Abstract: The present study aims to map the sustainability and performance evaluation models for energy companies regarding their qualitative and quantitative aspects of corporate governance. This research was carried out through a systematic literature review and the establishment of connections between the issues raised and general aspects of corporate governance, vis-à-vis the sustainable development matter. Aspects of corporate governance, such as gender diversity in the creation of boards of directors and directors in companies, is relevant in view of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, as well as the ISO 26000 standard, regarding guidelines on corporate social responsibility. As an innovation in this mapping, a summary of the main qualitative and quantitative aspects of corporate governance is carried out using the clustering technique and co-occurrence map, mining and text analysis, compared to sustainability and performance evaluation models for energy companies. At the end, gaps in these models are pointed out referring to national and international organizations and studies regarding intersectoral principles, practices and tools of corporate governance; opportunities for improvement are also pointed out.

Resumo: O presente estudo visa mapear os modelos de avaliação da sustentabilidade e desempenho para empresas de energia quanto aos seus aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos de governança corporativa. Esta pesquisa foi realizada por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura e o estabelecimento de conexões entre os assuntos levantados e aspectos gerais de governança corporativa, vis-à-vis à questão do desenvolvimento sustentável. Aspecto de governança corporativa, como a diversidade de gênero na formação de conselhos de administração e diretorias em empresas, mostra-se relevante frente aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da ONU, bem como, o padrão ISO 26000, a respeito das diretrizes sobre responsabilidade social corporativa. Como inovação neste mapeamento, realiza-se uma síntese visual dos aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos principais de governança corporativa com o uso da técnica de clustering e mapa de co-ocorrência, de mineração e análise de textos, frente a modelos de avaliação da sustentabilidade e desempenho para empresas de energia. Ao final, são apontadas lacunas desses modelos com referência a organismos nacionais e internacionais e estudos no que diz respeito a princípios, práticas e ferramentas intersetoriais de governança corporativa; são apontadas também, oportunidades de melhorias.

Resumo: O presente estudo propõe um novo modelo de previsão de classes de sustentabilidade para empresas de distribuição de energia elétrica no Brasil, com base em indicadores de sustentabilidade, visando uma gestão de risco mais eficaz para uma determinada empresa frente a seus concorrentes. Como tais indicadores são baseados em medidas quantitativas e qualitativas e são muito propensos a incorrer em imprecisões em suas medidas, o modelo a ser proposto baseia-se em Apoio à Decisão Multicritério, a Teoria dos Conjuntos Aproximativos, que permite o tratamento matemático destas imprecisões, e a Inteligência Artificial, neste caso, Aprendizado de Máquina, por inferência de regras. Consequentemente, são geradas tabelas de decisão com atributos de condição, indicadores de sustentabilidade, e atributos de decisão, classes de sustentabilidade: alta, média ou baixa. Como resultado, é possível prever classes de sustentabilidade com base em séries temporais de indicadores e inferência de regras a partir das tabelas de decisão, utilizando-se o pacote RoughSets em R e o software jMAF, e demonstrando-se a aplicação de cinco algoritmos de geração de regras e suas respectivas precisões.

Abstract: The current study proposes a novel prediction model of sustainability classes for electricity distribution companies in Brazil, based on sustainability indicators, aiming at a more effective risk management for a certain company among their competitors. Because such indicators are based on quantitative and qualitative measures and are very likely to incur imprecisions in their measures, the model to be proposed is based on a Multicriteria Decision Support, Rough Sets Theory, which allows the mathematical treatment of those imprecisions, and Artificial Intelligence, in this case, Machine Learning by rules inference. Consequently, decision tables are generated with condition attributes, sustainability indicators, and decision attributes, sustainability classes: high, medium or low. As a result, it is possible to predict sustainability classes based in temporal series of indicators and rules inference from decision tables, using RoughSets package in R and the jMAF software, demonstrating the use of five rule generation algorithms and their respective accuracies.

Abstract Paper aims This study proposes, applies, and discusses a model based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method with the objective of assessing the issue of materiality of sustainability reports in the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) model of civil construction companies. Originality The published literature contains few studies that propose quantitative models for the assessment of materiality for sustainability reports. To address this data gap, the present research suggests new paths. Research method After the hierarchical structure of the model had been developed, specialists were asked to prioritize the criteria and sub-criteria in their orders of preference. Their decisions were collected through a questionnaire and the responses were included in the model using the individual aggregation of priorities method applied to the AHP. Main findings It was concluded that there is scope for improving the quality of sustainability reports, as there are companies that fail to disclose relevant topics according to the judgment of the specialists consulted in this study. Implications for theory and practice The AHP method with absolute measurement proved to be an efficient model, mainly because it allows for weighting of criteria and sub-criteria, demonstrating that it is useful for comparing the materiality of company reports.

