Abstract The main objective of this paper was investigate the possible conditions and the influence of the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (PRONAF) on the rural development of microregions in the state of Minas Gerais, in the years 2006 and 2017. To this end, it was built through from factor analysis, the rural development index (IDR) for the purpose of synthesizing information related to rural development in Minas Gerais. The index was used to analyze possible spatial configurations and rural development conditions according to PRONAF. The main results obtained indicated that, despite the observance of improvements in family establishments, mainly, in economic terms (modernization and income) and the advance of the IDR of some microregions, the state of Minas Gerais was unable to boost its rural development only with the PRONAF. Although the distribution of the Program's resources in poorer regions was significant in 2006, in the year 2017, there was a directing of resources to regions with greater potential and whose agricultural production is turned to the foreign market.

Resumo O objetivo principal do artigo foi investigar as possíveis condições e a influência do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) sobre o desenvolvimento rural de microrregiões de Minas Gerais, nos anos de 2006 e 2017. Para tanto, foi construído o índice de desenvolvimento rural (IDR), por intermédio da análise fatorial. Em seguida, o IDR foi utilizado para analisar as possíveis condições do desenvolvimento rural de acordo com o PRONAF, a partir da análise qualitativa comparativa (QCA). Os principais resultados obtidos indicam que, apesar da observância de melhorias nos estabelecimentos familiares, principalmente em termos econômicos e o avanço do IDR em algumas microrregiões, Minas Gerais não conseguiu impulsionar o seu desenvolvimento rural somente com o PRONAF. Embora a distribuição dos recursos do programa em regiões mais carentes tenha sido significativa em 2006, no ano de 2017 observou-se o direcionamento dos recursos para regiões de maior potencial e produção agrícola voltada para o mercado externo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of the use of midazolam as monotherapy, compared to the associated use of midazolam and hydroxyzine for minimum and moderate sedation of children in dental offices, using data obtained from clinical trials. Material and Methods: A systematic review protocol was developed and registered on PROSPERO (CR42020208633). An electronic search was carried out in Pubmed, Lilacs, Science Direct, Open Gray, Web of Science, and central Cochrane Library. No language restrictions were included. Clinical trials were carried out with children aged 0-12 years, using midazolam as monotherapy compared to the use of midazolam associated with hydroxyzine to verify the effectiveness and safety of oral sedation. The quality of the studies was individually assessed and grouped using the RoB 2 (Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials) and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) systems, respectively. Results: A total of 749 studies were found. After analyzing the inclusion and removal of duplicates, two studies were analyzed for the quality of evidence. Through this analysis, it was possible to verify the very low level of scientific evidence on the superiority of the efficacy and safety of the combined use of midazolam and hydroxyzine for oral sedation in children in dental offices. Conclusion: The conflicting results and limitations of the studies enabled to establish that there is insufficient evidence to support the use of these drugs combined. There is only evidence for the use of midazolam as monotherapy.

