ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the association of anthropometric measurements with endothelial function and arterial stiffness of eutrophic individuals and with overweight. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with individuals with body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 kg/m² and < 30 kg/m², low to intermediate global cardiovascular risk scores, and aged ≥ 18 and < 60 years. We assessed the sociodemographic data, anthropometric variables (body weight, height, circumferences of the waist [WC], neck [NC], hip [HC], sagittal abdominal diameter [SAD], [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]), biochemical parameters (lipid profile and nitric oxide), endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD], by ultrasound), and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV] and the amplification index [AIx@75] by oscillometry). Thirty-six individuals were included, 18 eutrophic and 18 with overweight, with a mean age of 37.5 ± 10.2 years, mostly at low cardiovascular risk (86.1%), female (80.6%), single (52.8%), employed with formal contracts (44.4%), and with over twelve years of education (88.9%). Results: The PWV presented positive and moderate correlation with the WC (r = 0.584; P = 0.001), WHR (r = 0.513; P = 0.001), and WHtR (r = 0.590; P = 0.001), and positive and low correlation with the NC (r = 0.372; P = 0.013) and SAD (r = 0.356; P = 0.033). Moreover, no anthropometric parameter presented a correlation with the AIx@75 or the FMD percentage in the total sample. Conclusion: Our findings show that in eutrophic individuals and with overweight the WC, WHR, WHtR, SAD, and NC were positively correlated with the PWV but not to the endothelial function in the overall sample. These are hypothesis-generating findings and they should be replicated in other studies.

ABSTRACT Dengue is a global and growing health threat, especially in Southeast Asia, West Pacific and South America. Infection by the dengue virus (DENV) results in dengue fever, which can evolve to severe forms. Cytokines, especially interferons, are involved in the immunopathogenesis of dengue fever, and so may influence the disease outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between severe forms of dengue and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interferon-gamma gene (IFNG): A256G (rs2069716) and A325G (rs2069727). We included 274 patients infected with DENV serotype 3: 119 cases of dengue without warning signs (DWoWS), and 155 with warning signs (DWWS) or severe dengue (SD). DNA was extracted, and genotyped with Illumina Genotyping Kit or real time PCR (TaqMan probes). We estimated the adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) by multivariate logistic regression models. When comparing with the ancestral AA/AA diplotype (A256G/A325G), we found a protective association of the AA/AG against DWWS/SD among patients with secondary dengue (OR 0.51; 95% IC 0.24-1.10, p = 0.085), adjusting for age and sex. The variant genotype at locus A325G of the IFNG, in combination with the ancestral genotype at locus A256G, can protect against severe clinical forms of secondary dengue in Brazilian DENV3-infected patients.

RESUMO Minas Gerais tem um enorme desafio relacionado com a destinação de bilhões de toneladas de rejeitos da mineração de ferro. Neste contexto, a inovação é elemento fundamental para encontrar alternativas técnicas e economicamente viáveis para fazer frente a este problema. Neste trabalho, avalia-se a tentativa de implementação de rede colaborativa para gerar as inovações necessárias para a destinação de rejeitos no estado de Minas Gerais. Trata-se da Plataforma R3 Mineral, uma rede colaborativa para o desenvolvimento de soluções para a destinação dos rejeitos. Para a compreensão dos obstáculos que levaram ao encerramento foram realizadas entrevistas com atores que participaram da Plataforma. As redes colaborativas internacionais da mineração, AMIRA (Austrália) e CEMI (Canadá) são apresentadas como parâmetros para a análise da Plataforma R3 Mineral. De forma geral, observou-se que a falta de uma estrutura organizacional formal foi determinante para a dispersão dos membros da plataforma e para o seu insucesso. ferro contexto problema trabalho avaliase avalia se Tratase Trata R Mineral Austrália (Austrália Canadá (Canadá geral observouse observou insucesso

