Hypertension is one of the primary modifiable risk factors for morbidity and mortality worldwide, being a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Furthermore, it is highly prevalent, affecting more than one-third of the global population. Blood pressure measurement is a MANDATORY procedure in any medical care setting and is carried out by various healthcare professionals. However, it is still commonly performed without the necessary technical care. Since the diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurement, it is clear how important it is to handle the techniques, methods, and equipment used in its execution with care. It should be emphasized that once the diagnosis is made, all short-term, medium-term, and long-term investigations and treatments are based on the results of blood pressure measurement. Therefore, improper techniques and/or equipment can lead to incorrect diagnoses, either underestimating or overestimating values, resulting in inappropriate actions and significant health and economic losses for individuals and nations. Once the correct diagnosis is made, as knowledge of the importance of proper treatment advances, with the adoption of more detailed normal values and careful treatment objectives towards achieving stricter blood pressure goals, the importance of precision in blood pressure measurement is also reinforced. Blood pressure measurement (described below) is usually performed using the traditional method, the so-called casual or office measurement. Over time, alternatives have been added to it, through the use of semi-automatic or automatic devices by the patients themselves, in waiting rooms or outside the office, in their own homes, or in public spaces. A step further was taken with the use of semi-automatic devices equipped with memory that allow sequential measurements outside the office (ABPM; or HBPM) and other automatic devices that allow programmed measurements over longer periods (HBPM). Some aspects of blood pressure measurement can interfere with obtaining reliable results and, consequently, cause harm in decision-making. These include the importance of using average values, the variation in blood pressure during the day, and short-term variability. These aspects have encouraged the performance of a greater number of measurements in various situations, and different guidelines have advocated the use of equipment that promotes these actions. Devices that perform HBPM or ABPM, which, in addition to allowing greater precision, when used together, detect white coat hypertension (WCH), masked hypertension (MH), sleep blood pressure alterations, and resistant hypertension (RHT) (defined in Chapter 2 of this guideline), are gaining more and more importance. Taking these details into account, we must emphasize that information related to diagnosis, classification, and goal setting is still based on office blood pressure measurement, and for this reason, all attention must be given to the proper execution of this procedure.

La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es uno de los principales factores de riesgo modificables para la morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo, siendo uno de los mayores factores de riesgo para la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y la insuficiencia renal. Además, es altamente prevalente y afecta a más de un tercio de la población mundial. La medición de la presión arterial (PA) es un procedimiento OBLIGATORIO en cualquier atención médica o realizado por diferentes profesionales de la salud. Sin embargo, todavía se realiza comúnmente sin los cuidados técnicos necesarios. Dado que el diagnóstico se basa en la medición de la PA, es claro el cuidado que debe haber con las técnicas, los métodos y los equipos utilizados en su realización. Debemos enfatizar que una vez realizado el diagnóstico, todas las investigaciones y tratamientos a corto, mediano y largo plazo se basan en los resultados de la medición de la PA. Por lo tanto, las técnicas y/o equipos inadecuados pueden llevar a diagnósticos incorrectos, subestimando o sobreestimando valores y resultando en conductas inadecuadas y pérdidas significativas para la salud y la economía de las personas y las naciones. Una vez realizado el diagnóstico correcto, a medida que avanza el conocimiento sobre la importancia del tratamiento adecuado, con la adopción de valores de normalidad más detallados y objetivos de tratamiento más cuidadosos hacia metas de PA más estrictas, también se refuerza la importancia de la precisión en la medición de la PA. La medición de la PA (descrita a continuación) generalmente se realiza mediante el método tradicional, la llamada medición casual o de consultorio. Con el tiempo, se han agregado alternativas a través del uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos o automáticos por parte del propio paciente, en salas de espera o fuera del consultorio, en su propia residencia o en espacios públicos. Se dio un paso más con el uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos equipados con memoria que permiten mediciones secuenciales fuera del consultorio (AMPA; o MRPA) y otros automáticos que permiten mediciones programadas durante períodos más largos (MAPA). Algunos aspectos en la medición de la PA pueden interferir en la obtención de resultados confiables y, en consecuencia, causar daños en las decisiones a tomar. Estos incluyen la importancia de usar valores promedio, la variación de la PA durante el día y la variabilidad a corto plazo. Estos aspectos han alentado la realización de un mayor número de mediciones en diversas situaciones, y diferentes pautas han abogado por el uso de equipos que promuevan estas acciones. Los dispositivos que realizan MRPA o MAPA, que además de permitir una mayor precisión, cuando se usan juntos, detectan la hipertensión de bata blanca (HBB), la hipertensión enmascarada (HM), las alteraciones de la PA durante el sueño y la hipertensión resistente (HR) (definida en el Capítulo 2 de esta guía), están ganando cada vez más importancia. Teniendo en cuenta estos detalles, debemos enfatizar que la información relacionada con el diagnóstico, la clasificación y el establecimiento de objetivos todavía se basa en la medición de la presión arterial en el consultorio, y por esta razón, se debe prestar toda la atención a la ejecución adecuada de este procedimiento.

