ABSTRACT Aims: Radical prostatectomy (RP) can result in urinary incontinence (UI) and erectile dysfunction (ED), which negatively impact quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a perioperative pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) program versus usual care on early recovery of urinary continence and erectile function after RP. Materials and Methods: Of 59 eligible men, 31 were randomly allocated into 2 groups: Group 1 (Control, N=15) received usual post-RP care; and Group 2 (Physical therapy, N=16) received two pre-RP physical therapist-guided PFMT sessions, including exercises and electromyographic biofeedback, and verbal and written instructions to continue PFMT until RP, which was then resumed after urethral catheter removal. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire were used to evaluate UI and ED, respectively. Results: Demographic characteristics were similar in both groups. Three months after RP, the UI rate was 72.7% and 70.0% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P >0.05). The severity and frequency of UI and its impact on QoL were evaluated by the ICIQ-Short Form, with scores of 6.9±6.26 in Group 1 and 7.0±5.12 in Group 2 (P >0.05). The IIEF-5 scores were similar in Groups 1 and 2 (5.73±7.43 vs. 6.70±6.68, respectively) (P >0.05). Conclusion: Our pre-RP protocol of two physical therapist-assisted sessions of PFMT plus instructions did not significantly improve urinary continence or erectile function at 3 months after RP.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the link between preoperative parameters and oxidative stress (OS) markers in the bladder wall of men undergoing open prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: From July 2014 to August 2016, men aged ≥ 50 years and presenting with LUTS were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative assessment included validated questionnaires (IPSS and OAB - V8), lower urinary tract ultrasound and urodynamics. Bladder biopsies were taken during open prostatectomy for determination of OS markers. Increased OS was defined by increased concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and / or decreased concentration of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and / or catalase). P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: Thirty - eight consecutive patients were included. Mean age was 66.36 ± 6.44 years, mean prostate volume was 77.7 ± 20.63 cm3, and mean IPSS was 11.05 ± 8.72 points. MDA concentration was increased in men with severe bladder outlet obstruction (BOO grade V - VI according to the Schaefer's nomogram) in comparison with BOO grade III - IV (p = 0.022). Patients with severe LUTS also had higher MDA concentration when compared to those with mild LUTS (p = 0.031). There was a statistically significant association between increased post - void residual urine (cut off ≥ 50 mL) and not only higher levels of MDA, but also reduced activity of SOD and catalase (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This pilot study showed that severity of LUTS and BOO were associated with increased MDA concentration in the bladder wall of men undergoing open prostatectomy. Further studies are still needed to assess the role of non - invasive biomarkers of OS in predicting bladder dysfunction in men with LUTS.

PURPOSE: To evaluated the effects of L-arginine (a NO donor) and L-NAME (Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester - a NOS inhibitor) on ischemia-reperfusion in rat livers.METHODS: One hundred fifty two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (simulated surgery); hepatic IR; pretreatment with L-arginine plus hepatic IR; and L-NAME plus hepatic IR. The hepatocellular damage was evaluated at the first, third and seventh days after the procedures through the alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate-aminotransaminase (AST) levels, as well as histopathological features: vascular congestion (VC); steatosis (STE); necrosis (NEC); and inflammatory infiltration (INF). The mortality rate was also evaluated.RESULTS: The pretreatment with L-NAME significantly worsened the AST levels after hepatic IR (p<0.05) at first day and L-arginine demonstrated an attenuating effect on ALT levels at seventh day (p<0.05). Furthermore, the administration of L-arginine was able to reduce the VC and STE in the seventh day after hepatic IR (p<0.05). The analysis of the mortality rates did not demonstrate any difference between the groups. Nevertheless, there was not effect of L-arginine and L-NAME on the mortality of the animals.CONCLUSION: L-arginine/NO pathway has a role in the hepatic IR because the pretreatment with L-arginine partially had attenuated the hepatocellular damage induced by hepatic IR in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the concordance between the Gleason scores of prostate biopsies and radical prostatectomy specimens, thereby highlighting the importance of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level as a predictive factor of concordance. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 253 radical prostatectomy cases performed between 2006 and 2011. The patients were divided into 4 groups for the data analysis and dichotomized according to the preoperative PSA, <10 ng/mL and ≥10 ng/mL. A p-score <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The average patient age was 63.3±7.8 years. The median PSA level was 9.3±4.9 ng/mL. The overall concordance between the Gleason scores was 52%. Patients presented preoperative PSA levels <10 ng/mL in 153 of 235 cases (65%) and ≥10 ng/mL in 82 of 235 cases (35%). The Gleason scores were identical in 86 of 153 cases (56%) in the <10 ng/mL group and 36 of 82 (44%) cases in the ≥10 ng/mL group (p = 0.017). The biopsy underestimated the Gleason score in 45 (30%) patients in the <10 ng/mL group and 38 (46%) patients in the ≥10 ng/mL (p = 0.243). Specifically, the patients with Gleason 3 + 3 scores according to the biopsies demonstrated global concordance in 56 of 110 cases (51%). In this group, the patients with preoperative PSA levels <10 ng/dL had higher concordance than those with preoperative PSA levels ≥10 ng/dL (61% x 23%, p = 0.023), which resulted in 77% upgrading after surgery in those patients with PSA levels ≥10 ng/dl. CONCLUSION: The Gleason scores of needle prostate biopsies and those of the surgical specimens were concordant in approximately half of the global sample. The preoperative PSA level was a strong predictor of discrepancy and might improve the identification of those patients who tended to be upgraded after surgery, particularly in patients with Gleason scores of 3 + 3 in the prostate biopsy and preoperative PSA levels ≥10 ng/mL.

