properties compared to virgin polymers due to hydrophilic nature of the fiber and hydrophobic nature of the polymer. It can result in weak bonding matrix/fiber which may cause incompatibility problem in bonding fibers with most of the polymer matrices. To achieve compatibility between surfaces there is a need to modify them, and one alternative is using coupling agents. Maleated coupling agents stand out as option, but their source is petroleum-derived polyolefin. Researchers have been seeking for more environmentally friendly alternatives to replace these materials. Therefore, this work aims to bring a comprehensive review of the mechanical behavior of maleated and ecological coupling agents. Based on the literature, resistance, flexural, and tensile strength were properties discussed. applications airplanes composite stiffness However matrixfiber matrix matrices them option petroleumderived petroleum derived polyolefin materials Therefore literature resistance flexural discussed

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Racial disparities are differences among distinct subgroups of the human species; biologically, there are no scientifically proven reasons for them to exist. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of racism or racial discrimination on obstetric outcomes. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review conducted at a tertiary/academic hospital. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, SCOPUS/EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched from inception to June 2020. Studies presenting any type of racial discrimination, or any manifestation of racism that was perceived by women of any age in an obstetric scenario were included. Studies that only assessed racial disparities without including direct racism were excluded. The secondary outcomes evaluated included quality of antenatal care, intra and postpartum care, preterm birth and birthweight. The Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) scale was used to assess the quality of evidence from non-randomized studies. RESULTS: A total of 508 records were retrieved and 29 were selected for qualitative synthesis. No meta-analysis could be performed due to the high heterogeneity across studies. Perceived racism was associated as a risk factor in 7/10 studies focusing on pregnancy and postpartum maternal outcomes, five studies on preterm birth, one study on small for gestational age and two studies on low birthweight. Overall, among the 29 studies, the risk of bias was classified as moderate. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived racism presented an association with poor obstetric outcomes. Anti-racist measures are needed in order to address the problems that are causing patients to perceive or experience racism. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO database, CRD42020194382

This work developed ternary films based on Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA), Cloisite 30B (C30B) and Oregano Essential Oil (OEO) as proposal to be applied in food packaging. The films thus manufactured were unscathed, with reduced surface defects. Their thickness and moisture content varied according to the composition and content of each component in the formulation. Optical micrographs indicated a homogeneous morphology, with good distribution of clay in the matrix. FTIR data confirms the incorporation of OEO into the films. TGA analysis indicated that the thermal stability of the films was not significantly affected by the incorporation of C30B and OEO. OEO incorporation did not promote an efficient antimicrobial action which is probably due to its retention by the clay. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. The combination between C30B and OEO in the PLA polymeric matrix is a promising proposal.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing corn by double-distilled glycerin, a co-product of the biodiesel industry, on goat curd cheese in terms of physical-chemical, microbiological and sensory aspects. Twelve multiparas Saanen goats weighing 47.07 ± 2.41 kg and at 90 ± 5 days of lactation. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (0 and 15% inclusion of glycerin). The physicochemical parameters analyzed were: fat (%), non-fat solids (%), protein (%), lactose (%), salts (%), relative density at 15/15 °C (gmL-1), index cryoscopic (°C), electrical conductivity (mScm-1), pH and acidity. The milk from each treatment was used to make the rennet cheese. The fat had a significant effect (P < 0.05) with inclusion of glycerin in the diet. The physicochemical characteristics of the cheese were influenced (P < 0.05) by feeding up to 15% of glycerin. Regarding sensory attributes, only firmness was influenced (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of glycerin in the diet of dairy goats. Bidistilled glycerin, when inserted in the diet of dairy goats at a level of 15%, causes a reduction in the lipid content of milk and cheese, consequently affecting the cheese yield, and the parameter of firmness in the sensory of the evaluated cheeses.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos de sentidos produzidos pelos discursos de gestores em saúde sobre a Transferência de Política do Tratamento Diretamente Observado da Tuberculose. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido em 2017, com seis gestores atuantes em serviços de saúde localizados em municípios do estado da Paraíba. O corpus, coletado por meio de entrevistas, foi analisado sob a perspectiva da Análise de Discurso. Resultados: Os discursos expressaram aspectos favoráveis para operacionalizar o processo de transferência de política, como o investimento em recursos humanos, tecnológicos, físicos e materiais; articular a gestão na organização da rede e sensibilizar os profissionais envolvidos. Identificaram-se barreiras como a prevalência de casos na Unidade de Referência, rotatividade de profissionais, preconceito e vulnerabilidade social. Conclusões: O estudo evidenciou que são necessários investimentos financeiros, pactuações governamentais e compromisso dos atores envolvidos na produção de cuidado para efetivar o processo de transferência de política nos municípios em estudo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the effects of meanings produced by the speechess of health managers about the Policy Transfer of Directly Observed Treatment of Tuberculosis. Method: Qualitative study developed in 2017 with six managers working in health services located in municipalities in the state of Paraíba. The corpus, constituted by interviews, was analyzed by Discourse Analysis. Results: The speeches expressed aspects favorable to the operationalization of the policy transfer process, such as investing in human, technological, physical and material resources; coordinating management in the organization of the network and raising the awareness of the professionals involved. Barriers were identified, such as the prevalence of cases in the Reference Unit; professional turnover; prejudice and social vulnerability. Conclusions: The study showed that financial investments, government pacts and commitment of the actors involved in the production of care are necessary to carry out the policy transfer process in the municipalities investigated.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de los significados producidos por los discursos de los gestores de salud sobre la Política de Transferencia de Tratamiento Directamente Observado de la Tuberculosis. Método: Estudio cualitativo, desarrollado en 2017, con seis gerentes trabajando en servicios de salud ubicada en municipios del estado de Paraíba. El corpus recopilado a través de entrevistas, fue analizado por Discourse Analysis. Resultados: Los discursos expresaron aspectos favorables para la operacionalización del proceso de transferencia de políticas, como la inversión en recursos humanos, tecnológicos, físicos y materiales; la articulación de la gestión en la organización de la red y la sensibilización de los profesionales implicados. Se identificaron barreras como la prevalencia de casos en la Unidad de Referencia; rotación profesional; prejuicio y vulnerabilidad social. Conclusiones: El estudio mostró que las inversiones financieras son necesarias, pactos de gobierno y compromiso de los actores involucrados en la producción de cuidados con el propósito de llevar a cabo el processo de transferencia de políticas en los municipios en estudio.