ABSTRACT Minas Gerais faces the challenge of disposal billions of tons of iron mining tailings. Innovation is a fundamental key in the search of technically and economically viable alternatives for solving this problem. In this paper, is presented and evaluated an attempt to implement a collaborative network to foster innovations for the disposal of tailings in the state of Minas Gerais. This is the Plataforma R3 Mineral, a collaborative network for the development of solutions for the disposal of mining waste. In order to understand the obstacles that led to the end in its operations, interviews were conducted with actors who participated in the Platform. International collaborative mining networks, AMIRA (Australia) and CEMI (Canada) are presented as parameters for the analysis of the Plataforma R3 Mineral. It was observed that the lack of a formal organizational structure was decisive for the dispersion of the platform members and for its failure. problem paper R Mineral waste operations Platform networks Australia (Australia Canada (Canada failure

Resumo Os incentivos fiscais são instrumentos utilizados para ampliar os esforços inovativos seja quantitativamente ou qualitativamente. No Brasil, os incentivos fiscais tiveram seu alcance ampliado a partir de 2005 com a Lei do Bem. Este artigo analisa o esforço inovador das empresas da Pesquisa Sondagem de Inovação da ABDI comparando as que receberam incentivos fiscais vis-à-vis com as que não receberam e também controlando pela origem do capital. As análises realizadas com modelo Logit indicaram que os impactos dos incentivos fiscais sobre o tipo de inovação realizada variam de acordo com a intensidade tecnológica dos setores. Mas os incentivos fiscais não foram significativos em relação à origem do capital, indicando que não alteram a dinâmica da inovação das empresas subsidiárias.

Abstract Tax incentives are an instrument used to expand innovative efforts either quantitatively or qualitatively. In Brazil, fiscal incentives were broadened in 2005 with the Law of Good. This article analyzes the innovative efforts of companies in the ABDI Research Survey, comparing those that received tax incentives vis-à-vis those that did not receive, also controlling for the origin of capital. The analyzes carried out with Logit model indicated that the impacts of the tax incentives on the type of innovation performed vary according to the technological intensity of the sectors. But the tax incentives were not significant in relation to the origin of capital, indicating that they do not alter the innovation dynamics of the subsidiary companies.

Resumo Este artigo objetiva apresentar o uso da triangulação na pesquisa qualitativa como estratégia para atingir os objetivos propostos, garantir credibilidade, confiabilidade e maior rigor científico em sua realização. Nesse sentido, a triangulação – por não se restringir à utilização de apenas um método, teoria, fonte de dados ou investigador no processo de análise de um mesmo fenômeno – possibilita a apreensão de uma dada realidade sob diversos ângulos, possibilitando o confrontamento de informações, de maneira a minimizar vieses resultantes de uma única perspectiva de análise. Com o intuito de evidenciar as possibilidades do uso de tal desenho metodológico, utilizou-se como exemplo um estudo qualitativo sobre vivências de cuidadores de pacientes com neoplasia de cabeça e pescoço, desenvolvido por meio de triangulação múltipla, a saber: triangulação metodológica (intramétodo), de dados, de investigador e ambiental. Ao se demonstrar um estudo estruturado, em forma de triangulação, tem-se como finalidade orientar pesquisadores interessados em realizar estudos qualitativos com um maior aprofundamento e rigor metodológico em pesquisa qualitativa.

Abstract This paper aims to present the use of triangulation in qualitative research as a strategy to achieve the proposed objectives, to ensure credibility, reliability, and greater scientific accuracy in its achievement. In this sense, triangulation – since it is not restricted to the use of only one method, theory, data source or researcher in the process of analyzing an event – allows the apprehension of a given reality from several angles, enabling information confrontation, in order to minimize bias resulting from a single analytical perspective. Thus, aiming at evidencing the possibilities of using such a methodological design, we used as an example a qualitative study about experiences of caregivers for patients with head and neck neoplasms, developed through multiple triangulation, namely: methodological (intra-method), data, researcher and environmental triangulation. When demonstrating a structured study in the form of triangulation, one aims to guide researchers interested in conducting qualitative studies with greater depth and methodological rigor in qualitative research.