INTRODUCTION: Substantial controversy exists regarding the association between testosterone serum levels and prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis hormones in the sera of men with prostate cancer and atypical small acinar proliferation as well as those with normal biopsies. METHODS: A study cohort of 186 men with suspected prostate cancer who had undergone transrectal prostate biopsies was used in this study. The patients were divided into the following three groups based on the histology of the biopsy samples: no neoplasia, atypical small acinar proliferation or prostate cancer. Demographic data were also collected. Levels of total testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol, and serum prostate-specific antigen were measured in blood samples. RESULTS: Initially, 123 men were found to be without neoplasia, 26 with atypical small acinar proliferation and 37 with prostate cancer. After a second biopsy was taken from the men diagnosed with atypical small acinar proliferation, the diagnoses were revised: 18 were diagnosed with atypical small acinar proliferation and 45 with prostate cancer. No significant differences between the groups were identified regarding age, smoking history, chronic diseases, body mass index or PSA levels (P >.0.05). The mean serum levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin and estradiol were similar in all of the groups (P >.0.05). Furthermore, in individuals with prostate cancer, the Gleason scores and prevalence of hypogonadism were not significantly different (P.> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study revealed no difference in the serum levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin or estradiol in men without neoplasia compared with those with atypical small acinar proliferation or prostate cancer.

O hipogonadismo é uma síndrome clínica e bioquímica que pode estar associada a um prejuízo significativo na qualidade de vida (QoL) do homem. Com o aumento na expectativa de vida e sobrevida do câncer prostático (CaP), espera-se um número maior de diagnósticos de hipogonadismo em homens submetidos ao tratamento potencialmente curativo do CaP. Apesar da contraindicação clássica do emprego de terapia de reposição com testosterona (TRT) em homens com diagnóstico ou suspeita de CaP, não há evidência convincente de que a normalização dos níveis de testosterona séricos em homens com baixos níveis seja deletéria. Em poucas séries de casos que descreveram a TRT após o tratamento do CaP, não houve casos de progressão clínica ou bioquímica do tumor. Não obstante a literatura seja limitada, os dados disponíveis sugerem que a TRT pode ser considerada em homens hipogonádicos selecionados, previamente tratados curativamente para o CaP de baixo risco e sem evidência de doença ativa.

