RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de um sistema composto de reator anaeróbio compartimentado (RAC) seguido por filtro anaeróbio (FA), tratando águas residuárias de uma granja suinícola de pequeno porte. Foram analisados os parâmetros: pH, ácidos voláteis totais (AVT), demanda química de oxigênio total (DQOt), demanda química de oxigênio dissolvida (DQOdiss), demanda química de oxigênio devida aos sólidos suspensos (DQOSS), sólidos suspensos totais (SST), sólidos suspensos voláteis (SSV) e nitrogênio total kjeldhal (NTK). Os valores efluentes no RAC e no FA, de DQOt, SST e NTK, foram 6.633 e 4.361 mg.L-1, 2.418 e 595 mg.L-1 e 888 e 954 mg.L-1, respectivamente, para uma carga orgânica volumétrica (COV) de 7,01 kgDQO(m3.d)-1 no RAC e 28,3 kgDQO(m3.d)-1 no FA, e tempo de detenção hidráulico de 70,5 e 17,8 h no RAC e no FA, respectivamente. O sistema RAC seguido de FA mostrou eficiência de remoção média de 88,8% para DQOt e 80,5% de SST. Conclui-se que o sistema de tratamento anaeróbio, composto por RAC seguido de FA, foi eficiente na remoção de DQO e SST, possibilitando, nas condições operacionais impostas, alcançar valores médios de remoção acima de 80%, tornando-se uma ótima alternativa de tratamento de efluentes de suinocultura para granjas de pequeno porte.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to assess the performance of a system composed by a compartmentalized anaerobic reactor (CAR) followed by anaerobic filter (AF) in the treatment of the wastewater of as mall pigfarm.The following parameters were analyzed: pH, total volatilefatty acids (VFA), total demand of chemical oxygen (DCOt), dissolved chemical oxygen demand (CODdiss), chemical oxygen demand due to suspended solids (CODSS), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS) and total kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN). The effluents and AF values for the CAR, the DCOt, TSS and TKN were 6,633 and 4,361mg.L-1, 2,418 and 595 mg.L-1, and 888 and 954 mg.L-1, respectively, for a volumetric organic load (VOL) of 7.01 kgDCO(m3.d)-1 in CAR and 28.3 kgDCO(m3.d)-1 in AF, and hydraulic detention time of 70.5 hand 17.8 hin CAR and AF, respectively. The CAR system followed by FA presented a mean removal efficiency of 88.8% for COD and 80.5% for TSS. It is concluded that the anaerobic treatment system consisting of CAR followed by AF was efficient in removing DCO and TSS, allowing with the imposed operating conditions to achieve average removal values above 80%, becoming a great alternative for wastewater treatment in small swinefarms.

Background Happiness is a lasting state and is associated with the absence of negative emotions, the presence of positive emotions, life satisfaction, social engagement and objectives in life. Researchers have demonstrated the benefits of happiness in many aspects of life, but few studies have been conducted within psychiatry.Objectives To develop a critical literature review of studies on happiness and health in order to bring some further and useful information to psychiatry updating the article “Happiness: a review” published in 2007 in Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica.Methods Computational searching was undertaken of digital data basis (PubMed and SciELO) using the keywords “happiness” and “health”. One hundred twenty-seven papers published between 2004 and 2014 were found, but only 76 had the keywords in the title or abstract and with this were selected.Results Personality traits, such as self-direction; being married; being involved in physical and leisure activities; higher educational backgrounds and intelligence quotient; religiosity, volunteering and altruism; good physical and mental health; were positively related to happiness.Discussion Analysis of the concept of happiness and its associated emotions may be more complex than describing the symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Despite this, the study of happiness brings several positive implications for psychiatry.

The objective of the study was to compare the effect of organic and conventional cultivation on the antioxidant compound content and antioxidant activity of the Carmen tomato cultivar. Tomatoes were analyzed regarding ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, lycopene content and antioxidant activity. Organic tomatoes presented higher content of ascorbic acid and total phenolics (641.39 and 4466.66 mg/100 g EAG on dry wt basis) than did the conventional tomatoes (510.16 and 3477.50 mg/100 g EAG on wt dry basis, respectively). There was no difference in lycopene concentrations between the organic and conventional. The ether, alcohol and aqueous extracts obtained from the tomatoes were subjected to the DPPH test and the β-carotene/linoleic acid system assay. The alcohol and aqueous extracts from organic tomatoes presented higher antioxidant activity in the DPPH test (25.43 and 14.28%, respectively) than the conventional tomatoes (19.52 and 11.33%, respectively). Organic tomatoes had higher antioxidant potential probably due to its higher ascorbic acid and total phenolic values.