ABSTRACT In the intercropping of maize with Megathyrsus maximus, the application of herbicides is a technique that can be used to reduce competition between intercrops. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different glyphosate doses on suppressing the growth of Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Quênia intercropped with maize, as well as in weed control. The randomized block experimental design was used and conducted in the field. The treatments consisted of the application of six glyphosate doses, 0; 48; 96; 240; 480; 960 g acid equivalent [a.e.] ha-1, and a maize treatment without the forage with 960 g acid equivalent [a.e.] ha-1. The dose of 260.87 g a.e. ha-1 provides a 50% response to the forage production variable; therefore, it has the potential to suppress M. maximus cv. BRS Quênia. The presence of forage reduces the density and dry mass of weeds, with the species in the weed community: Ricinus communis, Eleusine indica, Alternanthera tenella, Commelina benghalensis, Conyza sp., and Digitaria horizontalis.

RESUMO No consórcio de milho comMegathyrsus maximus, para reduzir a competição entre as culturas consortes, a aplicação de herbicidas é uma técnica que pode ser utilizada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de glifosato para supressão do crescimento deMegathyrsus maximuscv. BRS Quênia em consórcio com milho, bem como no controle de plantas daninhas. O trabalho foi conduzido a campo, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de seis doses de glifosato, 0; 48; 96; 240; 480; 960 g equivalente ácido [e.a.] ha-1 e um tratamento de milho sem a forragem com 960 g equivalente ácido [e.a.] ha-1. A dose de 260,87 g e.a. ha-1 fornece 50% de resposta à variável produção de forragem; portanto, tem potencial para supressão de M. maximuscv. BRS Quênia. A presença da forrageira reduz a densidade e massa seca das plantas daninhas, sendo as principais espécies na comunidade infestante: Ricinus communis, Eleusine indica, Alternanthera tenella, Commelina benghalensis, Conyza sp. e Digitaria horizontalis.

ABSTRACT The intercropping between maize and forage species is an alternative commonly used within farming systems. Competition among crops may be a limiting factor in intercropping, compromising maize and forage yield. Although necessary, the literature does not provide satisfactory answers on the interaction of forage crops launched in the market recently, such as BRS Zuri, intercropped with maize. Therefore, techniques such as the use of herbicide subdoses come in as an option to suppress forage growth, making simultaneous cultivation feasible. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of glyphosate herbicide subdoses on the development of Panicum maximum cv. BRS Zuri intercropped with Roundup Ready® (RR) maize and how this interaction reflects on the weed population, forage yield, and biometric and yield variables of maize. The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments consisting of six subdoses of glyphosate herbicide (0, 48, 96, 240, 480, and 960 g acid equivalent [a.e.] ha-1) and maize in monoculture with four replications. For the conditions of this study, the dose of 480 g a.e. ha-1 of glyphosate may be an alternative since there was weed suppression and adequate forage development. Maize yield was not affected by the presence of forage.

RESUMO O consórcio entre milho e espécies forrageiras é uma alternativa comumente utilizada dentro dos sistemas agropecuários. A competição entre as culturas pode ser um fator limitante no consórcio, comprometendo a produção do milho e forragem. Embora necessário, a interação de forrageiras lançadas no mercado nos últimos anos, como a BRS Zuri consorciada com a cultura do milho, não fornece respostas satisfatórias na literatura. Por isso, técnicas como a utilização de subdoses de herbicida entra com uma opção a fim de suprimir o crescimento da forrageira, viabilizando o cultivo simultâneo. Assim, objetivou-se no presente estudo avaliar os efeitos de subdoses do herbicida glyphosate sobre o desenvolvimento de Panicum maximum cv. BRS Zuri consorciado com milho RR (Roundup Ready®) e como essa interação reflete na população de plantas daninhas, no rendimento da forrageira e nas variáveis biométricas e produtivas do milho. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, cujos tratamentos consistiram em seis subdoses do herbicida glyphosate (0, 48, 96, 240, 480 e 960 g equivalente ácido [e.a.] ha-1), além do milho em monocultivo com quatro repetições. Para as condições do presente estudo, a dose de 480 g e.a. ha-1 de glyphosate pode ser uma alternativa, visto que houve a supressão de plantas daninhas e um adequado desenvolvimento da forragem. Já o rendimento do milho não foi afetado pela presença da forrageira.