Hypogonadism is a clinical and biochemical syndrome which may cause significant detriment in the quality of life. With the increase in life expectancy and prostate cancer survival a significant increase in the number of men with hypogonadism who have undergone presumably curative treatment for PCa is anticipated. Despite the widespread contraindication of testosterone in men with known or suspected prostate cancer, there is no convincing evidence that the normalization of testosterone serum levels in men with low, but not castrate levels, is deleterious. Although further studies are necessary before definitive conclusions can be drawn, the available evidence suggests that testosterone replacement therapy can be cautiously considered in selected hypogonadal men treated with curative intent for low risk prostate cancer and without evidence of active disease.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a hipótese de que um período de sete dias de sonda vesical de demora após prostatectomia radical retropúbica é efetivo e seguro, sem a necessidade da realização de cistografia. MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro de 2000 e julho de 2002, setenta e três pacientes submetidos à prostatectomia radical retropúbica foram prospectivamente randomizados em dois grupos: grupo 1 - 37 pacientes em que a sonda vesical foi removida 7 dias após o procedimento e, grupo 2 - 36 nos quais a sonda foi removida 14 dias após a cirurgia. Os dois grupos apresentavam características clínicas similares, os cirurgiões e técnicas foram as mesmas, e nenhuma cistografia foi realizada para avaliar a presença de vazamentos. RESULTADOS: Dois pacientes no grupo 1 apresentaram sangramento e retenção por coágulos após a retirada da sonda no sétimo dia pós-operatório, e foram manejados através da recolocação da sonda vesical por mais 7 dias. Dois pacientes do grupo 2 desenvolveram esclerose do colo vesical e foram tratados através de incisão do colo vesical com sucesso. A taxa de continência foi a mesma, com dois casos de incontinência em cada grupo. Em torno de duas fraldas por dia eram utilizadas pelos pacientes com incontinência. O seguimento médio foi de 17.5 meses (2 - 30 meses). Não houve formação de fístula urinária, urinoma ou abcesso pélvico após a retirada da sonda vesical. Dois pacientes foram excluidos da análise desta série: um faleceu devido a embolia pulmonar no terceiro dia pós-operatório, e o outro desenvolveu fístula urinária suprapúbica antes da retirada do cateter, que foi mantido por 16 dias. CONCLUSÃO: A retirada da sonda vesical 7 dias após a prostatectomia radical retropúbica, sem realização de cistografia, tem uma baixa taxa de complicações de curto prazo, equivalentes às da retirada da sonda aos 14 dias de pós-operatório.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the hypothesis that a 7-day period of indwelling catheter after radical retropubic prostatectomy is effective and safe without the need of performing cystography. METHODS: In the period from January of 2000 to July of 2002, 73 patients underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy, and these patients were prospectively randomized in 2 groups: Group 1-37 patients who had the urethral catheter removed 7 days after the procedure, and Group 2-36 patients who had the catheter removed 14 days after the surgery. The 2 groups were similar, the surgeons and the technique were the same, and no cystography was performed to evaluate the presence of leaks. RESULTS: Two patients in Group 1 had bleeding and clot retention after having the catheter taken out in the seventh postoperative day and were managed by putting the catheter back in for 7 more days. Two patients in Group 2 developed bladder neck stricture and were treated by bladder neck incision with success. The continence rate was the same, with 2 cases of incontinence in each group. About 2 pads a day were used by the patients with incontinence. The average follow-up was 17.5 months (12-36 months). No urinary fistula, urinoma, or pelvic abscesses developed after catheter removal. Two patients were excluded from the analysis of this series: 1 died with a pulmonary embolus in the third postoperative day, and 1 developed a urinary suprapubic fistula before catheter withdrawal, which was maintained for 16 days. CONCLUSION: Withdrawal of the urethral catheter 7 days after radical retropubic prostatectomy, without performing cystography, has a low rate of short-term complications that are equivalent to withdrawal 14 days after the surgery.

INTRODUÇÃO: O lítio é um metal usado sob a forma de sal para tratamento de episódios agudos de mania e no controle profilático de desordens afetivas bipolares. Pacientes com algum grau de insuficiência renal podem rapidamente sofrer intoxicação por esse fármaco. Nosso objetivo foi verificar a influência da litemia na locomoção em um modelo animal cirurgicamente induzido de insuficiência renal aguda (IRA). MÉTODOS: Foram submetidos 61 ratos Wistar a tratamento com lítio por uma semana previamente a nefrectomia unilateral. Trinta ratos foram induzidos a IRA. Foi administrado lítio ou solução fisiológica aos ratos e após observada sua locomoção e concentração de creatinina sérica. Utilizou-se análise estatítica. RESULTADOS: A creatina apresentou-se elevada nos ratos com IRA. A locomoção foi menor nos ratos com IRA que receberam lítio, havendo relação inversa entre a litemia e a atividade locomotora. CONCLUSÕES: O modelo animal cirúrgico de IRA foi efetivo. Ratos insuficientes renais que receberam lítio apresentaram alterações locomotoras comparados aos demais. O aumento da litemia causa diminuição proporcional na locomoção dos ratos.