Abstract Brazil, the world’s largest citros producer, yields around 19 million tons per year and exports most part of its production as orange juice. Essential oils (EOs) extracted from leaves, fruit and flowers of many species of the genus Citrus have been widely used as the result of their promising bioactivities. The fungus Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill., an agent which causes soft rot in fruit, has been considered one of the main factors that cause postharvest diseases, thus, leading to major economic losses in agribusiness. This research aimed at evaluating the chemical composition and in vitro antifungal effect of EOs from two varieties of fresh Citrus sinensis (lima orange and bahia navel orange) peel on mycelial growth of R. stolonifer. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation, which was carried out by a Clevenger-type apparatus, while their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Limonene was the major monoterpene identified in EOs from lima orange (95.2%) and bahia navel orange (93.2%) peel. EOs from lima orange and bahia navel orange inhibited 91.95% and 80.05% mycelial growth of R. stolonifer, respectively, at the highest dose under evaluation (100 µL). This study revealed the biotechnological potential of EOs extracted from fruit peel of two varieties of citros which may applied to biofilm preparation, so as to coat and preserve different types of fruit.

Abstract Blends of Polystyrene (PS) and Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were twin screw extruded, two PSs, with low and high melt flow rate (MFR) were used and their feasibility within PCL investigated by means of torque rheometry, mechanical tests, heat deflection temperature (HDT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); predictive models were utilized to evaluate interfacial adhesion in PS/PCL blends. Results show that no decreasing was verified in torque rheometry plots suggesting thermally stable blends; elastic modulus decreased and elongation at break increased in PS/PCL blends compared to neat PS. PS/PCL blends with low MFR PS and higher PCL amount are more thermodynamically stable. Higher HDT was verified in PS/PCL blends. The trends observed applying predictive models are indicative of poor adhesion between PCL and PS, agreeing with coalescence and phase segregation as verified in SEM images. PS/PCL systems with higher MFR PS presented the best results.

Abstract High-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with cellulose from rice husk (RH) were prepared and studied. The RH biomass was submitted to acid extraction and bleaching process and then analyzed for its cellulose extraction efficiency by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). After that, the RH cellulose (RHC) was incorpored to the HDPE matrix by melt blending with different filler contents (5, 10 and 15 wt%), and then characterized in terms of mechanical properties and morphology. The RHC incorporation in the HDPE matrix resulted in an increase in elastic modulus regardless the filler content added; also, the impact resistance was maintained for RHC contents up to 10%. The morphological analysis of the composites showed that the cellulose was well dispersed in the matrix, which contributed to the improvement of the final rigidity of these materials, indicating the feasibility of incorporating this residue in the production of HDPE composites.

