Abstract The congenital absence of multiple teeth may share the same genetic background of the development of some types of cancer. Objective: This systematic review aimed to investigate the possible association between dental agenesis and cancer, and the perspective of agenesis as an early predictor for cancer risk. Methodology: The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and OpenGrey were searched and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool. The GRADE tool was used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence. Results: Six studies met the eligibility criteria. A positive co-occurrence between ovarian cancer and hypodontia was found in two articles. Three studies evaluated the association between dental agenesis and colorectal cancer and only one showed common genes for these conditions. One paper found individuals with hypodontia had a higher risk of family history of cancer. Five studies had a fair quality and one a good quality. The certainty of evidence was classified as very low. Conclusion: Notwithstanding the limited scientific evidence, there may be a possible association between dental agenesis and cancer due to genes involved in both conditions. Agenesis of multiple teeth could be an early indicator of cancer risk. Nevertheless, studies with a better level of evidence are needed to confirm this possible association.

ResumoIntroduçãoO conhecimento das estruturas anatômicas localizadas na região entre os forames mentuais é de importância crucial nos planejamento pré-operatórios.ObjetivoAvaliar a posição do forame mentual relacionado aos ápices dos dentes, sua distância aos bordos da mandíbula com uso da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico.Material e métodoForam avaliadas 100 tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico da mandíbula realizada num único aparelho de tomografia. Cada imagem escolhida foi avaliada de forma repetida para ambos os lados da mandíbula, a posição do forame mentual, indicando a região em que o forame se encontrava e as medidas do forame mentual a cortical lingual e base da mandíbula. Os dados foram analisados inicialmente de forma descritiva. Um valor de p<0,05 foi escolhido como o nível de significância.Resultado42% dos forames mentuais estavam localizados no ápice do segundo pré-molar. A margem lingual do forame mentual localizou-se em média de 3,1 mm a partir da cortical lingual. A margem inferior do forame mentual foi localizada 7,25 mm acima da borda inferior da mandíbula.ConclusãoO forame mentual localizou-se com maior frequência em nível dos ápices dos segundos pré-molares, com distância à cortical lingual, em média, de 3,1 mm e base da mandíbula, em média, de 7,25 mm.

AbstractIntroductionKnowledge of the anatomical structures located in the region between the mental foramina is of critical importance in pre-operative planning.ObjectiveTo evaluate the position of the mental foramen relative to the apices of the teeth and the distance to the edges of the mandible, using cone beam computerized tomography.Material and methodOne hundred cone beam computerized tomographs of the mandible were evaluated; the tomographs were taken using a single tomographic device. Each image chosen was evaluated repeatedly from both sides of the mandible, the position of the mental foramen, indicating the region in which the foramen was found and the measures of the mental foramen, the lingual cortex and the mandibular base. Initially, the data were analyzed descriptively. A value of p<0.05 was chosen as the level of significance.ResultForty-two percent of the mental foramina were located in the apex of the second pre-molar. The lingual margin of the mental foramen was located, on average, 3.1mm from the lingual cortex. The lower margin of the mental foramen was located 7.25 mm above the lower edge of the mandible.ConclusionThe mental foramen was located more frequently at a level of the apices of the second pre-molars, with a distance to the lingual cortex, on average, of 3.1mm and to the base of the mandible, on average, of 7.25 mm.

A epúlide congênita é uma lesão benigna rara que acomete a cavidade oral de recém-nascidos e apresenta características histológicas semelhantes às do tumor de células granulares. A origem da lesão ainda não foi completamente elucidada, e as muitas hipóteses a respeito de sua histogênese baseiam-se na grande variedade de tipos celulares observados nos cortes histológicos. A epúlide desenvolve-se ainda no período pré-natal, e é mais comum em recém-nascidos do sexo feminino, ocorrendo com mais freqüência na maxila. Esta lesão costuma apresentar-se como um nódulo coberto por mucosa oral normal que, em alguns casos, interfere na respiração e na alimentação do bebê. Esse artigo descreve o caso de um bebê do gênero masculino, leucoderma, de dois meses de idade, que apresentava lesão intra-oral pediculada com implantação débil na região alveolar da mandíbula. Cortes histológicos revelaram a presença de fragmento de mucosa revestido por epitélio pavimentoso estratificado atrófico, e de tecido conjuntivo fibroso composto de células com citoplasma granular e eosinofílico abundante. Alguns dias após o exame inicial, a lesão desprendeu-se do rebordo alveolar, sofrendo resolução espontânea.