ABSTRACT Objective The objective was to compare the maternal and perinatal characteristics and outcomes between women with and without diabetes in a Brazilian cohort of women with preterm births. Methods This was an ancillary analysis of the Brazilian Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth, which included 4,150 preterm births. This analysis divided preterm births into two groups according to the presence of diabetes; pregestational and gestational diabetes were clustered in the same Diabetes Group. Differences between both groups were assessed using χ 2 or Student’s t tests. Results Preterm births of 133 and 4,017 women with and without diabetes, respectively, were included. The prevalence of diabetes was 3.2%. Pregnant women aged ≥35 years were more common in the Diabetes Group (31.6% versus 14.0% non-diabetic women, respectively). The rate of cesarean section among patients with diabetes was 68.2% versus 52.3% in non-diabetic cases), with a gestational age at birth between 34 and 36 weeks in 78.9% of the cases and 62.1% of the controls. Large-for-gestational-age babies were 7 times more common in the Diabetes Group. Conclusion Preterm birth among Brazilian women with diabetes was more than twice as prevalent; these women were older and had regular late preterm deliveries, usually by cesarean section. They also had a greater frequency of fetal morbidities, such as malformations and polyhydramnios, and a higher proportion of large-for-gestational-age and macrosomic neonates.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine agreement in assessing the need for postpartum pharmacological prophylaxis between the scale of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the Colombian guideline scale in a Level IV institution in Bogota, Colombia. Material and methods: Diagnostic agreement study assembled on a cross-sectional study. The included population consisted of pregnant women with 24 or more weeks of pregnancy admitted between March 1 and April 30 of 2021 to a high complexity private institution in Bogotá, Colombia, for labor induction, in active labor, for elective cesarean section, or who required urgent cesarean section. Convenience sampling was used. Measured variables included demographics, risk factors, risk classification and pharmacological prophylaxis according to the two scales. The prevalence of risk factors for each scale was estimated and agreement regarding prophylaxis indication between the two scales was measured using the weighted kappa value. Results: Overall, 320 patients were included. According to the scale of the Royal College Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 54.7 % patients were classified as low risk, 42.5 % as intermediate risk and 2.8 % as high risk. The Colombian scale classified 80 % of patients as low risk, 17.2 % as intermediate risk, 2.2 % as high risk, and 0.6 % as very high risk. The weighted kappa value for agreement regarding the indication was 0.47 (95 % CI: 0.38-0.56). Conclusions: Agreement between the two scales to determine the need for postpartum pharmacological prophylaxis is moderate. Risk classification criteria for the Colombian scale should be validated in a second cohort. Moreover, the predictive ability of the Colombian guideline tool should be assessed at different cut-off points in terms of the consequences of false positive and false negative results.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Establecer la concordancia para evaluar el requerimiento de profilaxis farmacológica en el puerperio entre la escala del Rojal College Obstetricians and Gynaecologists y la escala de la guía colombiana en una institución de cuarto nivel en Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de concordancia diagnóstica ensamblado sobre un estudio transversal. Se incluyeron mujeres embarazadas con 24 o más semanas de gestación que ingresaron para inducción de trabajo de parto, en trabajo de parto activo, para cesárea electiva, o que requirieron cesárea de urgencia, hospitalizadas entre el 1 de marzo y 30 de abril de 2021 en una institución privada de alta complejidad en Bogotá, Colombia. Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia. Se midieron variables demográficas, factores de riesgo, clasificación del riesgo y profilaxis farmacológica según las dos escalas. Se calculó la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo por cada escala y la concordancia en la indicación de la profilaxis entre las dos escalas por medio del valor de kappa ponderado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 320 pacientes. La escala del Royal College Obstetricians and Gynaecologists clasificó al 54,7 % de las pacientes en riesgo bajo, riesgo intermedio al 42,5 % y riesgo alto al 2,8 %. La escala colombiana clasificó al 80 % de las pacientes en riesgo bajo, 17,2 % riesgo intermedio, 2,2 % riesgo alto y 0,6 % con riesgo muy alto. El valor kappa ponderado para la concordancia para indicación fue de 0,47 (IC 95 %: 0,38-0,56). Conclusiones: La concordancia de las dos escalas para definir requerimiento de profilaxis farmacológica en el posparto tiene un acuerdo moderado. Se considera es necesario validar los criterios de clasificación del riesgo de la escala colombiana en una segunda cohorte, además evaluar la capacidad predictiva de la herramienta de la guía colombiana en diferentes puntos de corte en términos de las consecuencias de falsos positivos y negativos.

SUMMARY A cross-sectional study was conducted with the objective of identifying the link between psychotropic medications and an increased risk of suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients under treatment with psychotropic medication who were hospitalized in General Hospital (Hospital Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay) during the July-September 2019 period. The STOP BANG questionnaire was applied, elevated risk of OSA was found in 59.4% of the sample, of which 75.6% were male, while 24.4% were female. The elevated risk of OSA was: 54.4% for patients under treatment with a single psychotropic medication and 71.4% for patients under treatment with two psychotropic medications. Antipsychotics were the most frequently group of psychotropic drugs linked to an elevated OSA risk.

RESUMEN: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional, de corte transversal, con el objetivo de identificar la asociación del consumo de psicofármacos y el aumento del riesgo de padecer apnea obstructiva del sueño (A.O.S.), en pacientes internados y bajo tratamiento con psicofármacos en Hospital General (Hospital Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay) durante julio-septiembre de 2019. Se aplicó el cuestionario STOP BANG, hallándose riesgo elevado de A.O.S en el 59,4% de la muestra, del cual 75,6% corresponde al sexo masculino y el 24,4% corresponde al sexo femenino. El riesgo elevado para A.O.S fue: 54,3% para pacientes en tratamiento con un solo psicofármaco y 71,4% con dos. El grupo de antipsicóticos fue el que se asoció con mayor frecuencia al riesgo elevado de A.O.S.