Resumo: Considerando o importante papel desempenhado pelas grandes instituições bancárias em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável, especialmente devido ao porte e à capilaridade dessas organizações, objetiva-se neste artigo comparar indicadores de sustentabilidade (econômicos, ambientais e sociais) divulgados em relatórios de algumas dessas instituições que atuam no mercado brasileiro. Os quatro bancos selecionados para esta pesquisa são aqueles que publicaram os seus relatórios de sustentabilidade no padrão da Global Reporting Initiative para 2017 e que compunham a carteira do Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial, promovido pela “Brasil, Bolsa e Balcão”, em 2018. São eles: Banco do Brasil; Bradesco; Itaú; e Santander. Para a consecução da pesquisa foi utilizado o método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) com o uso de ratings. Após a elaboração da estrutura hierárquica do problema, foi requerido que especialistas, pesquisadores da área de sustentabilidade, ponderassem o grau de relevância dos indicadores analisados nesta pesquisa. Construiu-se então um ranking dos bancos selecionados em relação ao desempenho de sustentabilidade, a partir dos pesos conferidos a cada indicador e dos dados disponíveis nos relatórios de sustentabilidade de cada instituição investigada. A ordem obtida no ranking foi a seguinte: Itaú; Santander; Bradesco; e Banco do Brasil. Conclui-se que os dados apontados neste trabalho mostram que há, no setor bancário, espaço para evolução em relação à sustentabilidade, principalmente na questão social. O método AHP com ratings se mostrou eficiente, especialmente por possibilitar ponderações dos critérios e subcritérios de avaliação, o que comprova sua utilidade na comparação de empresas no que concerne aos seus desempenhos de sustentabilidade.

Abstract: Large banking institutions play an important role in sustainable development, especially owing to their size and capillarity. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare sustainability indicators (economic, environmental, and social) published in the reports of some of these institutions that operate in the Brazilian market. The four banks selected for this study were the ones that published their sustainability reports in the 2017 Global Reporting Initiative standard, and that comprised the portfolio of the Corporate Sustainability Index, promoted by “Brasil, Bolsa e Balcão,” in 2018. These banks were Banco do Brasil, Bradesco, Itaú, and Santander. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with the use of ratings was used to carry out the research. After elaborating on the hierarchical structure of the problem, specialists, who were researchers in the field of sustainability, were required to weigh the degree of relevance of each of the indicators analyzed in this study. A ranking of the selected banks was then obtained in relation to their sustainability performances, which was based on the weights given to each indicator and the data available in the sustainability reports of each institution investigated. The banks were ranked in the following order: Itaú, Santander, Bradesco, and Banco do Brasil. The results of this study showed that there is room for evolution in relation to sustainability, mainly in the social department, in the banking sector. The AHP method with the use of ratings proved to be efficient, especially because it allowed for the weighing of the evaluation criteria and sub-criteria; this proved the usefulness of the method in comparing companies with regard to their sustainability performance.

Abstract: This article is about a case study based on the participation and contact with dynamized activities through action plans for the circular economy in Europe, specifically in Portugal. It aims to identify the main in-progress actions and the challenges for the diffusion of the circular economy in the Portuguese nation and draw a panorama for Brazil, transiting through different data sources, economic sectors and stakeholders. Through data triangulation, the investigative plan contemplated participatory observations in workshops, interviews with experts, documental analyses and means of communication. After going through data cross checking for validation, the content was aggregated to a strategic analysis matrix. As a result, it was possible to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges associated with the growth of the circular economy in Portugal, as well as to indicate directions and possibilities in the Brazilian context. It is possible to realize, for both countries, the importance of the international benchmarking for the recognition and promotion of circular economy actions, besides the necessity to revise laws aligned with the internal e external market rules, by increasing the offer of circular products and services.

Resumo: Diante das ações globais de expansão de estratégias de produção e consumo sustentáveis, este artigo objetiva agregar princípios de economia circular no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos em arranjos produtivos locais. A metodologia contemplou uma revisão sistemática da literatura e análises documentais, possibilitando, a partir da identificação das particularidades dos arranjos, a composição de um modelo de desenvolvimento de produtos orientado ao pensamento do ciclo de vida e à economia circular.