Congenital epulis is an uncommon benign lesion that affects the oral cavity of newborns, and presents histological features which are similar to those of granular cell tumor. The origin of this lesion has not been fully elucidated, and many hypotheses are considered due to the large variety of cell types observed in histological sections. Epulis development occurs further in the prenatal period, and is more common in newborn females, frequently in the maxilla. This lesion usually is presentend as a nodule covered by normal oral mucosa, which in some cases, interferes with baby's breathing and feeding. This report describes the case of a two-month-old male baby who presented a pedunculated intraoral lesion in the mandibular alveolar ridge. Histological sections revealed presence of mucosal fragments with atrophic squamous stratified epithelium, and fibrous connective tissue composed of cells with granular and eosinophilic cytoplasm. A few days after initial exam, the lesion detached from alveolar ridge, and healed spontaneously.

Trata-se de um estudo transversal com o objetivo de verificar a prevalência do HPV na cavidade oral de indivíduos sem lesões clinicamente diagnosticáveis e quais são os tipos encontrados neles. Foram analisadas 166 amostras em pacientes maiores de 18 anos de idade, residentes no Estado do Pará, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas por meio de raspado com escova estéril na cavidade oral. Para a detecção da presença do HPV, foi utilizada a técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). As amostras infectadas pelo HPV foram tipadas para HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52 e 58. Os resultados encontrados indicaram a presença de HPV em 40 amostras (24,1%). Três amostras (7,5%) foram positivas para HPV 6; cinco (12,5%), para HPV 18; e uma (2,5%), para HPV 58.

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine HPV prevalence in the oral cavity of individuals without clinically diagnosable lesions and to identify the respective HPV types. A total of 166 samples were analyzed from patients 18 years or older in the State of Pará, Brazil. Samples were collected by sterile brush scraping in the oral cavity. HPV detection used polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Infected samples were typed as HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52, and 58. HPV was present in 40 samples (24.1%). Three samples (7.5%) were positive for HPV 6, five (12.5%) for HPV 18, and one (2.5%) for HPV 58.

Se trata de un estudio transversal que tuvo por objetivo evaluar la prevalencia de HPV en la cavidad oral de sujetos sin lesiones orales clínicamente diagnosticables y qué tipos de HPV se encuentran en ellos. Se analizaron 166 muestras en pacientes mayores de 18 años de edad que viven en el estado de Pará, Brasil. Las muestras se recogieron por raspado con cepillo estéril en la cavidad oral. Para detectar la presencia de HPV se usó la técnica de Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR en inglés). En las muestras infectadas por el HPV se ejecutó una nueva PCR para los tipos HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52 y 58. Los resultados indicaron la presencia de HPV en 40 muestras (24,1%). Tres muestras (7,5%) fueron positivas en HPV 6, cinco (12,5%) en HPV 18 y una (2,5%) en HPV 58.

Trata-se de um estudo transversal com o objetivo de verificar a prevalência do HPV na cavidade oral de indivíduos sem lesões clinicamente diagnosticáveis e quais são os tipos encontrados neles. Foram analisadas 166 amostras em pacientes maiores de 18 anos de idade, residentes no Estado do Pará, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas por meio de raspado com escova estéril na cavidade oral. Para a detecção da presença do HPV, foi utilizada a técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). As amostras infectadas pelo HPV foram tipadas para HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52 e 58. Os resultados encontrados indicaram a presença de HPV em 40 amostras (24,1%). Três amostras (7,5%) foram positivas para HPV 6; cinco (12,5%), para HPV 18; e uma (2,5%), para HPV 58.

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine HPV prevalence in the oral cavity of individuals without clinically diagnosable lesions and to identify the respective HPV types. A total of 166 samples were analyzed from patients 18 years or older in the State of Pará, Brazil. Samples were collected by sterile brush scraping in the oral cavity. HPV detection used polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Infected samples were typed as HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52, and 58. HPV was present in 40 samples (24.1%). Three samples (7.5%) were positive for HPV 6, five (12.5%) for HPV 18, and one (2.5%) for HPV 58.

Se trata de un estudio transversal que tuvo por objetivo evaluar la prevalencia de HPV en la cavidad oral de sujetos sin lesiones orales clínicamente diagnosticables y qué tipos de HPV se encuentran en ellos. Se analizaron 166 muestras en pacientes mayores de 18 años de edad que viven en el estado de Pará, Brasil. Las muestras se recogieron por raspado con cepillo estéril en la cavidad oral. Para detectar la presencia de HPV se usó la técnica de Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR en inglés). En las muestras infectadas por el HPV se ejecutó una nueva PCR para los tipos HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52 y 58. Los resultados indicaron la presencia de HPV en 40 muestras (24,1%). Tres muestras (7,5%) fueron positivas en HPV 6, cinco (12,5%) en HPV 18 y una (2,5%) en HPV 58.