Resumen Objetivo: Disminuir la brecha del conocimiento de la Enfermedad de Kawasaki (EK) y dar herramientas al personal médico por medio de la descripción de la demografía, presentación clínica, los hallazgos de laboratorio, la frecuencia de lesiones coronarias y desenlaces en 2 instituciones de salud en Bogotá, Colombia. Metodología: Estudio observacional retrospectivo mediante la revisión de historias clínicas de los códigos CIE-10 de paciente pediátricos donde se evaluaron características demográficas, presentación clínica, datos paraclínicos (incluidos hallazgos ecocardiográficos), tratamiento recibido y respuesta a este, en pacientes admitidos entre junio de 2015 y junio de 2020. Resultados: Se incluyeron 36 pacientes entre 3 meses y 15 años. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 2.9 años, siendo la EK más frecuente en niños en una rela ción 2:1. El 61.1% presentó EK completa o clásica, el 30.5% EK incompleta y el 8.3% EK atípica. Todos los pacientes recibieron inmunoglobulina intravenosa antes del día 10 del curso de la enfermedad, con remisión de la fiebre antes de 12 horas luego de la administración. La incidencia de compromiso coronario fue de 30.6%. Conclusiones: La Enfermedad de Kawasaki tiene un curso clínico característico que afecta especialmente a niños menores de 5 años. Es una entidad clínica que, al ser reconocida con mayor frecuencia por pediatras, permite instaurar diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos evitando complicaciones y secuelas a mediano y largo plazo.

Abstract Objective: To reduce the knowledge gap about Kawasaki Disease (KD) and to provide tools to medical personnel through the description of demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, frequency of coronary lesions and outcomes in 2 health institutions in Bogota Colombia. Methodology: Retrospective observational study by reviewing the clinical records of the ICD-10 codes of pediatric patients where demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, paraclinical data (including echocardiographic findings), treatment received and response to it were evaluated, in patients admitted between June 2015 and June 2020. Results: The mean age of the patients was 2.9 years, being KD more frequent in boys a 2:1 ratio. 61.1% had complete or classic KD, 30.5% had incomplete KD, and 8.3% atypical KD. All patients received intravenous immunoglobulin before day 10 of the course of the disease, with remission of fever within 12 hours after administration. The incidence of coronary compromise was 30.6%. Conclusions: KD has a characteristic clinical course that especially affects children under 5 years. A more frequent recognition of this clinical entity by pediatricians, allows for an early diagnosis and treatment avoiding complications and sequelae in the medium and long term.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as ocorrências de parasitos e determinar as taxas de infestação/infecção parasitária em juvenis de Arapaima gigas de sete pisciculturas do Estado do Amazonas, relacionando às características dessas pisciculturas. Dos 70 A. gigas avaliados, 43 estavam infestados/infectados, com um total de 133 parasitos coletados. As pisciculturas 2, 4 e 6 apresentaram os maiores níveis de prevalência de parasitas (100%, 70%, 70%), intensidade média (4,1±2,6, 8,1±9,2 e 2,1±1,3) e abundância média (4,1±2,6, 5,7±8,1 e 1,5±1,5), respectivamente. A prevalência variou de 30% a 100%, intensidade média de 1,0 a 8,1 e abundância média de 0,3 a 5,7. Monogenea, Digenea, Nematoda (Hysterothylacium sp. e Spirocamallanus sp.) e Acanthocephala (Neoechinorhynchus sp. e Polyacanthorhynchus sp.) foram identificados. Os parasitas Hysterothylacium sp. e Neoechinorhynchus sp. foram os mais prevalentes com 31,43% e 15,71%, respectivamente. Os peixes apresentaram alometria negativa no crescimento e fator de condição constante. Foram discutidas as medidas de prevenção e controle das doenças parasitárias diagnosticadas, assim como práticas profiláticas que contribuam para a biossegurança das fazendas.