Resumo Este artigo objetiva apresentar o uso da triangulação na pesquisa qualitativa como estratégia para atingir os objetivos propostos, garantir credibilidade, confiabilidade e maior rigor científico em sua realização. Nesse sentido, a triangulação – por não se restringir à utilização de apenas um método, teoria, fonte de dados ou investigador no processo de análise de um mesmo fenômeno – possibilita a apreensão de uma dada realidade sob diversos ângulos, possibilitando o confrontamento de informações, de maneira a minimizar vieses resultantes de uma única perspectiva de análise. Com o intuito de evidenciar as possibilidades do uso de tal desenho metodológico, utilizou-se como exemplo um estudo qualitativo sobre vivências de cuidadores de pacientes com neoplasia de cabeça e pescoço, desenvolvido por meio de triangulação múltipla, a saber: triangulação metodológica (intramétodo), de dados, de investigador e ambiental. Ao se demonstrar um estudo estruturado, em forma de triangulação, tem-se como finalidade orientar pesquisadores interessados em realizar estudos qualitativos com um maior aprofundamento e rigor metodológico em pesquisa qualitativa.

Abstract This paper aims to present the use of triangulation in qualitative research as a strategy to achieve the proposed objectives, to ensure credibility, reliability, and greater scientific accuracy in its achievement. In this sense, triangulation – since it is not restricted to the use of only one method, theory, data source or researcher in the process of analyzing an event – allows the apprehension of a given reality from several angles, enabling information confrontation, in order to minimize bias resulting from a single analytical perspective. Thus, aiming at evidencing the possibilities of using such a methodological design, we used as an example a qualitative study about experiences of caregivers for patients with head and neck neoplasms, developed through multiple triangulation, namely: methodological (intra-method), data, researcher and environmental triangulation. When demonstrating a structured study in the form of triangulation, one aims to guide researchers interested in conducting qualitative studies with greater depth and methodological rigor in qualitative research.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o papel da política industrial na promoção da upgrading tecnológica no Brasil. Para isso, nós focalizamos nas principais características do sistema nacional de inovação no Brasil e no papel das instituições. Nós examinamos se a política industrial implementada entre 2003 e 2014 foi capaz de promover mudanças nas convenções dos agentes em direção a estratégias mais vigorosas ligadas ao catch-up tecnológico. Ainda, nós analisamos a mineração, um setor em que o Brasil desenvolveu vantagens competitivas relevantes nos mercados internacionais, e no qual os agentes nacionais construíram importantes capacitações operacionais. Os principais resultados mostram as enormes dificuldades enfrentadas pelos esforços da política industrial em estabelecer mecanismos voltados para o catch-up tecnológico, a partir das experiências frustradas das políticas nos anos de 2002 a 2014. A experiência específica da mineração confirma esses resultados gerais, uma vez que as mineradoras nacionais não foram capazes de criar novas capacitações tecnológicas, mesmo durante o período de boom dos preços das commodities.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of industrial policy in promoting technological upgrading in Brazil. To do that, we focus on the main characteristics of the Brazilian national innovation system and the role of its institutions. We examine whether industrial policy implemented between 2003 and 2014 was able to promote changes in agents’ conventions towards more vigorous strategies linked to technological upgrading and catch-up. In addition, we analyze the Brazilian mining industry, a sector in which Brazil has developed relevant competitive advantages in international markets, and in which domestic agents have built important operational capabilities. Main results show the huge difficulties faced by industrial policy efforts in establishing mechanisms to drive technological catch-up, based on the unsuccessful experiences of policies in the years 2002 to 2014. The specific experience of the Brazilian mining industry confirms these general findings, since domestic mining companies were not able to create new technological capabilities, even during the commodity price boom period.