Abstract Objectives Evidence suggests that ketamine’s influence on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) might be involved in its mechanism of rapid antidepressant action. We aimed to evaluate the differential impact of ketamine and esketamine on serum BDNF levels and its association with response patterns in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods Participants (n = 53) are from a randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing the efficacy of single-dose ketamine (0.5mg/kg, n = 27) and esketamine (0.25mg/kg, n = 26) in TRD. Depression severity was assessed before and 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days after the intervention, using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Blood samples were collected before infusion, 24 hours, and 7 days afterwards. Results There were no significant changes in BDNF levels at post-infusion evaluation points, and no difference in BDNF levels comparing ketamine and esketamine. Both drugs exhibited similar therapeutic effect. There was no association between BDNF levels and response to treatment or severity of depressive symptoms. Conclusion There was no significant treatment impact on BDNF serum levels – neither with ketamine nor esketamine – despite therapeutic response. These results suggest that ketamine or esketamine intervention for TRD has no impact on BDNF levels measured at 24 hours and 7 days after the infusion. This clinical trial is registered on the Japan Primary Registries Network: UMIN000032355.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of water supply and sowing time on yield and yield components of two corn hybrids grown during offseason in the region of Dourados-MS, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in sub-divided plots, with four replications. In the main plot, two sowing dates were defined (2013 crop year: February 27 and March 27; and 2014 crop year: March 18 and April 5). In subplots, irrigation management systems were defined (irrigated and rainfed). Hybrids AS 1555 and AS 1590 were grown in the sub-plots. The parameters evaluated were plant height, ear insertion height, stem diameter, ear length and diameter, 100-grain weight, and grain yield. Regardless of irrigation and hybrid used, sowing time significantly affected corn yield, which responded to climate changes throughout crop cycle. Water supply increased corn yield, with the highest value being of 9338 kg ha-1 (156 bags ha-1) and obtained when irrigated AS 1555 hybrid was sown on February 27, 2013.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e a metamorfose de girinos de rãtouro (Lithobates catesbeianus) alimentados com dietas balanceadas com farinha de banana, abacate e abóbora, todas feitas sem epicarpo, em substituição à farinha de milho. Utilizando um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, os animais foram colocados em tanques com capacidade de 30 litros em sistema de recirculação de água com densidade de 1 girino / L. Por meio de biometria quinzenal foram avaliados peso, comprimento padrão e total, quanto ao desenvolvimento metamórfico, ganho em peso, consumo, conversão alimentar, taxa de crescimento específico, sobrevivência, parâmetros físico-químicos da água e composição centesimal da carcaça (somente no final). Os resultados mostraram melhor desempenho para girinos alimentados com ração balanceada com farinha de abóbora e banana, seguidos daqueles alimentados com farelo de abacate e alimentados com ração controle (p <0,05). Os animais alimentados com as duas últimas rações não diferiram (p> 0,05). Pode-se concluir que houve melhor desempenho nos animais alimentados com dietas contendo 10% de abóbora e farelo de banana ao invés de milho, e aqueles que receberam farelo de abacate com o mesmo desempenho das dietas tradicionais. Pesquisas devem ser realizadas para avaliar outros níveis de reposição desses nutrientes por girinos de rã-touro.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and metamorphosis of bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) fed balanced diets, wherein corn flour was replaced with banana, avocado, and pumpkin meal (all made without the epicarp). Using a completely randomized design, the animals were stored in tanks with a capacity of 30 L in a water recirculation system at a density of 1 tadpole/L. Through biweekly biometric measurements, the weight, standard, and total length were evaluated to determine metamorphic development, weight gain, consumption, feed conversion, specific growth rate, survival, physical-chemical parameters of water, and the percentage carcass composition (only at the end). Tadpoles fed rations balanced with pumpkin and banana flour performed the best, followed by those fed avocado meal and those fed the control ration (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that growth performance is improved in animals fed diets containing 10% pumpkin and banana meal instead of corn, and tadpoles that received the avocado meal had the same performance as the conventional diets. Research should be carried out to assess other avenues for the replacement of ingredients in rations for bullfrog tadpoles.