INTRODUCTION: Lithium is a metal used as a salt for the treatment of acute maniac episodes and for afetive bipolar disorders profilaxis. Patients with acute kidney failure (AKF) can become intoxicated fastly when taking this drug. Our purpose was verifying lithium influence in rat locomotion of na AKF surgical animal model. METHODS: It was used 61 wistar rats with one week lithium treatment previously to unilateral nefrectomy. Thirteen rats induced to AKF. It was administred lithium or fisiologic solution and after that we checked their locomotion and serium creatinine. We had done statistic analisys. RESULTS: Creatinine was increased in AKF rats. Lithium treated AKF rats showed less locomotion, demonstrating na inverse relation between lithium blood and locomotion. CONCLUSION: AKF animal model was effective. AKF rats treated with lithium showed locomotion alteration compared with the others. Lithium blood increase leads to proporcional decrease of rat's locomotion.

OBJETIVO: As espécies ativas de oxigênio (EAO), originadas pela ação da enzima xantina-oxidase, têm importância na fisiopatologia da síndrome isquêmica-reperfusional. Foi nosso objetivo verificar o possível efeito citoprotetor do alopurinol (inibidor da xantina-oxidase) sobre as alterações histológicas decorrentes da isquemia-reperfusão hepática. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 60 ratos Wistar assim divididos: grupo 1(n=20): pré-tratado com alopurinol e submetido à laparotomia e à exposição do pedículo hepático por 45 min.; grupo 2 (n=20): tratado com alopurinol e submetido à isquemia hepática seletiva por 45 min.; e grupo 3 (n=20): submetido apenas à isquemia por 45 min. A cada 24 horas, durante quatro dias, cinco animais de cada grupo foram submetidos a hepatectomias parciais para estudo histopatológico. RESULTADOS: Na análise das 24h, houve aumento significativo da congestão vascular e da necrose nos grupos de animais submetidos à isquemia (2 e 3) quando comparados aos do grupo controle (grupo 1) (p<0,05). Na análise das 48h, os resultados se repetiram em relação à necrose hepática. Não se observaram diferenças significativas nos tempos de 72 e 96h. Além disso, no período das 24h, verificou-se uma diminuição significativa da necrose nos animais submetidos à isquemia e pré-tratados com alopurinol quando comparados ao grupo não tratado. CONCLUSÕES: A isquemia transitória normotérmica hepática causa significativas alterações histopatológicas nos fígados de ratos. Em nosso estudo, o alopurinol exerceu efeito benéfico em relação à necrose hepatocitária, o que reforça o envolvimento da enzima xantina oxidase no dano decorrente da isquemia-reperfusão hepática.

OBJECTIVE: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), origined from the xanthine oxidase activity, have great importance in the ischemia-reperfusion syndrome. Our objective was study the effect of allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor) on the histologic alterations in ischemic livers in rats. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were utilized and dividided into three groups: Group 1 (n=20): pretreated with allopurinol and submitted to laparatomy and exposition of the hepatic pedicle for 45 minutes; Group 2 (n=20): pretreated with allopurinol and submitted to hepatic ischemia for 45 minutes; and Group 3 (n=20): submitted to hepatic ischemia for 45 minutes. To every 24 hours, during four days, five rats of every group were submitted to partial hepatectomy to study the liver histology. RESULTS: In the analysis of 24h, vascular congestion and hepatic necrosis significantly increase in the ischemic groups (2 and 3) when compared with group 1 (p<0,05). In the 48h, the results repeated in relation to necrosis. We didn’t observe significative difference in the histologic alterations between the groups in the 72 and 96h after the proceedings. Furthermore, in the 24h, we observed a significative decrease of hepatic necrosis on the pretreated ischemic rats when compared with no-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: The transitory normotermic hepatic ischemia causes significative histopathologic alterations in the livers of rats. In this study, allopurinol exerted a beneficial effect on the hepatic necrosis, emphatyzing the importance of the xanthine oxidase enzyme in the damage induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion.