A hipertensão arterial (HA) é um dos principais fatores de risco modificáveis para morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, sendo um dos maiores fatores de risco para doença arterial coronária, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e insuficiência renal. Além disso, é altamente prevalente e atinge mais de um terço da população mundial. A medida da PA é procedimento OBRIGATÓRIO em qualquer atendimento médico ou realizado por diferentes profissionais de saúde. Contudo, ainda é comumente realizada sem os cuidados técnicos necessários. Como o diagnóstico se baseia na medida da PA, fica claro o cuidado que deve haver com as técnicas, os métodos e os equipamentos utilizados na sua realização. Deve-se reforçar que, feito o diagnóstico, toda a investigação e os tratamentos de curto, médio e longo prazos são feitos com base nos resultados da medida da PA. Assim, técnicas e/ou equipamentos inadequados podem levar a diagnósticos incorretos, tanto subestimando quanto superestimando valores e levando a condutas inadequadas e grandes prejuízos à saúde e à economia das pessoas e das nações. Uma vez feito o diagnóstico correto, na medida em que avança o conhecimento da importância do tratamento adequado, com a adoção de valores de normalidade mais detalhados e com objetivos de tratamento mais cuidadosos no sentido do alcance de metas de PA mais rigorosas, fica também reforçada a importância da precisão na medida da PA. A medida da PA (descrita a seguir) é habitualmente feita pelo método tradicional, a assim chamada medida casual ou de consultório. Ao longo do tempo, foram agregadas alternativas a ela, mediante o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos ou automáticos pelo próprio paciente, nas salas de espera ou fora do consultório, em sua própria residência ou em espaços públicos. Um passo adiante foi dado com o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos providos de memória que permitem medidas sequenciais fora do consultório (AMPA; ou MRPA) e outros automáticos que permitem medidas programadas por períodos mais prolongados (MAPA). Alguns aspectos na medida da PA podem interferir na obtenção de resultados fidedignos e, consequentemente, causar prejuízo nas condutas a serem tomadas. Entre eles, estão: a importância de serem utilizados valores médios, a variação da PA durante o dia e a variabilidade a curto prazo. Esses aspectos têm estimulado a realização de maior número de medidas em diversas situações, e as diferentes diretrizes têm preconizado o uso de equipamentos que favoreçam essas ações. Ganham cada vez mais espaço os equipamentos que realizam MRPA ou MAPA, que, além de permitirem maior precisão, se empregados em conjunto, detectam a HA do avental branco (HAB), HA mascarada (HM), alterações da PA no sono e HA resistente (HAR) (definidos no Capítulo 2 desta diretriz). Resguardados esses detalhes, devemos ressaltar que as informações relacionadas a diagnóstico, classificação e estabelecimento de metas ainda são baseadas na medida da PA de consultório e, por esse motivo, toda a atenção deve ser dada à realização desse procedimento.