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the parasites occurrences and to determine the rates of infestation/parasitic infection in juvenile Arapaima gigas from seven fish farms in the state of Amazonas, relating to the characteristics of these fish farms. Of the 70 A. gigas evaluated, 43 were infested/infected, with a total of 133 parasites collected. Three fish farms (2, 4, 6) showed the highest levels of prevalence of parasites (100%, 70%, 70%), mean intensity (4.1±2.6, 8.1±9.2, and 2.1±1.3), and mean abundance (4.1±2.6, 5.7±8.1, and 1.5±1.5), respectively. Prevalence ranged from 30% to 100%, mean intensity from 1.0 to 8.1 and mean abundance from 0.3 to 5.7. Monogenea, Digenea, Nematoda (Hysterothylacium sp. and Spirocamallanus sp.) and Acanthocephala (Neoechinorhynchus sp. and Polyacanthorhynchus sp.) were identified. The parasites Hysterothylacium sp. and Neoechinorhynchus sp. were the most prevalent parasites with 31.43% and 15.71%, respectively. The fish presented negative allometry in growth and constant condition factor. Measures to prevent and control the parasitic diseases diagnosed are discussed as well prophylactic practices that contribute to the biosecurity of the farms.

Abstract In Brazil, the White-backed Stilt Himantopus melanurus is distributed in the midwest, south and southeast but breeding information is scarce. In this study, species breeding information in the country was compiled from online platform (WikiAves, eBird) and literature. A case study describing nests and egg biometry were reported in Restinga of Jurubatiba National Park (RJNP), on the north cost of Rio de Janeiro state, as well potential threats to the species. Sampling was carried out in September and December 2018, monthly in 2019 and between January to March and September to December in 2020. Overall, 70 breeding records were compiled, between 1997 and November 2021, being 64 from WikiAves in all regions of Brazil, four records from eBird in São Paulo state (in 2021) and two records in literature (one from São Paulo state, in 2007 and one from Rio de Janeiro in 2012). In RJNP, 44 nests were identified being 34 active, with an average of 3.5 eggs per nest, and overall 118 eggs were measured. The main materials used to build the nests were the saltmarsh plant and mud. Around 60% of nests were degraded or predated. Predation was the main cause of egg loss. Successful nests (with chicks or hatching signs) represented 26% of the total nests monitored. This study reports the first information on the biometry of the species’ eggs and nests, confirming the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro state as a nesting area for the species.

ABSTRACT In this work, the role of the degree of acetalization of polyvinylbutyral (PVB) on the dynamic mechanical properties of PVB nanocomposites was evaluated. Nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanoparticles (pristine or oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and graphene nanoplatelets) were prepared by in situ addition during the synthesis of PVB from polyvinyl alcohol. It was found that the presence of nanoreinforcements during the synthesis considerably alters the degree of acetalization (AD) of PVB (ca. 65 mol% for the neat polymer), which values ranged from 50 to 77 mol%. Dynamic mechanical analyses were used to calculate the storage modulus and other parameters such as: factor C, degree of entanglement and adhesion factor, which were correlated with scanning electron microscopy images. There was a tendency to decrease AD with the increase in the degree of oxidation of the nanoreinforcements, however this contributed to a better dispersion and adhesion of these to the polymer matrix and, consequently, altered positively the nanocomposite properties.

Abstract Background: the ketogenic diet (CD) is an established, effective non-pharmacological treatment for refractory epilepsy in childhood. Aim: the objective of this study was to compare the efficacy, the presence of undesirable effects, and adherence between the classic ketogenic diet (DCC) and the modified Atkins diet (DAM). Materials and methods: a retrospective and comparative investigation was carried out to evaluate the medical records of all the patients who started treatment with a ketogenic diet by the same team between 2008 and 2018. In all, 57 patients were started on a DAM diet and 19 patients were given a DCC diet. Results: it was observed that both the Atkins and the classic diets were equally effective (approximately, 80 %; p = 0.252). Regarding adherence, there was a significantly higher percentage of adherence to the Atkins diet than to the classic diet (p = 0.018). Fewer adverse effects were observed with DAM than with DCC (p = 0.012). In all, 21 % of patients under DAM had unfavorable effects (12/57), while 52.63 % of patients on DCC had complications (10/19). Conclusion: a comparable effectiveness in terms of crisis control was found between DAM and DCC. However, DAM exhibits a much better adherence than DCC, and its undesirable effects are milder, less common. That is why, according to other works, it is likely that DAM should be first-choice for patients with refractory epilepsy in a large percentage of cases.