OBJETIVO: O osteossarcoma é uma neoplasia maligna do osso que possui um comportamento clínico agressivo, geralmente diagnosticado em estados tardios da doença, quando o tumor primário atinge dimensões significativas. Em muitos casos, tratamento cirúrgico agressivo com grandes ressecções ósseas e a necessidade de associação à rádio ou quimioterapia se fazem necessários para melhor controle de recidivas locais e metástases em tais lesões. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: No presente trabalho os autores relataram um caso de osteossarcoma na região de corpo e ramo mandibular esquerdo diagnosticado precocemente e avaliado de forma precisa pela tomografia computadorizada tipo cone beam. CONCLUSÃO: O diagnóstico precoce do osteossarcoma é uma condição pouco comum que afeta de forma favorável tanto o tratamento quanto o prognóstico deste tumor. A associação deste diagnóstico precoce com uma avaliação precisa do envolvimento tumoral foram determinantes na execução de um tratamento cirúrgico conservador e ainda assim com finalidade curativa, com um mínimo de seqüelas. O espaço pericementário deve ser especialmente observado, pois seu espessamento é muito mais comum em osteossarcomas. Estudos que possibilitem identificar esta lesão de forma mais precoce e precisa devem realizados, a fim de possibilitar uma sobrevida maior com melhor qualidade de vida.

PURPOSE: Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone neoplasm with aggressive clinical evolution which is usually diagnosed in late stages of the disease, when primary tumor reaches significant dimensions. In many cases, an aggressive surgical treatment, which includes major bone resection and is sometimes associated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is required for better control of local recurrence and metastasis in such lesions. CASE DESCRIPTION: This paper reports an early-diagnosed case of osteosarcoma in the left side of the mandible and an accurate evaluation of the tumor involvement by means of Cone Beam Computerized Tomography. CONCLUSION: The early diagnosis of osteosarcoma is an uncommon condition that has good influence both on the treatment and prognosis of such tumor. This early diagnosis and an accurate evaluation of the tumor involvement were determining factors for conservative, curative surgical procedure with minimum sequelae. The pericementary space should be especially observed, since its thickness is a much more common feature in osteosarcomas. Studies that allow for identifying osteosarcomas in earlier stages should be conducted in order to enable longer survival and better quality of life.

The aim of this article is to describe a case of leiomyosarcoma of the mandible with immunohistochemical analysis that was useful in making the final diagnosis. A 40-year-old woman was referred to the Stomatology Clinic of São Paulo Tatuapé Hospital, , for evaluation of a lesion on the left side of the mandible. This lesion presented a fast growth in the last 6 months. Intraoral examination showed a firm, fixed, red colored mass measuring, approximately 60-mm in diameter. No lymph nodes involvement was found. The radiographic examination showed a lytic lesion showed ill-demarcated radiolucent with facial and lingual cortical bone destruction. Microscopic examination of the mandibular lesion showed a neoplasm composed by interlacing fascicles of spindle-shaped cells. Most of the cells presented a blut-ended elongated shape. A marked cellular pleomorphism was observed, represented by cells with irregular shape and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Nuclei were large, hyperchromatic, either vacuoled or cigar-shape. The cytoplasm of the cells stained red with Masson’s trichrome stain. Neoplastic cells expressed vimentin, smooth-muscle actin, HHF-35 and desmin. These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma.

Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy, also known as Parry-Romberg Syndrome, is an uncommon degenerative and poorly understood condition. It is characterized by a slow and progressive atrophy affecting one side of the face. The incidence and the cause of this alteration is unknown. A cerebral disturbance of fat metabolism has been proposed as a primary cause. This can be the result of a trophic malformation of Cervical Sympathetic Nervous System. Possible factors that are involved in the pathogenesis include trauma, viral infections, heredity, endocrine disturbances and auto-immunity, among others. The most common complications that appear in association to this health disorder are: trigeminal neuritis, facial paresthesia, severe headache and epilepsy, being this last one the most frequent complication of the Central Nervous System. Characteristically, the atrophy progresses slowly for several years and, soon after, it become stable. Now, plastic surgery with graft of autogenous fat can be performed, after stabilization of the disease, to correct the deformity. Orthodontic treatment can help in the correction of any associated malformation. The objective of this work is, through the presentation of a clinical case, to accomplish a literature review concerning general characteristics, etiology, physiopathology, differential diagnosis and treatment of progressive hemifacial atrophy.