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar em uma amostra de pacientes com distúrbios da diferenciação do sexo (DDS), dados relacionados à idade, ao encaminhamento e sua correlação com as queixas iniciais, ao sexo ao encaminhamento e ao sexo final e diagnóstico etiológico. Métodos: Revisão retrospectiva da idade por ocasião da primeira consulta e motivo dela, sexo social inicial e após definição do diagnóstico, cariótipo e diagnóstico etiológico de todos os casos atendidos em um ambulatório especializado em DDS entre 1989 e 2016. Foram excluídos casos que não compreendiam DDS e diagnósticos de DDS que não cursam comumente com ambiguidade genital, não necessitam de acompanhamento especializado. Resultados: Dos 1.793 casos atendidos, 1.139 foram diagnosticados com algum DDS. Excluíram-se 430 (272 síndrome de Turner, 66 síndrome de Klinefelter e 92 disgenesia gonadal pura), totalizando 709. Desses, 82,9% foram encaminhados por ambiguidade genital, somente um quarto ainda no primeiro mês de vida e 6,6% por atraso puberal, a maioria com 10 anos ou mais; 68,6% tiveram diagnóstico de DDS XY; 22,4% DDS XX e 9% de anomalias dos cromossomos sexuais. Conclusões: Este estudo apresenta a maior casuística na literatura de pacientes com DDS atendidos em um único serviço. O momento de encaminhamento da maioria dos pacientes com ambiguidade genital foi aquém do ideal e casos mais leves de ambiguidade e muitos com manifestações puberais foram encaminhados ainda mais tardiamente. Os resultados reforçam a importância do ensino continuado a profissionais que terão o primeiro contato com esses pacientes, principalmente pediatras e neonatologistas.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate, in a sample of patients with disorders of sex development (DSD), data related to the age at referral and their correlation with the initial complaints, gender at referral, defined gender after diagnosis and etiological diagnosis. Methods: Retrospective review of the age at the first consultation and the reason for it, initial social gender and gender after the diagnosis, karyotype and etiological diagnosis of all cases treated at a DSD outpatient clinic between 1989 and 2016. Cases that did not involve DSD and DSD diagnoses that do not usually involve ambiguous genitalia, thus not requiring specialized monitoring, were excluded. Results: Of the 1793 treated cases, 1139 were diagnosed with some type of DSD. This study excluded 430 cases (272 with Turner's syndrome, 66 with Klinefelter syndrome, and 92 with pure gonadal dysgenesis), thus a total 709 individuals were included. Of these, 82.9% were referred due to ambiguous genitalia; only one-quarter were still in the first month of life, and 6.6% were referred due to pubertal delay, with most of them aged 10 years or older. Of these patients, 68.6% had a diagnosis of XY DSD, 22.4% of XX DSD, and 9% of sex chromosome abnormalities. Conclusions: This study presents the largest series in the literature of patients with DSD treated in a single center. The time of referral of the majority of patients with ambiguous genitalia fell short of the ideal, and milder cases of ambiguous genitalia and many with pubertal manifestations were referred even later. The results reinforce the importance of continuing education for professionals who will have the first contact with these patients, mainly pediatricians and neonatologists.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes tempos de desidratação do descarte de tomate (0, 4, 24, 60 e 96 horas) adicionado nas silagens de casca de mandioca sobre a densidade, perdas fermentativas, recuperação de matéria seca, composição química e qualidade sensorial. O material foi ensilado por 60 dias em silos de cloreto de polivinila (PVC). Houve redução linear de 0,406 kg ton-1 de matéria fresca na produção de efluente nas silagens. Máxima perda de matéria seca (MS) (p <0,01) de 7,00% foi encontrada com 8,10 h de desidratação do descarte de tomate. Houve comportamento quadrático (p <0,01) para os teores de proteína bruta (PB) e carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF), com mínimo de 9% de PB e máximo de 66,0% de CNF com 3,53 e 7,35 h de desidratação do descarte de tomate, respectivamente. A classificação "satisfatória" foi observada nas silagens com 4, 24 e 96 h de desidratação do descarte de tomate na avaliação sensorial das características associadas à conservação. A casca da mandioca ensilada com descarte de tomate submetido ao tempo de desidratação de 7,35 horas é suficiente para promover um conteúdo adequado de carboidratos não fibrosos, associado a menores perdas no processo fermentativo.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different dehydration times of the tomato waste (0, 4, 24, 60 and 96 hours) added in the cassava peel silages on the density, fermentative losses, dry matter recovery, chemical composition, and sensorial quality. The material was ensiled for 60 days in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) silos. There was a linear reduction of 0.406 kg tonne-1 of fresh matter in the effluent production in the silages. A maximum dry matter (DM) loss (p<0.01) of 7.00% was found with 8.10 h of dehydration of the tomato wastes. There was a quadratic behavior (p<0.01) for crude protein (CP) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), with minimum content of 9% CP and maximum content of 66.0% NFC with 3.53 h and 7.35 h of dehydration of the tomato wastes, respectively. The "satisfactory" classification was observed to the silages with 4, 24 and 96 h of dehydration of tomato waste in the sensory evaluation of the characteristics associated with the conservation. Cassava peel ensiling with tomato waste submitted to dehydration time of 7.35 hours is enough to promote an adequate non-fibrous carbohydrates content, associated with lower losses in the fermentation process.