Abstract Background and Aims: Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) combines advantages of endoscopy and laparoscopy in order to resect upper gastrointestinal lesions. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LECS in patients with EGJ (esophagogastric junction), gastric and duodenal lesions, as well as to compare LECS with pure endoscopic and pure laparoscopic procedures. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge were searched. Efficacy (R0, recurrence) and safety (conversion rate, procedure and hospitalization time, adverse events, mortality) outcomes were extracted and pooled (odds ratio or mean difference) using a random-effects model. Study quality was assessed with Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and heterogeneity by Cochran’s Q test and I2 . Subgroup analysis according to location was performed. Results: This meta-analysis included 24 studies/1,336 patients (all retrospective cohorts). No significant differences were found between LECS and preexisting techniques (endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)/laparoscopy) regarding any outcomes. However, there was a trend to shorter hospitalization time, longer procedure duration, and fewer adverse events in LECS versus Laparoscopy and ESD. R0 tended to be higher in the LECS group. Hospitalization time was significantly shorter in gastric versus EGJ lesions (mean 7.3 vs. 13.7 days, 95% CI: 6.6-7.9 vs. 8.9-19.3). There were no significant differences in conversion rate, adverse events, or mean procedural time according to location. There was a trend to higher conversion rate and longer procedure durations in EGJ and higher rate of adverse events in duodenal lesions. Conclusion: LECS is a valid, safe, and effective treatment option in patients with EGJ, gastric, and duo-denal lesions, although existing studies are retrospective and prone to selection bias. Prospective studies are needed to assess if LECS is superior to established techniques. Key Messages: LECS is safe and effective in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal lesions, but there is no evidence of superiority over established techniques.

Resumo Introdução e objetivos: A Cirurgia cooperativa laparoscópica e endoscópica (LECS) combina vantagens da endoscopia e laparoscopia na resseção de lesões gastrointestinais superiores. O nosso objetivo é avaliar a eficácia e segurança da LECS em pacientes com lesões na junção esofagogástrica (EGJ), estômago e duodeno, e comparar a LECS com procedimentos puramente endoscópicos e laparoscópicos. Métodos: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge foram pesquisadas. Dados sobre eficácia (R0, recorrência) e segurança (taxa de conversão, duração do procedimento e hospitalização, recorrência, eventos adversos, mortalidade) foram colhidos e agrupados (odds ratio ou média das diferenças), usando modelo de efeitos randomizados. Qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada pela Escala Newcastle-Ottawa e heterogeneidade pelos testes Q da Cochran e I2. Foi realizada análise de subgrupos, consoante a localização. Resultados: Esta meta-análise incluiu 24 estudos/1336 pacientes (todos coortes retrospetivos). Não encontramos diferenças significativas entre LECS e as técnicas pré-existentes (Dis-seção endoscópica da submucosa (ESD)/Laparoscopia) em nenhum aspeto. Porém, encontramos uma tendência para hospitalização mais curta, procedimentos mais longos e menos efeitos adversos na LECS versus Laparoscopia e ESD. R0 tende a ser maior no grupo LECS. Hospitalização foi significativamente menor em lesões gástricas versus EGJ (média 7.3 vs. 13.7 dias, 95% CI: 6.6-7.9 vs. 8.9-19.3). Não encontramos diferenças significativas na taxa de conversão, eventos adversos nem tempo médio de procedimento. Porém encontramos uma tendência para taxas de conversão maiores e procedimentos mais lon-gos na EGJ e maior taxa de eventos adversos no duodeno. Conclusão: LECS é um tratamento válido, seguro e eficaz em pacientes com lesões na EGJ, estômago e duodeno, apesar dos estudos retrospetivos existentes estarem propensos a viés de seleção. São necessários estudos prospetivos para avaliar a superioridade da LECS face às técnicas existentes. Mensagens-chave: LECS é um tratamento seguro e eficaz para lesões gastrointestinais superiores, mas sem evidência de superioridade face às técnicas existentes.