Resumen Introducción: la dieta cetogénica (CD) es un tratamiento no farmacológico efectivo, ya establecido para la epilepsia refractaria en la infancia. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la eficacia, la presencia de efectos indeseables y la adherencia entre la dieta cetogénica clásica (DCC) y la dieta de Atkins modificada (DAM). Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación retrospectiva y comparativa, evaluando las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes que iniciaron tratamiento con dieta cetogénica a cargo de un mismo equipo de trabajo entre 2008 y 2018. Se incluyeron 57 pacientes que iniciaron una dieta DAM y 19 pacientes con dieta DCC. Resultados: se observó que tanto la dieta Atkins como la clásica fueron igualmente eficaces (80 %, aproximadamente; p = 0,252). En relación a la adherencia, se registró un porcentaje significativamente mayor de adherencia a la dieta Atkins que a la clásica (p = 0,018). Se observaron menos efectos adversos con la DAM que con la dieta CC (p = 0,012). El 21 % de los pacientes con DAM presentaron efectos desfavorables (12/57), mientras que el 52.63 % de los pacientes en DCC tuvieron complicaciones (10/19). Conclusión: se describe una efectividad equiparable en cuanto al control de crisis entre la DAM y la DCC. Sin embargo, la DAM presenta una adherencia mucho mejor que la observada con la DCC y sus efectos indeseables son más leves y más infrecuentes. Es por eso que, de acuerdo con otros trabajos, la DAM probablemente sea la primera elección para los pacientes con epilepsia refractaria en un gran porcentaje de los casos.

Objective. Analyze the trend of leprosy indicators in Goiás between 2001 and 2017. Methods. An ecological study of time series was carried out. Leprosy morbidity and operational indicators were calculated from data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Prais-Winsten regression was used for trend analysis. Results. There was a trend: decreasing detection rate in the general population (Annual Percentage Change [APC] = -6.8 – 95%CI  -8.2;-5.4) and in children under 15 years old (APC = -7.2 – 95%CI -8.5;-5.9); increasing proportion of disability grade 2 (APC = 3.7 – 95%CI 2.0;5.3) and proportion of physical disability examined (APC = 0.6 – 95%CI 0.3;0.8); the proportion of healing and contacts examined were stable. Conclusion. Detection rates decreased while the proportions of grade 2 physical disability and physical disability examined increased.

Objetivo. Analisar a tendência dos indicadores da hanseníase em Goiás no período de 2001 a 2017. Métodos. Foi realizado estudo ecológico de séries temporais. Indicadores de morbidade e operacionais da hanseníase foram calculados a partir de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan). Utilizou-se regressão de Prais-Winsten para análise de tendência. Resultados. Verificou-se tendência decrescente na taxa de detecção na população geral (variação percentual anual [VPA] = -6,8 – IC95% -8,2;-5,4) e em menores de 15 anos de idade (VPA = -7,2 – IC95% -8,5;-5,9); e tendência crescente na proporção de grau 2 de incapacidade física (VPA = 3,7 – IC95% 2,0;5,3) e na proporção de incapacidade física examinada (VPA = 0,6 – IC95% 0,3;0,8); as proporções de cura e de contatos examinados mostraram-se estáveis. Conclusão. As taxas de detecção diminuíram, enquanto as proporções de grau 2 de incapacidade física e de incapacidade física examinada cresceram.

Resumo Introdução: Um ressurgimento da sífilis no Brasil tem sido relatado nos últimos anos. Objetivo: Investigar a frequência, as características demográficas e clínicas dos pacientes com sífilis adquirida com envolvimento oral que receberam atendimento médico em um centro de referência em medicina oral em um hospital público brasileiro. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, abrangeu 12 anos, feito para identificar tendências de mudança na sífilis. Registros médicos de todos os pacientes diagnosticados com sífilis adquirida que receberam atendimento médico na clínica de medicina oral do hospital de 2005 a 2016 foram revisados e os dados demográficos e clínicos foram coletados. Resultados: Foram diagnosticas 85 pacientes com sífilis adquirida, com um aumento significativo no número de casos nos últimos 5 anos. A idade dos pacientes variou de 16 a 76 anos, com pico na terceira e quarta décadas; 48 casos eram do sexo masculino (56,5%) e 37 do sexo feminino (43,5%). A maioria das lesões orais apareceu como úlceras ou placas únicas, os lábios e a língua representaram os locais mais afetados. Todos os casos foram positivos para Venereal Disease Research Laboratory e Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption Test e o tratamento foi feito com penicilina G benzatina na maioria dos casos (84,7%). Conclusão: A frequência da sífilis oral tem aumentado com o tempo e as lesões orais podem representar uma pista diagnóstica; portanto, os profissionais de saúde bucal devem ser conscientizados e devidamente treinados na tentativa de desenvolver um alto grau de suspeição clínica no diagnóstico da sífilis.