The aim of this study was evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of crude extracts from Eugenia uniflora, Libidibia ferrea and Psidium guajava. The extracts were obtained by turbo-extraction using water (AQ) or acetone-water (AC-W) (7:3, v/v) as solvents and lyophilized to obtain the crude extracts (CE). The CE were characterized by UV-Vis, TLC and HPLC. The activity of CEs was investigated against clinical isolates of Candida spp. and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), MIC50 and MIC90 were determinated. The analysis by TLC showed that all CEs presented polyphenols (flavonoids and tannins). The CEs from E. uniflora showed higher amount of polyphenols (30.35 ± 2.15%, AC-W) and the HPLC analysis revealed the tannins in all extracts. The CEs of E. uniflora showed MIC range from 1.9 to 500.0 µg/mL, and lower values of MIC50 and MIC90 against non-albicans Candida isolates. Regarding L. ferrea and P. guajava, the results showing MIC from 3.9 to 1000.0 µg/mL (CE-AQ) against C. albicans. The results demonstrate antifungal performance from CE against various species of Candida spp., suggesting that the herbal species may be use as new potential antifungal agents. Additionally, the polyphenol content can play a pivotal role in the antifungal properties of CE.

Abstract This paper presents an evaluation of multicarrier channel sounding techniques using different random and pseudo-random sequences to modulate the OFDM sounding signal. The Random (Rand), Pseudo-Noise (PN) and Zadoff-Chu (ZC) were tested, both in laboratory simulations and in field measurements. For the laboratory simulations Matlab routines were used to generate OFDM signals modulated with each of the three sounding signals, that were then convoluted with a synthesized transfer function of a test channel with six multipath components and added Gaussian noise and Doppler fading. The resulting signals are then correlated with a copy of the original signal to provide the multipath power delay profiles. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) and the relationship between peak power and mean power (PAPR) were used as metrics for the comparison between the test transfer function and the simulation detected multipath delay profiles, showing slight advantages of the ZC sequence. The three sequences were then used in field measurements to characterize an urban channel at 700 MHz. In the field measurements, the ZC sequence showed the lowest detection threshold, allowing for the detection of a larger number of multipath components.