RESUMO: Varronia curassavica DC. é uma espécie medicinal nativa do Brasil. Dentre os pontos críticos que influenciam a qualidade fitoquímica dos compostos bioativos destacam-se o espaçamento entre plantas, a colheita e a pós-colheita. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do espaçamento entre plantas, da época de colheita e da temperatura de secagem das folhas na produtividade e na qualidade fitoquímica do óleo essencial de V. curassavica. O cultivo orgânico foi realizado em 2018/2019 utilizando-se os seguintes espaçamentos entre plantas: 0.6 x 1.0; 0.8 x 1.0; 1.0 x 1.0; 1.0 x 1.6 m. Os teores de macro e micronutrientes das folhas foram avaliados e não se observou alterações consideráveis. Em 2018, as colheitas foram realizadas no verão, outono e inverno, sendo as folhas colhidas imediatamente submetidas ao processo de secagem a 40 °C. Em 2019, a colheita foi realizada no inverno, sendo as folhas submetidas ao processo de secagem a 40, 50 e 60 °C. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação e os constituintes químicos identificados CG-MS. A produção de óleo essencial foi significativamente maior no inverno e nos espaçamentos de 0,8 x 1,0 m e 1,0 x 1,0 m entre plantas. O teor de alfa-humuleno manteve-se dentro dos padrões recomendados em todas as temperaturas analisadas. Embora as temperaturas de secagem testadas não tenham comprometido o teor de alfa-humuleno, o aumento da temperatura ocasionou redução no rendimento do óleo essencial. Assim, recomenda-se o cultivo orgânico de V. currassavica no espaçamento entre 0,8 x 1,0 m e 1,0 m x 1,0 m, e a secagem de suas folhas entre 40 e 50 °C visando obter o maior rendimento e melhor qualidade fitoquímica de óleo essencial.

ABSTRACT: Varroniacurassavica is a Brazilian native medicinal species. Among the critical points influencing the phytochemical quality of bioactive compounds is the spacing between plants, harvest and post-harvest. This research aimed evaluated the influence of plant distance, harvest season, and leaves drying temperature on the yield and phytochemical quality of V. curassavica essential oil. The organic cultivation was carried out in 2018/2019 using 0.6 x 1.0; 0.8 x 1.0; 1.0 x 1.0; 1.0 x 1.6 m spacing between plants. The macro and micronutrient contents of the leaves were evaluated and no considerable changes were observed. In 2018 the harvest was performed in summer, autumn, and winter, and the harvested leaves were immediately submitted to the drying process at 40 °C. In 2019 the harvest was performed in winter, and the leaves were submitted to the drying process at 40, 50, and 60 °C. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and the chemical constituents were evaluated using CG-MS. The essential oil yield was significantly higher in winter and used 0.8 x 1.0 m and 1.0 x 1.0 m spacing between plants. The alpha-humulene content remained within the recommended standards at all analyzed temperatures. Although, the drying temperatures tested did not compromise the alpha-humulene content, the increasing temperature caused a reduction in the essential oil yield. Thus, it is recommended for the organic cultivation of V. currassavica the spacing of 0.8 x 1.0 m and 1.0 m x 1.0 m, and the drying of its leaves between 40 and 50 °C to earn the highest essential oil yield and phytochemical quality.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is one of the most common hepatic diseases in individuals with overweight or obesity. In this context, a panel of experts from three medical societies was organized to develop an evidence-based guideline on the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of MASLD. Material and methods: A MEDLINE search was performed to identify randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, cohort studies, observational studies, and other relevant studies on NAFLD. In the absence of studies on a certain topic or when the quality of the study was not adequate, the opinion of experts was adopted. Classes of Recommendation and Levels of Evidence were determined using prespecified criteria. Results: Based on the literature review, 48 specific recommendations were elaborated, including 11 on screening and diagnosis, 9 on follow-up, 14 on nonpharmacologic treatment, and 14 on pharmacologic and surgical treatment. Conclusions: A literature search allowed the development of evidence-based guidelines on the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of MASLD in individuals with overweight or obesity.

Abstract This study aims to map educational games related to the sexuality of adolescents/young people, based on publications that occurred over the last decade (2011 to 2020). An integrative review was performed in the Web of Science, SCOPUS, MEDLINE/PubMed, and LILACS databases in September 2020, with the final inclusion of 16 studies. Games developed on four continents were identified, predominantly in high-income countries, with the United States of America and Brazil being those that published the most. The tools consisted mostly of videogames and digital games, with the adoption of simulated scenarios and plots. Regarding development, there was a preference for the participatory construction mode, while some also underwent a validation process. The tools addressed several areas of human sexuality and demonstrated a positive potential for use, with educational gains and changes in habits, but their results need to be carefully considered. Only the effects of three games were evaluated by randomized controlled trials.

