RESUMO Neste texto buscamos cartografar a formação do partido Podemos a partir de uma perspectiva voltada para debates teórico-políticos que antecederam sua criação. Focaremos em três grandes discussões: 1) Estado e hegemonia; 2) a “operação populista” e a crítica autonomista; 3) o enfoque descolonial. Tentaremos entender, assim, uma proposta política que surge em diálogo com vários debates mantidos com a experiência dos governos “progressistas” da América do Sul, a esquerda espanhola e a europeia.

ABSTRACT In this paper we seek to map the formation of the party Podemos from an approach focused on theoretical and political debates that preceed its creation. We will focus in three main discussions: 1) hegemony and the State; 2) on the “populist operation” and the autonomist critique; 3) the decolonial turn. We will try to understand a political proposal that emerges in dialogue with various discussions held with the experience of “progressive” governments in South America; the Spanish and the European left.

In this article we summarize some of the preliminary results of a study on asambleas barriales (neighborhood assemblies), included in a larger research project concerning the process of formation of social actors and the new modalities of political action. This specific line of research is intended to bind together anthropology and politics, since we ourselves are actively involved in these collective practices. Our focus is on the modalities of organization, the functional arrangements, the debates and activities of several "assemblies", examined from within a theoretical framework based on the concepts of social construction and hegemony. We apply participant-observation and the systematic recording of oral and written discourses and individual and collective practices in order to reveal on analysis the multiplicity of meanings and tensions that arise from these practices. In this way, we focus on the transformations of the vecino (neighbor) category, proposing a tentative chronology in order to apply a dynamic perspective to the analysis of this multiplicity of meanings and practices.

Este trabajo sintetiza algunos resultados parciales de una primera etapa de investigación sobre "asambleas barriales", de un proyecto más amplio sobre procesos de formación de actores y nuevas modalidades de acción política. Esta línea de investigación en particular, se propone ligar antropología y política, a partir del análisis de un proceso del que, a la vez, somos partícipes activos. A partir de las categorías teóricas de construcción social y hegemonía focalizamos las modalidades de organización, los dispositivos de funcionamiento, las discusiones y actividades de distintas "asambleas", combinando observación con participación y registro sistemático de formas discursivas orales y escritas y de las prácticas individuales y colectivas, para captar la multiplicidad de sentidos y tensiones que estas prácticas ponen en juego. Desde ahí, focalizamos las transformaciones de sentido de la categoría vecino a partir de una periodización tentativa que permite abordar, en términos de proceso, la multiplicidad de prácticas y significaciones construidas.