Abstract Background: Cyclocodon lancifolius (Roxb.) Kurz is a perennial medicinal and edible plant with a huge potential economic value. The wild resources of this plant are gradually scarce by the serious destruction of the habitat and the limitations of sexual reproduction. This is the first attempt to establish an in vitro reproductive system for the species. Hypothesis: The suitable plant regulator types and its mass concentration range, combined with the explants, can induce the development of plants at various stages. We expected to establish an in vitro regeneration system of C. lancifolius based on these factors. Species studied: Cyclocodon lancifolius Study site and years of study: Yunnan Breeding and Cultivation Research and Development Center of Endangered and Daodi Chinese Medicinal Materials, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, from 2017 to 2019. Methods: The plant regeneration of C. lancifolius was established by single factor, L9 (34) orthogonal and complete combination experiments. Results: Stem segments were the best explants for callus induction on MS medium containing 0.05 mg·L-1 KT, 0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA. MS medium with 0.2 mg·L-1 TDZ and MS medium were used alternately as the culture method to conduct differentiation and proliferation of adventitious shoot. The optimal protocol for the rooting was MS medium combined with 0.1 mg·L-1 6-BA and 1.0 mg·L-1 NAA. Conclusions: A rapid propagation system of C. lancifolius was established which provided a possible solution for the protection of wild resources and artificial cultivation.

Resumen Antecedentes: Cyclocodon lancifolius es una planta perenne medicinal y comestible. Los recursos silvestres de esta planta escasean gradualmente debido a la grave destrucción del hábitat y las limitaciones de la reproducción. Este es el primer intento de establecer un sistema reproductivo in vitro para esta especie. Hipótesis: El tipo de regulador de crecimiento adecuado y su rango de concentración másica, combinado con los explantes, pueden inducir el crecimiento de plantas en varias etapas. Se espera establecer un sistema de regeneración in vitro de C. lancifolius basado en estos factores. Especie estudiadas: Cyclocodon lancifolius. Sitio y años del estudio: Universidad de Medicina China de Yunnan, De 2017 a 2019. Métodos: La regeneración de plantas de C. lancifolius se estableció mediante los experimentos de un solo factor, ortogonales de tipo L9 (34) y los de combinación completa. Resultados: Los segmentos del tallo fueron los mejores explantes para la inducción de callos en un medio MS que contenía 0.05 mg·L-1 KT, 0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA y 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA. El medio MS + 0.2 mg·L-1 TDZ se usó de manera alternativa con el medio MS como el método de cultivo para realizar la diferenciación y proliferación de brotes adventicios. El protocolo óptimo para el enraizamiento fue el medio MS combinado con 0.1 mg·L-1 6-BA y 1.0 mg·L-1 NAA. Conclusiones: Se estableció un sistema de propagación rápida de C. Lancifolius que proporcionó una posible solución para la protección de los recursos silvestres, así como para el cultivo artificial.

Abstract Background: LincRNAs have been revealed to be tightly associated with various tumorigeneses and cancer development, but the roles of specific lincRNA on tumor-related angiogenesis was hardly studied. Here, we aimed to investigate whether linc-OIP5 in breast cancer cells affects the angiogenesis of HUVECs and whether the linc-OIP5 regulations are involved in angiogenesis-related Notch and Hippo signaling pathways. Methods: A trans-well system co-cultured HUVECs with linc-OIP5 knockdown breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 was utilized to study the proliferation, migration and tube formation abilities of HUVECs and alterations of related signaling indicators in breast cancer cells and their conditioned medium through a series of cell and molecular experiments. Results: Overexpressed linc-OIP5, YAP1, and JAG1 were found in breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 and the expression levels of YAP1 and JAG1 were proportional to the breast cancer tissue grades. MDA-MB-231 cells with linc-OIP5 knockdown led to weakened proliferation, migration, and tube formation capacity of co-cultured HUVECs. Besides, linc-OIP5 knockdown in co-cultured MDA-MB-231 cells showed downregulated YAP1 and JAG1 expression, combined with a reduced JAG1 level in conditioned medium. Furthermore, a disrupted DLL4/Notch/NRP1 signaling in co-cultured HUVECs were also discovered under this condition. Conclusion: Hence, linc-OIP5 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells may act on the upstream of the YAP1/Notch/NRP1 signaling circuit to affect proliferation, migration, and tube formation of co-cultured HUVECs in a non-cellular direct contact way through JAG1 in conditioned medium. These findings at least partially provide a new angiogenic signaling circuit in breast cancers and suggest linc-OIP5 could be considered as a therapeutic target in angiogenesis of breast cancers.