Resumo Objetiva-se mapear jogos educativos relacionados à sexualidade de adolescentes/jovens, a partir de publicações ocorridas na última década (2011 a 2020). Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Web of Science, SCOPUS, MEDLINE/PubMed e LILACS em setembro de 2020, com a inclusão final de 16 estudos. Identificaram-se jogos desenvolvidos em quatro continentes, com predominância em países de renda alta, sendo os Estados Unidos e o Brasil os que mais publicaram. As ferramentas eram, em sua maioria, videogames e jogos digitais, com a adoção de cenários e enredos simulados. Sobre o desenvolvimento, houve preferência pelo modo de construção participativo; alguns também passaram por processo de validação. Abordavam diversas áreas da sexualidade humana e demonstravam potencial positivo para uso, com ganhos educacionais e mudança de hábitos, mas seus resultados precisam ser ponderados. Apenas três jogos tiveram seus efeitos avaliados por estudos controlados e randomizados.

Resumo Objetiva-se mapear jogos educativos relacionados à sexualidade de adolescentes/jovens, a partir de publicações ocorridas na última década (2011 a 2020). Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Web of Science, SCOPUS, MEDLINE/PubMed e LILACS em setembro de 2020, com a inclusão final de 16 estudos. Identificaram-se jogos desenvolvidos em quatro continentes, com predominância em países de renda alta, sendo os Estados Unidos e o Brasil os que mais publicaram. As ferramentas eram, em sua maioria, videogames e jogos digitais, com a adoção de cenários e enredos simulados. Sobre o desenvolvimento, houve preferência pelo modo de construção participativo; alguns também passaram por processo de validação. Abordavam diversas áreas da sexualidade humana e demonstravam potencial positivo para uso, com ganhos educacionais e mudança de hábitos, mas seus resultados precisam ser ponderados. Apenas três jogos tiveram seus efeitos avaliados por estudos controlados e randomizados.

Abstract This study aims to map educational games related to the sexuality of adolescents/young people, based on publications that occurred over the last decade (2011 to 2020). An integrative review was performed in the Web of Science, SCOPUS, MEDLINE/PubMed, and LILACS databases in September 2020, with the final inclusion of 16 studies. Games developed on four continents were identified, predominantly in high-income countries, with the United States of America and Brazil being those that published the most. The tools consisted mostly of videogames and digital games, with the adoption of simulated scenarios and plots. Regarding development, there was a preference for the participatory construction mode, while some also underwent a validation process. The tools addressed several areas of human sexuality and demonstrated a positive potential for use, with educational gains and changes in habits, but their results need to be carefully considered. Only the effects of three games were evaluated by randomized controlled trials.

ABSTRACT: Sorghum breeding programs are based predominantly on developing homozygous lines to produce single cross hybrids, frequently with relatively narrow genetic bases. The adoption of complementary strategies, such as genetic diversity study, enables a broader vision of the genetic structure of the breeding germplasm. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of sorghum breeding lines using structure analysis, principal components (PC) and clustering analyses. A total of 160 sorghum lines were genotyped with 29,649 SNP markers generated by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). The PC and clustering analyses consistently divided the R (restorer) and B (maintainer) lines based on their pedigree, generating four groups. Thirty-two B and 21 R lines were used to generate 121 single-cross hybrids, whose performances were compared based on the diversity clustering of each parental line. The genetic divergence of B and R lines indicated a potential for increasing heterotic response in the development of hybrids. The genetic distance was correlated to heterosis, allowing for the use of markers to create heterotic groups in sorghum.