Abstract This paper presents the propagation channel characteristics of a digital TV single-frequency network (SFN) obtained by carrying out field measurements using two synchronized transmitters. The measurements are performed at 31 reception points using both a directive reception antenna, which is typical of fixed reception scenarios, and an omnidirectional antenna, which is used to receive mobile signals. The characteristic parameters of the channel are obtained, including the average delay, the root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and the Rician K-factor, which are important for the design of SFN systems. An empirical expression is obtained for the prediction of the RMS delay spread as a function of the K factor and the distances to the transmission antennas.

RESUMO Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus e A. niger são os mais importantes agentes etiológicos da aspergilose, relevante micose aviária, com tratamento ineficaz e altas taxas de mortalidade. Em vista da importância da aspergilose, da necessidade de prospectar novos fármacos e do potencial terapêutico do óleo essencial de Origanum vulgare L. (OEO), o orégano, objetivou-se avaliar a sensibilidade in vitro de isolados clínicos de Aspergillus spp. em relação ao OEO. O óleo foi obtido por hidrodestilação em Clevenger, e a análise química realizada por cromatografia de massa (GC/MS). Observaram-se 15 diferentes compostos ativos, sendo 4-terpineol, hidrato de sabinene e timol os majoritários. Nos testes de microdiluição em caldo (Reference..., 2008), todos os isolados (n= 23) foram sensíveis ao OEO: A. fumigatus teve CIM entre 28,125mg/mL (0,1875%) e 450mg/mL (3,0%), A. flavus entre 112,5mg/mL (0,75%) e 450mg/mL, e A. niger 112,5mg/mL. CFM variou de 112,5mg/mL a 450mg/mL nos isolados de A. fumigatus, de 225mg/mL (1,5%) a 450mg/mL em A. flavus, e foi de 450mg/mL em A. niger. CIM e CFM foram idênticos em 6/14 isolados, o que demonstra que o óleo com a mesma concentração pode ter capacidade fungistática e fungicida. CIM 90 correspondeu à CIM máxima. Os resultados demonstram a atividade anti-Aspergillus do OEO, com CIM 90 de 450mg/mL (3%).

ABSTRACT Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus and A. niger are the most important etiological agents of aspergillosis, a relevant avian mycosis, with innefective treatment and high mortality rates. Due the importance of aspergillosis, the necessity of prospection of new drugs and the therapeutic potential of the essential oil of Origanum vulgare L. (OEO), popularly known as oregano, aims to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of Aspergillus spp. opposing to OEO. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation in Clevenger, and the chemical analysis performed by mass chromatography (GC/MS). 15 different active compounds were observed, being 4-terpineol (18.4%), sabinene hydrate (15.6%) and thymol (13.6%), the majority components. In the in vitro susceptibility test, all strains showed sensitivity to OEO, MIC of Aspergillus fumigatus ranged from 28,125mg/mL (0,1875%) to 450mg/mL (3,0%), A. flavus 112,5mg/mL (0,75%) to 450mg/mL, and A. niger 112,5mg/mL. MFC ranged from 112,5mg/mL to 450mg/mL in the A. fumigatus isolates, 225mg/mL (1,5%) to 450mg/mL in A. flavus, and 450mg/mL for A. niger. The MIC and FMC values were identical in 6/14 of the isolated subjects, demonstrating that the oil with the same concentration can have fungistatic and fungicidal capacity. The results demonstrates anti-Aspergillus activities of OEO with CIM90 de 450mg/mL (3%).