Abstract Introduction: A resurgence of syphilis in Brazil has been reported in recent years. Objective: With this in mind, the present study sought to investigate the frequency, demographics, and clinical characteristics of patients with acquired syphilis with oral involvement who received medical care at an Oral Medicine Reference Center in a Brazilian Public Hospital. Methods: A retrospective study, spanning a period of 12 years, was performed to identify changing trends in syphilis over time. Medical records from all patients diagnosed with acquired syphilis who received medical care at the Hospital's Oral Medicine Clinic from 2005 to 2016 were reviewed, and the demographic and clinical data were collected. Results: A total of 85 patients had been diagnosed with acquired syphilis, with a significant increase in the number of cases over the past 5 years. Patients ranged from 16 to 76 years of age, with a peak in the third and fourth decades. Forty-eight cases affected males (56.5%), while 37 cases affected females (43.5%). Most of the oral lesions appeared as unique ulcers or plaques, with the lips and tongue representing the most affected sites. All cases were positive for Venereal Disease Research Laboratory or Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption, and treatment was performed with Penicillin G benzathine in most cases (84.7%). Conclusion: The frequency of oral syphilis has been rising over time and oral lesions may well represent a diagnostic clue; therefore, oral health professionals must be made aware and properly trained in an attempt to develop a high degree of clinical suspicion in the diagnosis of syphilis.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a tendência dos indicadores da hanseníase em Goiás no período de 2001 a 2017. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo ecológico de séries temporais. Indicadores de morbidade e operacionais da hanseníase foram calculados a partir de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan). Utilizou-se regressão de Prais-Winsten para análise de tendência. Resultados: Verificou-se tendência decrescente na taxa de detecção na população geral (variação percentual anual [VPA] = -6,8 – IC95% -8,2;-5,4) e em menores de 15 anos de idade (VPA = -7,2 – IC95% -8,5;-5,9); e tendência crescente na proporção de grau 2 de incapacidade física (VPA = 3,7 – IC95% 2,0;5,3) e na proporção de incapacidade física examinada (VPA = 0,6 – IC95% 0,3;0,8); as proporções de cura e de contatos examinados mostraram-se estáveis. Conclusão: As taxas de detecção diminuíram, enquanto as proporções de grau 2 de incapacidade física e de incapacidade física examinada cresceram.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the trend of leprosy indicators in Goiás between 2001 and 2017. Methods: An ecological time series study was conducted. Leprosy morbidity and operational indicators were calculated using Notifiable Health Conditions Information System data. Prais-Winsten regression was used for trend analysis. Results: There was a falling trend in the detection rate in the general population (Annual Percent Change [APC] = -6.8 – 95%CI -8.2;-5.4) and in children under 15 years old (APC = -7.2 – 95%CI -8.5;-5.9); a rising trend in the proportion of grade 2 disability (APC = 3.7 – 95%CI 2.0;5.3) and in the proportion of examined physical disability (APC = 0.6 – 95%CI 0.3;0.8); healing and examined contacts proportions were stable. Conclusion: Detection rates decreased while the proportions of grade 2 physical disability and examined physical disability increased.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia de los indicadores de lepra en Goiás entre 2001 y 2017. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio ecológico de series temporales. La morbilidad y los indicadores operativos se calcularon a partir de los datos del Sistema de información de Agravamientos de Notificación (Sinan). Se utilizó la regresión de Prais-Winsten para el análisis de tendencias. Resultados: Se confirmó una tendencia de disminución de la tasa de detección en la población general (Variación Porcentual Anual [VPA] = -6,8 – IC95% -8,2;-5,4) y en niños menores de 15 años (VPA = -7,2 – IC95% -8,5;-5,9); proporción creciente de incapacidad grado 2 (VPA = 3,7 – IC95% 2,0;5,3) y proporción creciente de incapacidad física examinada (VPA = 0,6 – IC95% 0,3;0,8); las proporciones de cura y contactos examinados fueron estables. Conclusión: Las tasas de detección disminuyeron mientras que aumentaron las proporciones de incapacidad física de grado 2 e incapacidad física examinada.