BACKGROUND Different strategies for improvement of malaria control and elimination are based on the blockage of malaria parasite transmission to the mosquito vector. These strategies include the drugs that target the plasmodial sexual stages in humans and the early developmental stages inside mosquitoes. OBJECTIVES Here we tested Malaria Box compounds in order to evaluate their activity against male and female gametocytes in Plasmodium berghei, mosquito infection in P. vivax and ookinete formation in both species. METHODS/FINDINGS The membrane feeding assay and the development of ookinetes by a 24 h ex vivo culture and the ookinete yield per 1000 erythrocytes were used to test transmission-blocking potential of the Malaria Box compounds in P. vivax. For P. berghei we used flow cytometry to evaluate male and female gametocyte time course and fluorescence microscopy to check the ookinete development. The two species used in this study showed similar results concerning the compounds’ activity against gametocytes and ookinetes, which were different from those in P. falciparum. In addition, from the eight Malaria Box compounds tested in both species, compounds MMV665830, MMV665878 and MMV665941 were selected as a hit compounds due the high inhibition observed. CONCLUSION Our results showed that P. berghei is suitable as an initial screening system to test compounds against P. vivax.

It is herein described the synthesis of a series of thirty novel 1,2,3-triazole-1,4 disubstituted compounds inspired on the known SRPKs inhibitor N-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)isonicotinamide (SRPIN340) and biological evaluation of them against human glioblastoma multiforme cell line U87MG. Starting with 1-fluoro-2 nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (1), the substances were prepared via a five-step synthetic route. The crucial step corresponded to the copper-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction between trifluoromethyl phenyl azides and different alkynes. In general, the compounds were obtained with good yields and they were characterized utilizing spectroscopic (IR and NMR) and spectrometric (HRMS) techniques. The evaluation of the synthesized compounds at three different treatment time (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h) and concentrations (50, 100, and 150 µmol L-1) revealed that five derivatives were capable of reducing cell viability by 50% after 72 h of treatment at the highest concentration. On the contrary, three derivatives significantly increased cell viability being this effect more pronounced after 48 h of treatment. In this regard, it stands out the compound 2-((1-(2-morpholino-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (7) which increased cell viability in approximately 300% after 48 h of treatment at 100 µmol L-1. The substances that increased cell viaiblity present as common structural features the presence of a saturated nitrogen-containing six-membered ring and carbonylated fragments.

BACKGROUND During routine Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis, an unusually high viral load was detected by reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in a nasopharyngeal swab sample collected from a patient with respiratory and neurological symptoms who rapidly succumbed to the disease. Therefore we sought to characterise the infection. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine and characterise the etiological agent responsible for the poor outcome. METHODS Classical virological methods, such as plaque assay and plaque reduction neutralisation test combined with amplicon-based sequencing, as well as a viral metagenomic approach, were performed to characterise the etiological agents of the infection. FINDINGS Plaque assay revealed two distinct plaque phenotypes, suggesting either the presence of two severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains or a productive coinfection of two different species of virus. Amplicon-based sequencing did not support the presence of any SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants that would explain the high viral load and suggested the presence of a single SARS-CoV-2 strain. Nonetheless, the viral metagenomic analysis revealed that Coronaviridae and Herpesviridae were the predominant virus families within the sample. This finding was confirmed by a plaque reduction neutralisation test and PCR. MAIN CONCLUSIONS We characterised a productive coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in a patient with severe symptoms that succumbed to the disease. Although we cannot establish the causal relationship between the coinfection and the severity of the clinical case, this work serves as a warning for future studies focused on the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1 coinfection and COVID-19 severity.

Resumo Amêndoas quebradas estão entre os subprodutos do processamento da castanha de caju e possuem menor valor comercial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter um concentrado proteico de amêndoas quebradas de castanha de caju, caracterizá-lo e utilizá-lo em uma formulação de hambúrguer vegetal. O concentrado foi obtido por precipitação isoelétrica em quatro valores de pH diferentes com subsequente secagem. O maior rendimento foi de 58,6% de proteínas nos pHs de 4,0 e 4,5. Quanto à capacidade de absorção de água e de óleo, o concentrado apresentou os seguintes resultados, respectivamente, 1,85 mL/a e 1,06 mL/g, assim como baixa solubilidade em meio aquoso e baixa capacidade de formação de espuma. Como uma alternativa ao uso da proteína de soja, o concentrado foi utilizado na fabricação de hambúrgueres vegetais. Esses hambúrgueres foram submetidos à avaliação sensorial e obtiveram média de 6,6 em uma escala de 9 pontos, estando assim dentro da zona de aceitação. Em relação à intenção de compra, 60% dos provadores declararam que provavelmente ou certamente comprariam o produto. Portanto, o concentrado de amêndoa de castanha de caju pode ser utilizado como um ingrediente proteico para uso na formulação de alimentos. A produção de concentrado proteico de amêndoa de caju permite o uso das amêndoas quebradas geradas no processo industrial da castanha de caju.