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo empregar resíduos agroindustriais, especificamente fibras celulósicas extraídas de talos de casca de banana, para a obtenção de acetato de celulose. Tal produto por sua vez, foi utilizado como matriz em um compósito antimicrobiano para uso em embalagens de alimentos, constituído de acetato de celulose e partículas de prata. As referidas partículas foram produzidas por meio de síntese hidrotérmica assistida por micro-ondas a partir da redução do nitrato de prata, utilizando o citrato trisódico. As partículas de prata apresentaram um diâmetro médio de 433,6 nm. O compósito obtido foi caracterizado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), testes de resistência à tração, análise termogravimétrica e espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourrier (FTIR) e no UV-visível. Os resultados mostraram uma tensão de ruptura de aproximadamente 43 MPa, 25% maior que a apresentada por polímeros comerciais sem a adição de cargas. Além disto, obteve-se propriedades bactericidas com relação as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli, quando em contato direto com o filme formado pelo compósito.

ABSTRACT The present work had the objective to use agroindustrial residues, specifically cellulosic fibers from banana peel stalks, to obtain cellulose acetate. This product, in turn, was used as a matrix in an antimicrobial composite for food packaging, consisting of cellulose acetate and silver particles. The silver particles were produced by microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis from the reduction of silver nitrate using trisodium cit-rate. The obtained particles had a mean diameter of 433.6 nm. The composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile strength test, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier trans-form infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. The results showed a fracture strain 25% greater than the commercial polymers without the addition of fillers, achieving about 43 MPa. In addition, bactericidal properties were obtained in relation to the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli when in direct contact with the composite film formed.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the association of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with the self-esteem of stomized persons. This is a cross-sectional study, with an exploratory and analytical approach and sampling for convenience developed at the Centro de Reabilitação e Habilitação do Rio Grande do Norte, in the city of Natal. Two instruments were used to collect data: the first one was adapted based on the one developed by Silva (2013) with questions regarding sociodemographic and clinical aspects of the patients; and the second was the Rosenberg's/UNIFESP-EPM Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), with content regarding the feelings of respect and acceptance of oneself. Concerning the sociodemographic characteristics, there was a predominance of males (62.2%), with education until the elementary school (71.1%); and regarding the clinical aspects, there was a predominance of people without comorbidities (54.4%) and colostomized patients (80.0%). In relation to the association of self-esteem with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the statistical significance was only obtained with schooling (p = 0.007), although other aspects presented close results, such as income (p = 0.091) and comorbidities (p = 0.197). Therefore, it was found that there was a statistically significant association of self-esteem with schooling, although the other variables are also related to self-esteem. Health care professionals should consider these aspects in the planning of stomatal care, with an emphasis on the schooling level, which influences the understanding of the health condition itself, as well as the access to the available services, providing the necessary care and guidance for the attainment of a satisfactory self-esteem.

RESUMEN En el presente estudio se busca verificar la asociación de las características sociodemográficas y clínicas con la autoestima de las personas ostomizadas. Se trata de un estudio transversal, exploratorio y analítico con muestreo por conveniencia desarrollado en el Centro de Rehabilitación y Habilitaçión de Rio Grande do Norte, en el municipio de Natal. Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron dos instrumentos: uno adaptado en base al desarrollado por Silva (2013) con cuestiones referentes a aspectos sociodemográficos y clínicos; y la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg / UNIFESP-EPM (RSES), con contenido relativo a los sentimientos de respeto y aceptación de sí mismo. Con relación a las características sociodemográficas, predominaron el sexo masculino (62,2%), con enseñanza primaria (71,1%); y, entre los aspectos clínicos, personas sin comorbilidades (54,4%) y pacientes con colostomía (80,0%). En cuanto a la asociación de la autoestima con características sociodemográficas y clínicas, sólo se obtuvo significancia estadística con escolaridad (p = 0,007), aunque otros aspectos presentaron resultados cercanos, tales como ingreso (p = 0,091) y presencia de comorbilidades (p = 0,197). Por lo tanto, se constató que sólo hubo asociación estadística significante de autoestima con escolaridad, aunque las otras variables también están relacionadas a la autoestima. Los profesionales de la salud deben considerar estos aspectos para la atención al ostomizado, con énfasis en la escolaridad, porque influye en el entendimiento sobre la condición de la salud, y el acceso a los servicios disponibles, proporcionando cuidados y orientaciones para conseguir una autoestima satisfactoria.

