Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fat taste sensitivity, food intake and diet quality in 41 male adults, aged 19-54 years, without any eating disorders. Food consumption in five consecutive days was recorded to evaluate food intake, and diet quality was assessed by Health Dietary Indicator-2015. Fat taste thresholds were evaluated with 3-Alternative Forced Choice Methodology. The mean fat taste threshold of the hypersensitive and hyposensitive individuals were 1.48 ± 0.30 mM and 7.87 ± 0.61 mM, respectively. Hypersensitive individuals had lower energy, dietary fat, monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and energy rate from dietary fat (p<0.05). Health Dietary Indicator-2015 score was higher in hypersensitives than hyposensitives (p<0.05). Body weight, body mass index and waist circumference were lower in hypersensitive individuals (p<0.05). These findings show that fat taste sensitivity plays an important role in food intake and diet quality in individuals without eating disorders.

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of autophagy-enhancing rapamycin (RAPA) and autophagy- inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) with Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) in Cisplatin (CIS)-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups (n=10): Control was applied saline, CIS (a single dose of 8mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.) on 7th day of experiment), RAPA+CIS (2 mg/kg/i.p. RAPA per day and 8 mg/kg/i.p. CIS on 7th day), 3-MA+CIS (15 mg/kg/i.p. 3-MA per day and 8 mg/kg/i.p. CIS on 7th day). Rats were sacrificed under anesthesia. Brain tissues were evaluated histopathologically. eNOS, Inos, nNOS and MAP 2 immunostaining were performed to determine the expression levels of these proteins among groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Interleukin IL-6 levels in brain tissue and serum nitric oxide (NO) level were measured by ELISA assay. In histopathological evaluation, neurodegeneration was seen in the CIS group. There was an increase in eNOS, iNOS and nNOS immunostaining in CIS group. While MAP2 immunostaining of the CIS group decreased. There was a decrease in SOD and CAT levels of brain tissue in CIS group. However, there was an increase in MDA, IL-6 and NO levels of brain tissue in CIS group. We found that antioxidant capacity increase while, inflammation and nitric oxide levels decreased in the RAPA-treated group. 3-MA does not have a significant effect. We suggest that CIS-induced neurotoxicity is more effective than Rapa 3-MA and may also be linked to NOS enzymes.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación de la rapamicina potenciadora de la autofagia (RAPA) y el inhibidor de la autofagia 3-metiladenina (3-MA) con óxido nítrico sintasas (NOS) en la neurotoxicidad inducida por cisplatino (CIS) en ratas. Las ratas se dividieron en 4 grupos (n = 10): grupo control se aplicó solución salina, CIS (una dosis única de 8 mg / kg intraperitoneal (ip) el día 7 del experimento), RAPA + CIS (2 mg / kg / ipRAPA por día y 8 mg / kg / ip CIS el día 7), 3-MA + CIS (15 mg / kg / ip 3-MA por día y 8 mg / kg / ip CIS el día 7). Las ratas se sacrificaron bajo anestesia y los tejidos cerebrales fueron analizados histopatológicamente. Se realizaron inmunotinciones con eNOS, Inos, nNOS y MAP 2 para determinar los niveles de expre- sión de estas proteínas entre los grupos. Se midieron los niveles de superóxido dismutasa (SOD), catalasa (CAT), malondialdehído (MDA) e interleucina IL-6 en el tejido cerebral y el nivel de óxido nítrico (NO) en suero mediante ensayo ELISA. En la evaluación histopatológica, se observó neurodegeneración en el grupo CIS. Hubo un aumento en la inmunotinción de eNOS, iNOS y nNOS en el grupo CIS. Mientras que la inmunotinción de MAP2 del grupo CIS disminuyó. Hubo una disminución en los niveles de SOD y CAT del tejido cerebral en el grupo CIS, sin embargo, hubo un aumento en los niveles de MDA, IL-6 y NO en el tejido cerebral en el grupo CIS. Observamos que la capacidad antioxidante aumentó, mientras que la inflamación y los niveles de óxido nítrico disminuyeron en el grupo tratado con RAPA. 3-MA no tiene un efecto significativo. Sugerimos que la neurotoxicidad inducida por CIS es más eficaz que Rapa 3-MA y también puede estar relacio- nada con las enzimas NOS.