ABSTRACT The demonstration is an effective initiative to bridge the gap between a premature technology and its large-scale commercialization. A systematic method of LCA was used to perform the well-to-wheel analysis of a CNG light-duty truck operated with 0%, 15%, and 30% blends of hydrogen with compressed natural gas fuel under the system boundary of “per vehicle km”. The GREET simulation was performed on GREET_1 (Excel Series_2017) to evaluate hydrogen production pathways with numerous parametric assumptions adopted to base the study in the context of China. Resource use, fossil energy use, GHG emission, and major air pollutants namely NOx and PM were studied. The idea was to demonstrate the effects of hydrogen addition throughout the entire fuel cycle of end-use of HCNG in an HCNG® LDV. The hydrogen blend of 30% with conventional CNG decreased the well-to-wheel GHG emission compared with 0%HCNG by 32.982%, 29.275%, and 9.694% with hydrogen pathways such as solar, biomass, and coke oven gas, respectively. Moreover, for 30%HCNG (Conv.NG), the well-to-wheel total energy consumption was increased by 15.176%, and 15.719% for solar and biomass-based pathways, respectively. However, although the energy consumption was increased for solar and biomass-based 15%HCNG and 30%HCNG pathways compared with 0%HCNG, the feedstock used was renewable and qualitatively cleaner. The worst scenario was found in the form of 30%HCNG (Conv.NG) with grid electrolysis pathway which showed 60.648% increment in WTW GHG and 75.479% increment in WTW total energy compared with baseline 0%HCNG (Conv.NG). The booming renewable electricity generation and availability of a tremendous amount of coke oven gas as by-products from coking industries in China can establish a prospective platform for sustainable hydrogen economy in China and is supposed to promote the commercialization of HCNG vehicles in future.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study reports the initial experience of extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical cystectomy (ELRC) and compared with transperitoneal laparoscopic radical cystectomy (TLRC) in the treatment of selected elderly bladder cancer patients. Patients and Methods: A total of forty male bladder cancer patients who underwent ELRC (n=19) or TLRC (n=21) with ureterocutaneostomy were investigated. Demographic parameters, perioperative variables, oncological outcomes and follow-up data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A significantly shorter time to exsufflation (1.5±0.7 vs 2.1±1.1 d; p=0.026) and liquid intake (1.8±0.9 vs 2.8±1.9 d; p=0.035) were observed in the ELRC group compared with the TLRC group. The incidence of postoperative ileus in the ELRC group was lower than the TLRC group (0 vs 9.5%). However, the difference had no statistical significance (p>0.05). The removed lymph node number in the ELRC group was significantly lower than the TLRC group (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the overall and cancer-free survival rates (p>0.05). Conclusions: ELRC seems to be a safe and feasible surgical strategy for the selected elderly bladder cancer patients with ≤ T2 disease. The surgical and oncological efficacy of the ELRC is similar to that of the TLRC, but with faster intestinal function recovery. Further studies with a large series including different urinary diversions are needed to confirm our results and to better evaluate the benefit of ELRC in bladder cancer patients.

摘要 目的 评估抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）早期进行磺胺甲基异恶唑预防疗法是否降低中国艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染成年人的死亡率。 方法 我们使用中国国家免费抗逆转录病毒数据库的数据进行回顾性观察性队列研究。对14岁以上在2010年1月1日至2012年12月31日之间开始ART治疗并且基...

Résumé Objectif Évaluer si la prophylaxie par le cotrimoxazole administrée précocement au cours de la thérapie antirétrovirale (TAR) réduit la mortalité chez les adultes infectés par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) en Chine. Méthodes Nous avons effectué une étude de cohorte par observation rétrospective en utilisant les données de la base de données antirétrovirale gratuite nationale chinoise. Les patients âgés de plus de 14 ans qui ont commencé une TAR entre le 1er janvier 2010 et le 31 décembre 2012 et qui avaient un nombre de lymphocytes T CD4+ (cellules CD4+) à la ligne de base inférieur à 200 cellules/µL, ont été suivis jusqu'à leur décès, jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient perdus de vue au suivi ou jusqu'au 31 ...