Abstract: In the face of global actions to expand sustainable production and consumption strategies, this article aims to add principles of circular economy in the process of product development in industrial clusters. The methodology covered a systematic review of the literature and documentary analyzes, making it possible, from the identification of the particularities of the clusters, the composition of a product development model oriented to life cycle thinking and circular economy

Resumen: Ante las acciones globales de expansión de estrategias de producción y consumo sostenibles, este artículo objetiva agregar principios de economía circular en el proceso de desarrollo de productos en aglomeraciones productivas locales. La metodología contempló una revisión sistemática de la literatura y análisis documentales, posibilitando, a partir de la identificación de las particularidades de las aglomeraciones, la composición de un modelo de desarrollo de productos orientado al pensamiento del ciclo de vida y la economía circular.

ABSTRACT An important problem in Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis arises when one must select at least two alternatives at the same time. This can be denoted as a multiple choice problem. In other words, instead of evaluating each of the alternatives separately, they must be combined into groups of n alternatives, where n = 2. When the multiple choice problem must be solved under multiple criteria, the result is a multi-criteria, multiple choice problem. In this paper, it is shown through examples how this problemcan be tackled on a bipolar scale. The Choquet integral is used in this paper to take care of interactions between criteria. A numerical application example is conducted using data from SEBRAE-RJ, a non-profit private organization that has the mission of promoting competitiveness, sustainable developmentand entrepreneurship in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The paper closes with suggestions for future research.

This paper presents an application of three multiple criteria methods to determining rank of residential real estate options. Methods SAW and TODIM are based on eliciting the decision maker's preferences (weights and values) directly in a quantitative form while using linear (SAW) and non-linear (TODIM) aggregation functions for alternatives' evaluation. ZAPROS seeks and uses preferences in an ordinal form as an indirect comparison of trade-offs between criteria. Advantages and disadvantages of different approaches are discussed.

The aim of this article is to present, through a real case, a practical way, based on Multicriteria Decision Aiding, to support decision making in Plastic Surgery. The case studied was a Caucasian woman of 36 years of age with mammarian hypertrophia with ptosis and abdominal lipodystrophy, making it necessary to select the most adequate techniques for the best aesthetic result. For this purpose, the multicriteria methods Even Swaps and PrOACT were used. Three plastic surgeons working in the city of Rio de Janeiro with equivalent professional experience were consulted as decision agents. In order to define the objectives to be achieved, the criteria relevant to the making of the decision and the alternatives which could be used were identified. Throughout this identification and in the later analysis the surgeons participated in the application of the methods, which contributed towards facilitating their acceptance of the multicriteria analysis in their decision making. It was confirmed, in this case study, that the use of Multicriteria Decision Aiding tends to make the medical decision more wide ranging and, above all, transparent. The plastic surgeons themselves validated the analysis, considering it fully consistent with their professional experience.

An increasingly competitive market means that many decisions must be taken, quickly and with precision, in complex, high risk scenarios. This combination of factors makes it necessary to use decision aiding methods which provide a means of dealing with uncertainty in the judgement of the alternatives. This work presents the use of the MAUT method, combined with the INTERVAL SMART/SWING WEIGHTING method. Although multicriteria decision aiding was not conceived specifically for tackling uncertainty, the combined use of MAUT and the INTERVAL SMART/SWING WEIGHTING method allows approaching decision problems under uncertainty. The main concepts which are involved in these two methods are described and their joint application to the case study concerning the selection of a printing service supplier is presented. The case study makes use of the WINPRE software as a support tool for the calculation of dominance. It is then concluded that the proposed approach can be applied to decision making problems under uncertainty.

This article presents a case study of the evaluation of the various types of access to the Broadband Internet available to a small company, located in Volta Redonda, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This small company needs to implement Broadband Internet in its establishment and sought an evaluation of the companies which work providing this type of service. With the aim of carrying out a technical evaluation of the provision of the Broadband Internet service and, considering the diverse points of view and needs of this small company, a Multicriteria Decision Aiding Method, the TODIM method, was used. By means of this research, the power of this Operational Research tool was verified in the search for the solution to the problem of ranking the services offered in the city, according to the criteria chosen by this small company.

As decisões com relação à mobilidade profissional tomadas por executivos em grandes corporações causam mudanças em suas vidas pessoais e profissionais. A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de estruturar o problema da mobilidade profissional através de uma ferramenta de suporte à decisão: o mapa cognitivo. Esta ferramenta promove uma maior compreensão do problema pelos tomadores de decisão. Através da pesquisa desenvolvida foi possível identificar os principais fatores que levaram os profissionais a tomar a decisão de mobilidade de forma o mais coerente e consistente com os aspectos subjetivos de sua realidade profissional.

Decisions which are made by executives in large corporations regarding professional mobility cause changes to both their personal and professional lives. This research was carried out with the aim of creating the structuring of a professional mobility problem through the use of a decision support tool, the cognitive mapping. Through the use of this tool, a decision making structure for professional mobility was developed, taking into consideration some important aspects of this process. The cognitive mapping proposed here was a problem structuring tool which leads decision makers to a greater understanding of the problem, giving them support towards good decision making in professional mobility. Through the research carried out it was possible to identify the principal factors which lead these professionals to a professional mobility decision which is as coherent and consistent as possible with the subjective aspects of their professional reality.