Abstract Objective: To analyze data related to surgical treatment in patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) and Down syndrome (DS) based on information from International Quality Improvement Collaborative Database for Congenital Heart Disease (IQIC). Methods: Between July 1, 2010 and December 31, 2017, 139 patients with CHD and DS underwent surgery at Hospital de Base and Hospital da Criança e Maternidade de São José do Rio Preto (FUNFARME)/Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto - SP (FAMERP). A quantitative, observational and cross-sectional study was performed in which the pre, intra and postoperative data were analyzed in an IQIC database. The data included gender, age, prematurity, weight, preoperative procedures, diagnosis, associated cardiac and non-cardiac anomalies, Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1), type of surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), perfusion time, aortic clamping time and CPB temperature, bacterial sepsis, surgical site infection and other infections, length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU), length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality. Results: The most prevalent procedures were complete atrioventricular septal defect repair (58 - 39.45%), followed by closure of ventricular septal defect (36 - 24.49%). The RACHS-1 categories 1, 2, 3 and 4 were distributed as 22 (15%); 49 (33.3%); 72 (49%) and 4 (2.7%), respectively. There were no procedures classified as categories 5 or 6. Bacterial sepsis occurred in 10.2% of cases, surgical site infection in 6.1%, other infections in 14.3%. The median length of ICU stay was 5 days and the median length of hospital stay was 11 days. In-hospital mortality was 6.8%. Conclusion: Surgical treatment in patients with CHD and DS usually does not require highly complex surgical procedures, but are affected by infectious complications, resulting in a longer ICU and hospital length of stay with considerable mortality.

ABSTRACT Objetivo: analisar o perfil dos pacientes com gangrena de Fournier tratados em um hospital público terciário do oeste do Paraná. Métodos: estudo transversal, retrospectivo e descritivo de pacientes portadores de gangrena de Fournier atendidos no período de janeiro de 2012 a novembro de 2016. Resultados: foram tratados 40 pacientes com gangrena de Fournier no período: 29 (72,5%) homens e 11 (27,5%) mulheres. A média de idade foi de 51,7±16,3 anos. A média de tempo de evolução da doença, do sintoma inicial até a internação, foi de 10,5±1,2 dias. Todos os pacientes apresentaram algum sinal clínico como dor, abaulamento, eritema, entre outros, e 38 (95%) tinham comorbidades associadas, sendo as mais comuns diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e hipertensão arterial sistêmica. A maioria (30 pacientes -75%) apresentava como etiologia provável abscesso perianal. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à antibioticoterapia e tratamento cirúrgico com média de 1,8±1,1 cirurgias por paciente. Nove (22,5%) pacientes morreram. Houve forte correlação entre a presença de sepse na admissão e mortalidade. Conclusão: pacientes portadores de gangrena de Fournier, nesta casuística, apresentavam longo tempo de doença e elevada prevalência de comorbidades com alto índice de mortalidade.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the profile of patients with Fournier’s gangrene treated in a public tertiary hospital in western Paraná State. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study of patients with Fournier’s gangrene treated between January 2012 and November 2016. Results: there were 40 patients with Fournier’s gangrene treated in the period, 29 (72.5%) men and 11 (27.5%) women. The mean age was 51.7±16.3 years. The mean time of disease progression, from the initial symptom to hospitalization, was 10.5±1.2 days. All patients had clinical signs such as pain, bulging, erythema, among others, and 38 (95%) had associated comorbidities, the most common being type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension. The majority (30 patients - 75%) had perianal abscess as the probable etiology. All patients were submitted to antibiotic therapy and surgical treatment, with a mean of 1.8±1.1 surgeries per patient. Nine (22.5%) patients died. There was a strong correlation between the presence of sepsis on admission and mortality. Conclusion: Fournier’s gangrene patients in this series had a long disease duration and a high prevalence of comorbidities, with a high mortality rate.

RESUMO Acredita-se que os atores do Sistema Nacional de Inovação (NSI) influenciam e são influenciados por aspectos regionais, como a localização geográfica. Pautado nessa perspectiva, a performance científica, tecnológica e econômica de divisões subnacionais em nove países, desenvolvidos e subdesenvolvidos, é analisada neste trabalho. O objetivo é avaliar a hipótese de existência de maior concentração regional dos entes do NSI em países subdesenvolvidos. Os resultados sugerem que esta hipótese pode estar correta, dado que as atividades de C,T&I tendem a apresentar maior concentração regional nas regiões mais ricas dos países subdesenvolvidos aqui avaliados, em oposição ao que ocorre nos países desenvolvidos.