Abstract Broken kernels are among the by-products of processing cashew nuts which have less commercial value. The present work aimed to obtain a cashew kernel protein concentrate from broken kernels, and then characterize it as well as using it in a vegetable burger formulation. The concentrate was obtained by isoelectric precipitation at four different pHs and subsequent drying. Higher yield was 58.6% of proteins (pH 4.0 and 4.5). The concentrate showed Water Absorption Capacity (WAC) of 1.85 mL/g and Oil Absorption Capacity (OAC) of 1.06 mL/g, as well as low solubility in aqueous medium and low foaming capacity. The concentrate was used in vegetable burger production as a substitute for soybean protein. The burgers were submitted to sensory evaluation and obtained an average of 6.6 on a nine-point scale, thus being within the acceptance zone. Regarding the purchase intent, 60% of the judges would probably or would certainly buy the product. Therefore, the cashew kernel protein concentrate can be used as a protein ingredient for food formulation. Producing cashew kernel protein concentrate allows the use of broken kernels generated in the cashew nut industrial process.

Abstract We investigate the impact of yacon syrup consumption on glycemic, lipid and metabolic endotoxemia in healthy subjects. Thus, 32 healthy were randomized into two groups that consumed 40 g of yacon syrup/day (= 8.74 g FOS/day) or a placebo, for 2-weeks. Anthropometric assessments, gastrointestinal effects, glycemic and lipid profile, and LPS were performed at the beginning and at the end of the study. The results obtained shown that the 2-weeks consumption of yacon syrup does not promote serum LPS alteration in healthy volunteers. Moreover, the glycemic and lipid profile were also similar between the groups before and after the intervention. Yacon syrup did not affect blood lipid, glucose or metabolic endotoxemia. However, it is possible that positive effects of yacon syrup will turn evident only in a long-term intervention. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term effect of yacon syrup consumption, and its use in obese and diabetic individuals.

Resumo Os caroços, subprodutos do processamento da polpa de pequi, têm em seu núcleo uma amêndoa que não é utilizada devido à dificuldade de sua extração a partir do endocarpo espinhoso. No entanto, essa amêndoa possui óleo de alta qualidade que pode ser usado para consumo humano. Neste trabalho, avaliaram-se a composição da amêndoa e do óleo, bem como as condições de obtenção do óleo da amêndoa por prensagem hidráulica. A amêndoa apresentou alto teor lipídico (55,76%), sendo boa fonte de obtenção de óleo. A extração de óleo por prensagem hidráulica apresentou maior rendimento nas faixas de 5,5 ton a 6,0 ton de força e 9% a 10% de umidade. A recuperação de óleo foi de 75%. O óleo de amêndoa de pequi apresentou baixos valores de índice de acidez (0,17 mg KOH / g) e peróxidos (1,22 mEq O2 / kg). Além disso, o óleo de amêndoa apresentou altos níveis de ácido oleico (42,47%). Esses resultados indicam que a extração de óleo de amêndoa é uma forma alternativa de utilização de caroços para aumentar a renda do produtor / processador e para diminuir o volume de resíduos no processamento de pequi.

Abstract The seed by-products of pequi pulp processing have a kernel in its core which is not used due to the difficulty of its extraction from the spinous endocarp. However, this kernel has high quality oil which can be used for human consumption. Thus, the kernel and the oil composition as well as the conditions to obtain the kernel oil by hydraulic pressing were evaluated in this study. The kernel showed high lipid content (55.76%), therefore being a good source for obtaining oil. The oil extraction by hydraulic pressing presented a higher yield at 5.5 tons to 6.0 tons of force and 9% to 10% moisture. Oil recovery was 75%. The pequi kernel oil showed low acid (0.17 mg KOH/g) and peroxide (1.22 mEq O2/kg) values. The kernel oil also presented high levels of oleic acid (42.47%). The results indicate that the kernel oil extraction is an alternative form for using seeds to increase the producer/processor income and to decrease residue volumes in the pequi processing industry.