RESUMO Buscou-se neste estudo verificar a associação das características sociodemográficas e clínicas com a autoestima das pessoas estomizadas. Trata-se de estudo transversal, com abordagem exploratória e analítica e amostragem por conveniência, desenvolvido no Centro de Reabilitação e Habilitação do Rio Grande do Norte, no município de Natal. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados dois instrumentos: o primeiro foi adaptado com base no desenvolvido por Silva (2013) com questões referentes a aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos dos pacientes; e o segundo foi a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg/ UNIFESP-EPM (RSES), com conteúdo relativo aos sentimentos de respeito e aceitação de si próprio. Referente às características sociodemográficas, houve predominância do sexo masculino (62,2%), com escolaridade até o ensino fundamental (71,1%); e nos aspectos clínicos, houve o predomínio de pessoas sem comorbidades (54,4%) e colostomizados (80,0%). Em relação à associação da autoestima com as características sociodemográficas e clínicas, obteve-se significância estatística apenas com a escolaridade (p=0,007), embora outros aspectos tenham apresentado resultados próximos, como a renda (p=0,091) e comorbidades (p=0,197). Portanto, constatou-se que houve associação estatística significante da autoestima apenas com a escolaridade, embora as outras variáveis também estejam relacionadas à autoestima. Os profissionais de saúde devem considerar esses aspectos para o planejamento da assistência ao estomizado, com ênfase no grau de instrução, o qual influencia no entendimento sobre a própria condição de saúde, bem como o acesso aos serviços disponíveis, proporcionando os cuidados e orientações necessárias para o alcance de uma autoestima satisfatória.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify sociodemographic and clinical aspects associated with the quality of life of patients on hemodialysis. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 200 individuals during the first semester of 2015. We used a structured anamnesis and physical examination to obtain the variables of interest, as well as the SF-36 instrument to evaluate the domains of quality of life. Fisher's exact Chi-square and Mann-Whithey U tests were used to analyze the statistical association between variables, considering p.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los aspectos sociodemográficos y clínicos asociados con la calidad de vida de pacientes en hemodiálisis. Método: estudio transversal, realizado con 200 individuos durante el primer semestre de 2015. Se utilizó un itinerario estructurado de anamnesis y un examen físico para la obtención de las variables de interés, además del instrumento SF-36 para evaluar los dominios de la calidad de vida. Se realizaron pruebas Chi-cuadrado, exacto de Fisher y U de Mann-Whithey para analizar la asociación estadística entre las variables, considerando el valor p.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos associados à qualidade de vida de pacientes em hemodiálise. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 200 indivíduos durante o primeiro semestre de 2015. Utilizou-se roteiro estruturado de anamnese e exame físico para obtenção das variáveis de interesse, além do instrumento SF-36 para avaliar os domínios da qualidade de vida. Fez-se uso de testes de quiquadrado, exato de Fisher e U de Mann-Whithey para analisar associação estatística entre as variáveis, considerando-se p valor.

The effect of maleic anhydride (MA) content on morphological, thermal, thermomechanical and mechanical properties of PA6/AES/MMA-MA (66.5/28.5/5 wt%) system was investigated. In general, the simple incorporation of MMA-MA to PA6/AES system is responsible for enhancements in mechanical performance. PA6/AES/MMA-MA3% and PA6/AES/MMA5% exhibited similar morphology and final properties, indicating no MA content effect on the studied system. On the other hand, PA6/AES/MMA-MA10% exhibited a quite different morphology and lower mechanical performance compared to the other compatibilized blends. Such unexpected behavior was not attributed to the effective maleic anhydride content in this composition, but to the reduced molar mass resulted from the excess of non-reacted MA monomer during the synthesis procedure.

Abstract The reuse of rubber waste is very important today, both to reduce the harmful effects on the environment, and to reduce the cost of new material development. Considering that most of the studies reported in literature refer to the reuse of tire waste, this article aims to evaluate the influence of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and styrene-(ethylene-butylene)-styrene grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS-MA) compatibilizers on the blend performance of polystyrene (PS)/styrene-butadiene rubber residue (SBRr), which come from the footwear industry. The blends were prepared in a co-rotating twin screw extruder and then were molded by injection. They were analyzed by impact and tensile tests, heat deflection temperature (HDT), ductile-brittle transition temperature, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results evidenced that the use of any of the compatibilizers on the PS/SBRr blend significantly increased the impact strength, while the tensile properties and HDT were lower when compared to the polymer matrix. The ductile-brittle transition temperature remains at approximately 25°C range for all the blends. In general, it has been proved that the SBS was the most effective compatibilization process in the PS/SBRr system. The DMTA test shows the presence of two distinct temperature peaks. The morphologies obtained by TEM of binary and ternary blends were quite different and typical of immiscible blend. The results show a good perspective regarding the use of industrial waste (SBRr), since it may enhance a material that would be discarded.