ABSTRACT It is believed that actors of the National System of Innovation (NSI) influence and are influenced by regional aspects, like geographical allocation. Based on this perspective the scientific, technological and economical performances in sub-national divisions of nine developed and developing countries are analyzed in this paper. The aim is to evaluate the hypothesis on the existence of higher regional concentration of NSI actors in developing countries. The results suggest that this hypothesis may be correct, since S,T&I activities are more likely to be regionally concentrated in the richest regions in the developing countries analyzed, opposing what happens in developed countries.

Verifica-se em Minas Gerais a presença de um aparato de apoio à inovação regionalmente identificado e alinhado a uma das principais atividades econômicas locais, a siderurgia. Esse sistema regional de inovação foi constituído a partir do século XIX, sendo caracterizado pelo intenso fluxo de informações entre as instituições de ensino e pesquisa, principalmente o Departamento de Metalurgia da UFMG e o setor produtivo. Observou-se que a parceria entre a universidade e o setor produtivo na qualificação profissional e na busca por soluções para a melhoria de processos e produtos representa a materialização desse fluxo informacional, historicamente constituído, viabilizando a inovação tecnológica na siderurgia mineira.

There is in Minas Gerais (Brazil) an institutional apparatus to support innovation processes, especially in the local steel industry - one of the most important economic activities in the state. This regional innovation system, established in the 19th century, is characterized by an intense information flow between the university system and the industry. The partnership involving universities and firms is based on professional qualification and the joint search for new products and processes. We observed that the historically constituted university-firm interaction fosters technological innovation in the Minas Gerais steel industry.

62 axillas, 32 on the right upper limb and 30 on the left one were analyzed aiming a more detailed study of the topographic relationship between the brachial plexus' (BP) cords and the second part of the axillary artery (Aa). Once the second part of the Aa was determined (retropectoral part of the axilla) the authors observed that some of the BP's cords lost their identity during the length of the above-mentioned part of the axilla, so, the analysis of these cords and their relationship with the Aa was effected on the beginning of the retropectoral region. It was verified that in 27,42% of the cases, PB's cords surrounded the 2nd part of the Aa positioned according to their names lateral cord (LC), medial cord (MC) and posterior cord (PC) being this the most mentioned disposition in literature. In 16,13% of the cases, it was observed that MC and PC were disposed posteriorly to the Aa, while LC was situated laterally to the artery. In 3,23 % of the cases, LC and MC were found anteriorly, and PC posteriorly to the Aa; in the same percentage of cases, all the cords were situated laterally to the Aa. Only in 1,62%, MC and PC were situated according to their names, and the LC was anterior to the Aa. The majority of cases in which the cords were present, they disposed themselves differently of what the analyzed literature shows

Analizamos 62 axilas, 32 derechas y 30 izquierdas de cadáveres humanos, con el objetivo de hacer un estudio detallado de las relaciones topográficas de los cordones del plexo braquial (PB) en relación a la 2 parte de la arteria axilar (Aa) (parte retropectoral de la axila). Notamos que algunos cordones del PB pierden su identidad a lo largo de dicha porción, por este motivo, el análisis de ellos fue hecha en el comienzo de la región retropectoral y se limitó a los casos en que se presentaban al mismo tiempo los tres cordones (36 casos, 58%). Se comprobó que en el 27,42% de los casos, los cordones del PB circundaban la 2 parte de la Aa y estaban situados en conformidad con sus nombres lateral (CL), medial (CM) y posterior (CP) siendo ésta la disposición más citada en la literatura. En 16,13% de los casos, se observó el CM y el CP dispuestos posteriormente a la Aa, estando el CL lateral. En 6,46% de los casos, el CP estaba ubicado postero-lateral, el CM estaba posterior y el CL se ubicaba lateralmente a la Aa. En 3,23% de los casos, el CL y el CM estaban situados anteriormente, y el CP posteriormente a la Aa; en el mismo porcentaje todos los cordones del PB estaban ubicados lateralmente a la Aa. Sólo en el 1,62%, fueron encontrados los CM y CP relacionados con la Aa conforme a sus nombres, y el CL ubicado anteriormente a la Aa. En la mayoría de los casos donde los cordones estaban presentes, éstos se ubicaban de modo diferente a como se presenta en la literatura analizada