Abstract Since the emergence of the chikungunya virus in Brazil in 2014, more than 700,000 cases have been reported throughout the country, corresponding to one-third of all cases reported in the Americas. In addition to its high attack rates, resulting in hundreds of thousands of cases, the disease has high chronicity rates with persistent joint manifestations for more than 3 months, which can spread to more than half of the patients affected in the acute phase. Pain associated with musculoskeletal manifestations, often disabling, has an effect on patients’ quality of life at different stages of the disease. Currently, the challenge faced by specialists is identifying the best therapy to be instituted for symptom relief despite the limited number of published intervention studies. In 2016, a multidisciplinary group published pharmacological treatment protocols for pain in patients with chikungunya, which was incorporated into the guidelines for clinical management of the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2017; in that same year, a consensus was published by the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology about diagnosis and treatment. After 5 years of experience with chikungunya epidemics, in 2019, specialists involved in the protocols of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology and Brazilian Ministry of Health prepared an update with the main objective of developing flowcharts for the therapeutic approach of musculoskeletal manifestations in adult patients to enable specialists at different levels of healthcare to spread and apply this guideline in a systematic and simplified manner.

Resumo A administração indiscriminada de anti-helmínticos sintéticos, como a ivermectina, contribui para a seleção de subpopulações capazes de resistir ao efeito das drogas. Para entender os mecanismos de resistência à ivermectina em Caenorhabditis elegans, este estudo visou identificar alvos moleculares. Portanto, linhagens de C. elegans sensíveis e resistentes à ivermectina foram utilizadas. Os nematóides coletados foram adicionados ao tampão de extração e macerados em nitrogênio líquido para obtenção das proteínas. As proteínas extraídas foram separadas por peso molecular em SDS-PAGE para verificar sua integridade. Posteriormente, as proteínas de ambas as linhagens foram separadas por eletroforese bidimensional. Os géis foram analisados, os spots relevantes foram excisados e identificados por espectrometria de massa (NanoESI-Q-TOF e MASCOT®), em seguida, analisados em seus termos de GO e STRING®. A expressão aumentada de proteínas associadas à alta atividade metabólica, como as proteínas ATP-2 e ENOL-1, responsáveis pela síntese de ATP, foi observada. Além disso, foram identificadas as proteínas responsáveis pelo controle da função muscular (MLC-1, ACT-1 e PDI-2), sinalização (FAR-1 e FAR-2) e desenvolvimento embrionário (VHA-2). A análise das interações proteicas indicou que a maioria das proteínas identificadas na cepa resistente participa da mesma reação desencadeada pela ivermectina.

Abstract The indiscriminate administration of synthetic anthelmintics such as ivermectin contributes to the selection of subpopulations capable of resisting the drugs’ effects. To understand the mechanisms of ivermectin resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans, this study attempted to identify molecular targets. C. elegans lineages that were sensitive and resistant to ivermectin were used. Collected nematodes were added to an extraction buffer and macerated in liquid nitrogen for protein extraction. The extracted proteins were separated according to molecular weight by SDS-PAGE to verify their integrity. Subsequently, proteins from both lineages were separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis. The gels were analyzed and the relevant spots were excised and identified by mass spectrometry (NanoESI-Q-TOF and MASCOT®) and subsequently assessed by GO enrichment and STRING® analyses. The increased expression of proteins associated with high metabolic activity, such as ATP-2 and ENOL-1, which are responsible for ATP synthesis, was observed. Furthermore, proteins with involvement in mediating muscular function (MLC-1, ACT-1, and PDI-2), signaling (FAR-1 and FAR-2), and embryo development (VHA-2) were identified. Protein interaction analysis indicated that the majority of the identified proteins in the resistant lineages participated in the same reaction triggered by ivermectin.