Release behaviors of arsenic (As) during pyrolysis of two Chinese coal gangues were studied in this report. The pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a temperature programmed tube furnace under N2 atmosphere with different temperature (200-1200 ºC), residence time (0-50 min), heating rate (10-50 ºC min-1) and N2 gas flow rate (100-500 cm3 min-1). The experiment results, under different pyrolysis conditions, indicate that the release ratio of As increases with increasing temperature, as well as residence time during pyrolysis of coal gangues. Besides that, higher heating rate during pyrolysis of coal gangues can stimulate the As release from coal gangue to some extent. The release ratio of As increases to a maximum and then decreases when the N2 gas flow rate is increased. The results imply that different modes of ocurrence of As exist in two coal gangues. The As release has positive relation with the volatile matter release. As is more easily released than coal gangue matrix during coal gangue pyrolysis.

Abstract Shape-selective methylation of naphthalene over SAPO-11, SAPO-5 and mordenite molecular sieves were carried out in a fixed-bed flow reactor under atmospheric pressure. Methanol and mesitylene were used as methylation and solvent agents. The experiment results showed that SAPO-11 exhibited higher stability, higher selectivity of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene (2,6-DMN) and higher 2,6-/2,7-DMN ratio than SAPO-5 and mordenite molecular sieves. The catalytic performances for the methylation of naphthalene were mainly related to the pore structure of the catalysts. The comparison of the spent SAPO- 11 with fresh SAPO-11 suggested that structure collapse of the SAPO-11 by dealumination was occurred during the methylation of naphthalene with methanol, which may have been caused by high temperature steam from water produced in the reaction or by high temperature methanol vapor.

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of low molecular chitosan containing sepia ink (LMCS) in ethanol-induced (5 ml/kg) gastric ulcer in rats. METHODS: Animals were divided into four groups (n = 12): normal group (Normal), negative control group (Con), experiment group (LMCS) and positive control Omeprazole group (OMZ). Gastric empty rate was detected in the first 7 days. Rats were sacrificed at 7, 14 and 21 day for histology and ELISA detections. RESULTS: Gastric empty was no significant differences among the groups (P > 0.05). Histological observation showed gastric mucosal LMCS treated had better healing effect. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) was significantly increased from 7 day (P < 0.05). LMCS significantly inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) generation for lipid peroxidation from 7 day (P < 0.05). LMCS significantly promoted the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) at the earlier stage (P < 0.05). OMZ had the similar effects above. As for myeloperoxidase (MPO), LMCS significantly decreased and restored it to normal levels from 7 day (P < 0.05), it is earlier than OMZ which is from 14 day. CONCLUSION: LMCS can improve gastric mucosa tissue repair, exert significant influences on oxidative and antioxidant enzyme activities and neutrophil infiltration.

PURPOSE: To detect whether chitin and sepia ink sponge (CS) can promote wound healing and elevate impact of CS on phagocytosis ability of macrophages. METHODS: Forty-eight rats were assigned to four groups: Normal group (Normal), negative control group (Con), chitin and sepia ink sponge group (CS) and positive control Surgicel Gauze(r) group (SG). Deep second-degree burn model was created in rats. Wound area was recorded by digital imaging and determined using Image J software. Samples were collected and kept at -80oC on 3d, 7d, 14d and 21d for cytokines detecting. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, hydroxyproline (Hyp) and macrophage activity reflected by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Comparing to Con and SG, scabs in CS group fell off and basically healed on 21 day. TGF-β1, IL-6, MMP-1 and Hyp were significantly increased by CS and SG comparing to Con (p < 0.05), CS had more apparently adjustment on TGF-β1 and MMP-1 compared to SG; results in vitro indicated CS significantly promoted phagocytosis ability of macrophages reflected in TNF-α (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CS improved wound healing through exerting significant influences on secretion of kinds of cytokines and activating macrophages.