Abstract: Knowing the effects of natural aging on wood properties is important both for the conservation of historical wooden material and for reuse of aged wood. The aim of this study was to investigate the wood properties of old wooden elements not impregnated with any protective chemicals and taken from different parts of Zeytinlik houses in Giresun, Turkey. Test samples were prepared from old wooden elements and freshly cut chestnut timber. The anatomical, chemical, physical and mechanical properties were determined according to standard procedure, and the results were compared with those of recent wood specimen. As a result of the anatomical identification, it was determined that the wooden elements used in traditional Zeytinlik houses belong to species of Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa), and after an average service life of 88, 113 and 120 years, there was no change in the anatomical structure of the old wooden elements. Fourier transform infrared band characterization of old wood specimens revealed that hemicelluloses degraded and lignin structure changed on the surface of almost all specimens. Especially, the wood density values of the facade elements were smaller than that of recent wood specimen. Except for the modulus of rupture of window sill and rafter, all mechanical properties were significantly greater compared with those of recent wood specimen. The results of this research showed that old wood not damaged by fungi and insects could be evaluated for reuse.

SUMMARY: This study aimed to investigate the changes in testis tissue of thioacetamide-induced rats and the effect of melatonin on these changes. Thirty-five male Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups. Group I; Control (n=7), Group II; Melatonin (Mel) (10 mg/kg) a single dose (i.p)(n=7), Group III; Thioacetamide (TAA) (300 mg/kg) (i.p) 2 times with 24 hour intervals (n=7), Group IV; TAA (300 mg/kg) was administered at 24-hour intervals, afterwards of 10 mg/kg single dose of Mel (n=7), Group V; Mel was administered 10 mg/kg a single dose 24 hours before the administration of TAA (n=7). Testis was evaluated histologically, immunohistochemically (Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) 70 and 90), blood serum testosterone, total antioxidant status(TAS) and total oxidant status(TOS) in tissue. The tissue sections of Group III decreased seminiferous tubule diameters, and germinal epithelium spills were observed. HSP70 and HSP90 expressions were increased. There wasn’t a statistically significant change in testosterone levels among the groups. While TAS levels decreased in Group III compared to control, TOS levels didn’t change. HSP70 and HSP90 decreased in groups with Mel-treated. Mel was found to have both protective and therapeutic effects. According to our results, the therapeutic effect of Mel in thioacetamide-induced acute testicular injury is greater than its protective effect.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los cambios en el tejido testicular de ratas inducidas por tioacetamida y el efecto de la melatonina en estos cambios. Treinta y cinco ratas macho Wistar Albino se dividieron en cinco grupos. Grupo I; Control (n = 7), Grupo II; Melatonina (Mel) (10 mg / kg) una dosis única (i.p) (n = 7), Grupo III; Tioacetamida (TAA) (300 mg / kg) (i.p) 2 veces con intervalos de 24 horas (n = 7), Grupo IV; TAA (300 mg / kg) se administró a intervalos de 24 horas, luego de una dosis única de 10 mg / kg de Mel (n = 7), Grupo V; Mel recibió 10 mg / kg de una dosis única 24 horas antes de la administración de TAA (n = 7). Los testículos se evaluaron histológicamente, inmunohistoquímicamente (proteínas de choque térmico (PCT) 70 y 90), testosterona en suero sanguíneo, estado antioxidante total (EAT) y estado oxidante total (EOT) en el tejido. En secciones de tejido del Grupo III se observó disminución de los diámetros de los túbulos seminíferos y derrames en el epitelio germinal. Se aumentaron las expresiones HSP70 y HSP90. No hubo un cambio estadísticamente significativo en los niveles de testosterona entre los grupos. Mientras que los niveles de EAT disminuyeron en el Grupo III en comparación con el control, los niveles de EOT no cambiaron. HSP70 y HSP90 disminuyeron en los grupos tratados con Mel. Se descubrió que Mel tenía efectos protectores y terapéuticos. Según nuestros resultados, el efecto terapéutico de Mel en la lesión testicular aguda inducida por tioacetamida es mayor que su efecto protector.

ABSTRACT Meteorological data are used in many studies, especially in planning, disaster management, water resources management, hydrology, agriculture and environment. Analyzing changes in meteorological variables is very important to understand a climate system and minimize the adverse effects of the climate changes. One of the main issues in meteorological analysis is the interpolation of spatial data. In recent years, with the developments in Geographical Information System (GIS) technology, the statistical methods have been integrated with GIS and geostatistical methods have constituted a strong alternative to deterministic methods in the interpolation and analysis of the spatial data. In this study; spatial distribution of precipitation and temperature of the Aegean Region in Turkey for years 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010 were obtained by the Ordinary Kriging method which is one of the geostatistical interpolation methods, the changes realized in 5-year periods were determined and the results were statistically examined using cell and multivariate statistics. The results of this study show that it is necessary to pay attention to climate change in the precipitation regime of the Aegean Region. This study also demonstrates the usefulness of the geostatistical approach in meteorological studies.