Os métodos de Apoio Multicritério à Decisão aplicam-se sempre que se deseje selecionar, ordenar, classificar ou descrever alternativas presentes em um processo decisório na presença de múltiplos critérios - quantitativos e qualitativos. Este artigo aborda o emprego dos métodos UTA e UTA-CR para a determinação das funções de utilidade dos critérios empregados para avaliar o ingresso de candidatos ao curso de graduação de Engenharia Metalúrgica da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Após apresentarem-se os métodos e o problema estudado, mostra-se, por uma análise dos resultados, que as funções de utilidade dos critérios obtidos com o método UTA-CR estão mais próximas das preferências dos decisores do que aquelas obtidas com o método UTA. Observa-se ainda que, pelo método UTA-CR, não há necessidade de realizar-se a análise de pós-otimização feita no método UTA, pois, com apenas uma única implementação de um programa linear, os resultados obtidos são melhores que os obtidos pelo método UTA.

The methods of multi-criteria decision aid are applied to problems of selection, ranking, classifying, and describing alternatives in the presence of multiple criteria, both quantitative and qualitative. This article tackles the problem of using the UTA and UTA-CR methods for determining the utility function of criteria used to evaluate candidates for the undergraduate program in metallurgical engineering in the Fluminense Federal University. After presenting the methods and outlining the problem, an analysis of the results shows that the utility functions of criteria obtained using UTA-CR are closer to decision-maker preferences than those obtained using UTA. It is also shown that, by using UTA-CR, it is not necessary to perform the post-optimization analysis that is required by the UTA method. In other words, implementation of a single linear program leads to results that are better than those obtained using UTA.

Este artigo apresenta uma aplicação de dois métodos de Apoio Multicritério à Decisão (AMD), ELECTRE IV e TODIM, a fim de resolver um problema de ordenação de importantes projetos com conseqüências econômicas e sociais no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Estes projetos são ordenados empregando critérios qualitativos e quantitativos. O ELECTRE IV é um método da Escola Francesa de AMD, que não utiliza peso para os critérios. O TODIM é um método que está baseado no paradigma da Teoria do Prospecto, têm elementos da Escola Francesa e Americana de AMD. Embora as ordenações de ambos os métodos sejam diferentes, um mesmo projeto foi ordenado como a melhor alternativa de acordo com ambos os métodos. A experiência prática descrita neste artigo sugere que o uso de métodos de AMD na avaliação de projetos pode, significativamente, tornar mais claro o processo decisório.

This paper presents an application of two methods of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), ELECTRE IV and TODIM, in order to tackle the problem of ranking projects with important economic and social consequences in the Rio de Janeiro State. These projects are ranked under the presence of quantitative and qualitative criteria. ELECTRE IV is a method of the French School of MCDA whose use does not rely on knowledge of criteria weights. TODIM, on the other hand, is a method that is based on the paradigm of Prospect Theory and that has elements of both the French and the American School of MCDA. Although ranks obtained by both methods were different, the same project was ranked as the best alternative according in both. The practical experience described in this paper has suggested that the use of MCDA methods in the ranking of project can significantly clarify the decision making process.

Este artigo apresenta uma aplicação do método Utilité Additive - UTA e de sua variante Utilité Additive- CRiteria - UTA-CR à determinação das funções de utilidade para se abordar o problema da avaliação de imóveis residenciais. Ambos os métodos pertencem à Escola Americana de Apoio Multicritério à Decisão e visam determinar funções de utilidades dos critérios presentes na análise, baseando-se em informações a priori dos decisores. Pelo emprego dos modelos matemáticos referentes a cada uma das metodologias, verificam-se as vantagens do método UTA-CR. Observa-se ainda que o método UTA-CR faz uso das preferências dos decisores em relação ao conjunto de critérios, obtendo funções de utilidades o mais próximo possível das preferências dos decisores.

This article presents an application of the UTA method and its variant UTA-CR to the determination of the utility functions for tackling the problem of evaluating residential real estate. Both methods belong to the American School of Multicriteria Decision Aiding. By using these methods, it is possible to determine the utility function of the CRiteria present in the evaluation analysis making use of previous information from the decision makers. The advantages of UTA-CR method over UTA are identified through the employment of the mathematical models embedded in each method. It can be observed that UTA-CR method makes use of decision-makers' preferences with respect to the CRiteria that lead to utility functions which are as close as possible to their preferences.