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a tendência dos indicadores da hanseníase em Goiás no período de 2001 a 2017. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo ecológico de séries temporais. Indicadores de morbidade e operacionais da hanseníase foram calculados a partir de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan). Utilizou-se regressão de Prais-Winsten para análise de tendência. Resultados: Verificou-se tendência decrescente na taxa de detecção na população geral (variação percentual anual [VPA] = -6,8 – IC95% -8,2;-5,4) e em menores de 15 anos de idade (VPA = -7,2 – IC95% -8,5;-5,9); e tendência crescente na proporção de grau 2 de incapacidade física (VPA = 3,7 – IC95% 2,0;5,3) e na proporção de incapacidade física examinada (VPA = 0,6 – IC95% 0,3;0,8); as proporções de cura e de contatos examinados mostraram-se estáveis. Conclusão: As taxas de detecção diminuíram, enquanto as proporções de grau 2 de incapacidade física e de incapacidade física examinada cresceram.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the trend of leprosy indicators in Goiás between 2001 and 2017. Methods: An ecological time series study was conducted. Leprosy morbidity and operational indicators were calculated using Notifiable Health Conditions Information System data. Prais-Winsten regression was used for trend analysis. Results: There was a falling trend in the detection rate in the general population (Annual Percent Change [APC] = -6.8 – 95%CI -8.2;-5.4) and in children under 15 years old (APC = -7.2 – 95%CI -8.5;-5.9); a rising trend in the proportion of grade 2 disability (APC = 3.7 – 95%CI 2.0;5.3) and in the proportion of examined physical disability (APC = 0.6 – 95%CI 0.3;0.8); healing and examined contacts proportions were stable. Conclusion: Detection rates decreased while the proportions of grade 2 physical disability and examined physical disability increased.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia de los indicadores de lepra en Goiás entre 2001 y 2017. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio ecológico de series temporales. La morbilidad y los indicadores operativos se calcularon a partir de los datos del Sistema de información de Agravamientos de Notificación (Sinan). Se utilizó la regresión de Prais-Winsten para el análisis de tendencias. Resultados: Se confirmó una tendencia de disminución de la tasa de detección en la población general (Variación Porcentual Anual [VPA] = -6,8 – IC95% -8,2;-5,4) y en niños menores de 15 años (VPA = -7,2 – IC95% -8,5;-5,9); proporción creciente de incapacidad grado 2 (VPA = 3,7 – IC95% 2,0;5,3) y proporción creciente de incapacidad física examinada (VPA = 0,6 – IC95% 0,3;0,8); las proporciones de cura y contactos examinados fueron estables. Conclusión: Las tasas de detección disminuyeron mientras que aumentaron las proporciones de incapacidad física de grado 2 e incapacidad física examinada.

Abstract The Gray-hooded Gull (Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus) is a seabird distributed in almost all South American countries. However, breeding information on the species in Brazil is scarce. In this study, a literature review and searches in online databases (WikiAves and eBird) were carried out to gather breeding information on the species in the country and new records of nests of the Gray-hooded Gull were registered on the northern coast of the Rio de Janeiro state. Literature review indicated breeding records in Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Norte states. On WikiAves, 19 records of the species with nests, eggs, chicks and breeding colonies were reported between 2009 and 2020, in Macau, Rio Grande do Norte and one adult hatching at Rio Grande do Sul. In August 2019, two nests were recorded at Ubatuba lagoon (22°09′S and 41°18′W) in the Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, in the Quissamã municipality in Rio de Janeiro. The nests were described and monitored during five weeks. Each nest contained two eggs and was built with the grass Paspalum vaginatum. Over time, the eggs were degraded and disappeared from the nests, without signs of hatching and possible predation. This study compiles for the first time all the breeding information on the species in Brazil and contributes with data about nests and egg biometry.