ABSTRACT Context: Polyacrylate-polyalcohol copolymer is a synthetic product, non-biodegradable, with low rate of therapeutic failure and lower incidence of reactions at the site of injection, when compared to biodegradable agents. We report an unprecedent, exuberant and persistent inflammatory reaction following injection of that substance. Patient: a 17 years-old patient with vesico-ureteral reflux and complete pyelocaliceal right duplication was submitted to treatment with polyacrylate-polyalcohol copolymer (STING technique). In the seventh day of post-operatory, she presented intense dysuria and hypogastric pain, without laboratory exams alterations; a symptomatic treatment was started. After two months, the symptoms persisted and an ultrasound detected thickening of bladder wall close to the uretero-vesical junction. After that exam, a cystostopic biopsy showed epithelial hyperplasia with increased edema of lamina propria, suggesting an adverse reaction to the polymer. After four months, there was complete remission, but the reflux persisted with the same grade. Hypothesis: This is an unprecedent reaction following injection of this copolymer. The presence of characteristics such as absence of infection, temporal relation between treatment and beginning of symptoms, and detection of epithelial hyperplasia at the local of injection reinforce the hypothesis of association of the substance and adverse reaction. In that patient, important complains motivated early investigation of urinary tract, that confirmed those aspects. Maybe if that reaction had occurred in patients with lower capacity of expression (such as in infants) it would be unnoticed.

A hiperplasia prostática gigante é uma condição rara caracterizada por aumento benigno prostático significativo, com volume maior que 500g. Existem poucos casos relatados e, em sua maioria deles está associada a sintomas graves do trato urinário inferior. Relatamos aqui o primeiro caso de hiperplasia prostática benigna assintomática em paciente idoso com próstata de 720g, hematúria macroscópica de início súbito e choque hipovolêmico. O paciente foi submetido com sucesso à prostatectomia suprapúbica, sem intercorrências no intra e pós-operatório.

Giant prostatic hyperplasia is a rare condition characterized by very high volume benign prostatic enlargement (>500g). Few cases have been reported so far and most of them are associated with severe lower urinary symptoms. We report the first case of asymptomatic giant prostatic hyperplasia in an elderly man who had a 720g prostate adenoma, sudden gross hematuria and hypovolemic shock. The patient was successfully treated with open transvesical prostatectomy and had an uneventful postoperative recovery.

Com o intuito de estudar a participação do gene ras ativado na tumorigênese humana, pesquisamos a freqüência de mutação pontual no códon 12 do gene K-ras em espécimes cirúrgicos de pacientes portadores de câncer de próstata. Foi utilizado um grupo controle de pacientes com hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB). Os cortes destinados ao estudo foram submetidos a extração do DNA pelo método da proteinase K. A amplificação do fragmento isolado foi obtida pela reação em cadeia de polimerase seguida por clivagem, utilizando-se a enzima de restrição Mval. A eletroforese em gel de agarose permitiu a verificação da presença de mutações. Constatamos a presença de mutação no códon 12 do gene K-ras em dois dos 15 carcinomas de próstata estudados (13,3%), sendo que nenhuma em pacientes com HPB. A ocorrência de mutação de 13,3% na amostra da população brasileira analisada caracteriza uma incidência intermediária entre as populações japonesa e americana. É pouco provável que a mutação isolada do K-ras seja um evento significativo na carcinogênese prostática nesta população.

Aiming to study the participation of activated ras gene on the human tumorogenesis, we have researched the frequency of a punctual mutation in codon 12 of the K-Ras oncogene in surgical specimens of patients with prostate cancer. We used control group of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The pieces addressed to the study was submitted to the extraction of DNA by the proteina kinase method. The isolated fragment amplification was obtained using a polymerase chain reaction followed by clevage with Mval restriction enzime. The electrophoresis process allowed the verification of the mutation presence. We noticed the presence of mutation in codon 12 of the K-ras oncogene in two of 15 prostate carcinomas studied (13.3%). None of the patients with prostatic benign prostatic hyperplasia presented any mutation. The mutation incidence of 13.3% on brazilian population sample analysed demonstrated an intermediary incidence between American and Japanese population. It is unlikely that K-ras mutation isolated has a significant role on the prostatic carcinogenesis in this population.

CONTEXTO: O carcinoma verrucoso de bexiga é uma neoplasia maligna muito rara, histologicamente semelhante ao condiloma acuminado. Normalmente apresenta-se associado à esquistossomose vesical (bilharzíase). Apenas 13 casos não relacionados à bilharzíase foram descritos até o momento, sendo que em nenhum deles foi relatada presença de coilocitose, um achado característico da infecção pelo papiloma vírus humano. RELATO DE CASO: Apresentamos um caso de carcinoma verrucoso de bexiga não relacionado à bilharzíase com presença de coilocitose e ausência de papiloma vírus humano. A literatura relacionada ao assunto é discutida.

CONTEXT: Verrucous carcinoma of the bladder is a very rare malignant neoplasm, histologically similar to condyloma acuminatum. Usually it shows association with vesical schistosomiasis (bilharziasis). Only 13 cases unrelated to bilharziasis have been reported to date, and none of them reported koilocytosis, a typical finding in human papillomavirus infection. CASE REPORT: We report a case of verrucous carcinoma of the bladder that was unrelated to bilharziasis, with koilocytosis and absence of human papillomavirus. The literature relating to the topic is discussed.

Foram estudados, retrospectivamente, 22 pacientes com diagnóstico de astrocitomas grau II (n=17) e III (n=5), OMS, no período de 1990 a 1998, cujos laudos histopatológicos descreviam a presença gemistocitos com o objetivo de determinar o índice de astrócitos gemistocíticos, investigar a imuno-expressão da proteína p53 e confrontá-los com o intervalo até a recorrência da neoplasia. O índice de astrócitos gemistocíticos, em cada caso, foi calculado a partir da razão entre o número de gemistocitos e o número total de células neoplásicas contadas, no mínimo 1000. Imuno-expressão nuclear da proteína p53 foi avaliada em astrócitos e gemistocitos neoplásicos; tanto a freqüência (7/22), como o índice de imuno-expressão positiva da p53 em gemistocitos, independentemente do grau histológico da neoplasia, foram inferiores aos relatados na literatura. Não se observou correlação entre o índice de astrócitos gemistocíticos e a imuno-expressão positiva da p53.

Twenty-two patients with astrocytomas, grade II or III WHO, were studied from 1990 to 1998. In all cases, histopathology showed that the astrocytomas had a gemistocytic component. The aims of this study were to establish the fraction of gemistocytic astrocytes, to investigate p53 protein immunoexpression and to evaluate correlations between these two parameters with the tumour outcome. Tumor cells were quantified at high-power magnification (x400). At least 1000 neoplastic cells (small neoplastic astrocytes plus gemistocytes) were counted in each specimen. The percentage of gemistocytes was defined as the gemistocytic index. Nuclear expression of p53 protein was evaluated in neoplastic astrocytes and gemistocytes. Both the frequency (7/22) as well the p53 immunoexpression indices in gemistocytes, regardless of the grade of the astrocytomas, were inferior from those reported in the literature. No correlation was found between the gemistocytic indices and the p53 immunoexpression.