Os autores apresentam um modelo de vídeolaparoscopia experimental para avaliar a hepatotoxicidade induzida pelo tetracloreto de carbono (CCl4) em ratos. Nódulos sobre a superfície hepática e aumento significativo das provas de função hepatobiliar (alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, fosfatase alcalina e g -glutamiltranspeptidase) foram observados nos ratos tratados com CCl4. Além disso, cirrose hepática foi diagnosticada por estudo histopatológico em todos os ratos submetidos à administração de CC1(4). Desta maneira, a vídeolaparoscopia experimental em ratos parece ser um método diagnóstico excelente que merece mais investigação para explorar as conseqüências fisiológicas da cirurgia laparoscópica.

The authors present a model of experimental vídeolaparoscopy to evaluate the hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Nodules in hepatic surface and significative increase of hepatobiliar function tests (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphastase, and gammaglutamyltranspeptidase) were observed in rats treated with CCl4. Furthermore, liver cirrhosis was diagnosed by histopathologic study in all rats submitted to administration of CCl4. In this manner, experimental vídeolaparoscopy in rats seems be a excelent diagnostic method that merits further investigation to explore the physiologic consequences of laparoscopic surgery.

Os autores pesquisam o efeito do Dextran 40 sobre a formação de aderências pós-operatórias em um modelo experimental em ratos. Vinte ratos Wistar foram divididos de forma aleatória em dois grupos. Ambos os grupos foram submetidos a laparotomia mediana e realizada escarificação serosa do peritônio visceral do intestino grosso e peritônio parietal adjacente. O grupo I (controle), formado por dez animais que não receberam tratamento complementar, e o grupo 2, formado por dez animais nos quais administrou-se Dextran 40 na cavidade peritoneal. No vigésimo dia de pós-operatório, os animais foram mortos e submetidos a nova laparotomia mediana e retirada dos segmentos intestinais previamente escarificados. A análise histológica das peças operatórias demonstrou menor formação de fibrose no grupo de animais nos quais foi utilizado Dextran 40 (grupo 2), quando comparados ao grupo controle (p<0,05). Os autores concluem que o Dextran 40 interfere no processo de fibrinogênese reduzindo as aderências intra-abdominais pós-operatórias.

The authors analyze the effect of Dextran 40 on postoperative peritoneal adhesions in an experimental study in rats. Twenty rats were divided in two groups: Group 1 (Control): ten animals were submitted to a median laparotomy and scarification of the visceral and adjacent parietal peritoneum; Group 2 (Dextran 40): ten animals submitted to the same described procedures except for the placement of 1.5 ml of a Dextran 40 solution into the peritoneal cavity, just before closing the abdominal incision. 1n the twentieth day postoperative, the animals were sacrified and submitted to a new laparotomy to remove the intestinal segments involved in the first procedure. The hystological analysis showed a lower intensity of fibrosis formation in the group of rats in which Dextran 40 was administered (group 2) when compared with the control group (group 1) (p< 0.05). We concluded that Dextran 40 interfere in the fibrotic process reducing the formation of intraperitoneal adhesions.

A isquemia transitória hepática tem sido cada vez mais amplamente utilizada. Contudo, essa atitude, embora muitas vezes benéfica, é contrabalançada pelos efeitos adversos advindos da isquemia hepática e da congestão esplênica, assim como, das conseqüências da reperfusão. O objetivo dos autores é determinar os efeitos da isquemia seletiva em animais pré-tratados ou não com alopurinol, inibidor da xantina oxidase sobre a mortalidade dos animais. Foram utilizados 30 ratos assim divididos: Grupo I (n=10): pré-tratados com alopurinol e submetidos à laparotomia e exposição do pedículo hepático por 45 minutos. Grupo II (n=10): tratados com alopurinol e submetidos à isquemia hepática seletiva por 45 minutos. Grupo III (n=10): submetidos apenas à isquemia por 45 minutos. A mortalidade pós-operatória foi avaliada a cada 24 horas, por um período de 10 dias. Entre os animais do grupo I, não foram observados óbitos, entretanto, naqueles dos grupos II e III, as mortalidades globais foram respectivamente 20 e 46,7%. Diferença estatisticamente significativa, apenas, entre a mortalidade observada no grupo III em relação ao controle (p<0,05). A mortalidade pós-operatória no grupo de animais submetidos à isquemia sem pré-tratamento com alopurinol ascende as cifras de 46,67% dos animais, enquanto naqueles pré-tratados com alopurinol houve um importante decréscimo para 20%. Embora sem uma distinção estatisticamente significativa, reflete uma tendência de um efeito protetor do alopurinol na isquemia e reperfusão hepática.