Abstract Developing a less invasive, practical and cost-effective operative technique for obesity treatment represents a pressing need for our society. In this way, intragastric single port sleeve by endoplication was tested in six pigs during 18 weeks. Celiotomy was performed with animal placed in dorsal decubitus position. Single port gastrostomy was performed and double tobacco pouch sutures were made in fundic region, making a gastric sleeve. At the end, stomach layers and skin were closed in a conventional manner. Means and the standard deviations of surgical time were calculated. The procedure was simple and all animals survived; there were no significant blood loss and no intra and postoperative complications. The procedure was fast (67.4 minutes). The technique has the advantage of not requiring the use of mechanical sutures, making it less costly. The innovation of this procedure was the use of a single port gastrostomy device to perform an intraluminal sleeve. What made this technique less invasive were the use of a single port, nonmanipulation of the stomach intra-abdominally, ease of execution and no need of pneumoperitoneum. The new technique is acceptable and has reproducible viability, had a short procedure time without intra and postoperative complications.

RESUMO. Foram realizados dois experimentos com objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de torta de mamona (0, 200 e 300 g m-2) e lâminas de irrigação (204, 224, 278 e 321 mm, em 2014 e 278, 302, 397 e 444 mm, em 2015) na produtividade e qualidade de bulbos de cebola, nos anos de 2014 e 2015. Nos experimentos o delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados (fatorial 4 x 3), com cinco repetições. O manejo da irrigação foi realizado pelo “Acionador simplificado de irrigação” (ASI), em resposta à tensão de água no solo, no tratamento de maior lâmina. Foram avaliadas a biomassa seca de planta (BSP) e de bulbo (BSP), a produtividade total (PT), o peso médio fresco de bulbo (PMFB), o peso médio seco de bulbo (PMSB), o diâmetro de médio dos bulbos (DMB), a eficiência de uso da água (EUA). As maiores lâminas de irrigação influenciaram positivamente a produção de bulbos de cebola, independente da dose de torta de mamona aplicada. As doses de torta de mamona influenciaram positivamente a produção de bulbos de cebola quando maiores lâminas de irrigação foram aplicadas. A EUA não foi influenciada pelas lâminas.

ABSTRACT. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects that different doses of castor bean (0, 200, and 300 g m-2) and irrigation levels (204, 224, 278, and 321 mm in 2014, and 278, 302, 397, and 444 mm in 2015) have on both the productivity and quality of onion bulbs. In the experiments, the experimental design was randomized blocks (4 x 3 factorial scheme), with five replicates. Irrigation management was performed using a Simplified Irrigation Device (SID) in response to soil water tension in the treatment of highest irrigation depth. The following variables were evaluated: plant dry biomass (PDB), bulb dry biomass (BDB), total yield (TY), mean bulb fresh weight (MBFW), mean bulb dry weight (MBDW), mean bulb diameter (MBD) and water use efficiency (WUE). The highest irrigation depths positively influenced the mean production of onion bulbs, regardless of the applied dose of castor cake. The doses of castor cake positively influenced the production of onion bulbs when higher irrigation depths were applied.

Abstract This paper presents the results of measurements of medium wave received field strength, HD Radio audio quality and maximum coverage distances in a dense urban region. Analog AM and digital HD Radio signals broadcasting the same content were simultaneously transmitted in São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil. The received signal intensity and the reception quality were recorded along radial routes of up to 45 km from the transmitter under both mobile and static conditions, enabling the comparative assessment of the digital and analog system performances.

Abstract Cognitive radio technology is in fast development and is considered a possible solution to improve the efficiency of radio spectrum use . Many studies have been recently carried out in order to improve spectrum-sharing techniques between primary and secondary users. This paper investigates one of the basic decision problems faced by a cognitive radio: given a time window of a specific size, a secondary user (SU) should decide if it will use it or not, minimizing the chances of collision with a primary user (PU). For this purpose, an algorithm is proposed that does not require previous information about PU occupancy behavior. The proposed algorithm shows very good performance when compared to three other methods recently proposed to tackle with this problem.