The transitory hepatic ischemia has been frequently used. However, this procedure, benefic some times, is contrabalanced by the adverse effects from the hepatic ischemia and esplenic congestion, as well as of the reperfusion consequences. The objective of the authors is to determine the effects of the selective ischemia in pretreated and not pretreated rats with allopurinol, inhibitor of the xantine oxidase enzyme, in the mortality of the rats. Thirthy Wistar rats were used and divided into three groups: Group I (n=10): pretreated with allopurinol and submitted to laparotomy and exposition of the hepatic vessels for 45 min. Group II (n=10): pretreated with allopurinol and submitted to selective hepatic ischemia for 45 minutes. Group III (n=10): Submitted only to selective hepatic ischemia for 45 min. The postoperative mortality was evaluated each 24 hours, by one period of 10 days. Among the animals of the group 1, it wasn't observed deaths, however, in those of the groups II and III, the global rates of mortality were, respectively, 20 and 46.67%. Statistically significative difference , was bettwen the observed mortality in groups I and III (p<0.05). The postoperative mortality in the group of animals submitted to ischemia without pretreatment with allopurinol was 46.67%, while in those animals pretreated with allopurinol, there was an important decrease to 20%. Even without an statistically significative distinction, it reflects a tendency of a protector effect of the allopurinol in the hepatic ischemia and reperfusion.

Objetivo: Vários estudos têm demonstrado que Radicais Livres de Oxigênio (RLO) contribuem para o dano celular decorrente da isquemia e reperfusão. Este estudo foi desenvolvido como o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da isquemia e reperfusão renal em ratos, tratados ou não com alopurinol, sobre a lipoperoxidação (LPO) das membranas celulares renais. Método: Foram usados ratos Wistar distribuídos em 4 grupos e submetidos a períodos de isquemia e reperfusão renal ou não, dependendo do grupo. Também foram submetidos ou não a tratamento com alopurinol na dose de 50 e 150 mg/Kg por via intraperitoneal, 5 e 1 horas antes do procedimento. Na avaliação da lipoperoxidação utilizou-se os métodos do TBARS e QL. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram aumento da LPO nos animais submetidos a isquemia e reperfusão renal. No entanto, estes efeitos deletérios foram reduzidos com o pré-tratamento com alopurinol (p<0,05). Conclusão: O dano causado em animais submetidos a isquemia e reperfusão renal pode ser demonstrado e quantificado pela LPO. Além disso, o alopurinol demonstrou proteção renal contra o dano decorrente desta síndrome, diminuindo a LPO nestes animais. Estes resultados sugerem que a via da xantina oxidase é uma das mais importantes rotas metabólicas envolvidas na geração de RLO, estes responsáveis em parte pelos danos funcionais do rim na síndrome da isquemia e reperfusão deste órgão.

Background: Evidence has accumulated that oxygen free radical (OFR) contribute to the cellular damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats, treated or not with allopurinol evaluating the lipid peroxidation (LPO) of renal cellular membranes. Method: Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n=10) and submitted to 50 minutes of renal ischemia and reperfusion and treated or not with allopurinol (50 and 150 mg/Kg of body, 5 and 1 hour before ischemia, respectively). The lipid peroxidation was assessed by TBARS method (Thiobarbituric acid reactives substances) and CL method (Chemiluminescence). Results:The results showed that animals submitted to renal ischemia-reperfusion had renal LPO damage. These effects of ischemia and reperfusion were reduced by treatment with allopurinol (p<0,05). Conclusion: These results suggest that xanthine oxidase is one of the most important pathway envolved in the generation of OFR and chemical reactives elements with injury potencial at the renal cellular membranes due to ischemia-reperfusion syndrome. At least, allopurinol showed benefical effects preventing damage due to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.