Резюме Цель Определить, приводит ли профилактика котримоксазолом на раннем этапе антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ) к снижению смертности среди ВИЧ-инфицирова...

Objective To assess if cotrimoxazole prophylaxis administered early during antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces mortality in Chinese adults who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods We did a retrospective observational cohort study using data from the Chinese national free antiretroviral database. Patients older than 14 years who started ART between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2012 and had baseline CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CD4+ cell) count less than 200 cells/µL were followed until death, loss to follow-up or 31 December 2013. Hazard ratios (HRs) for several variables were calculated using multivariate analyses. Findings The analysis involved 23 816 HIV-infected patients, 2706 of whom died during the follow-up. Mortality in patients who did and did not start cotrimoxazole during the first 6 months of ART was 5.3 and 7.0 per 100 person–years, respectively. Cotrimoxazole was associated with a 37% reduction in mortality (hazard ratio, HR: 0.63; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.56–0.70). Cotrimoxazole in addition to ART reduced mortality significantly over follow-up lasting 6 months (HR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.59–0.73), 12 months (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.49–0.70), 18 months (HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.38–0.63) and 24 months (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.48–0.90). The mortality reduction was evident in patients with baseline CD4+ cell counts less than 50 cells/µL (HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.54–0.67), 50–99 cells/µL (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.56–0.78) and 100–199 cells/µL (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62–0.98). Conclusion Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis started early during ART reduced mortality and should be offered to HIV-infected patients in low- and middle-income countries.

ملخص الغرض تقييم ما إذا كانت الوقاية باستخدام الكوتريموكسازول في مرحلة مبكرة خلال العلاج بمضادات الفيروسات القهقرية يقلل معدل الوفيات بين البالغين المصابين ب...

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar si la profilaxis con cotrimoxazol en una etapa temprana de la terapia antirretroviral (TAR) reduce la mortalidad en adultos de origen chino infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Métodos Se llevó a cabo un estudio de cohorte observacional retrospectivo utilizando los datos de la base de datos nacional de China de antirretrovirales de uso gratuito. Por otro lado, se realizó un seguimiento a pacientes mayores de 14 años que iniciaron el tratamiento con TAR entre el 1 de enero de 2010 y el 31 de diciembre de 2012 y con recuento basal de linfocitos T CD4+ (célula CD4+) inferior a 200 células/µl hasta su muerte, la pérdida de seguimiento o el 31 de diciembre de 2013. Se calcularon los cocientes de riesgos (CR) para diversas variables mediante análisis multivariados. Resultados En el análisis participaron 23 816 pacientes infectados por el VIH, 2706 de los cuales fallecieron durante el seguimiento. La mortalidad entre los pacientes que iniciaron y no iniciaron el tratamiento con cotrimoxazol durante los primeros 6 meses de la TAR fue de 5,3 y 7,0 por 100 personas/años, respectivamente. Cotrimoxazol se asoció a una reducción del 37 % en la mortalidad (cociente de riesgos, CR: 0,63, intervalo de confianza del 95 %, IC: 0,56 – 0,70). Además de la TAR, cotrimoxazol redujo la mortalidad considerablemente durante el seguimiento de 6 meses (CR: 0,65; IC del 95 %: 0,59 – 0,73), 12 meses (CR: 0,58; IC del 95 %: 0,49 – 0,70), 18 meses (CR: 0,49; IC del 95 %: 0,38 – 0,63) y 24 meses (CR: 0,66; IC del 95 %: 0,48 – 0,90). La reducción de la mortalidad resultó evidente en pacientes con recuento basal de células CD4+ inferior a 50 células/µl (CR: 0,60; IC del 95 %: 0,54 – 0,67), 50 – 99 células/µl (CR: 0,66; IC del 95 %: 0,56 – 0,78) y 100 – 199 células/µl (CR: 0,78; IC del 95 %: 0,62 – 0,98). Conclusión La profilaxis con cotrimoxazol iniciada en una etapa temprana de la TAR redujo la mortalidad y debe ofrecerse a los pacientes infectados por el VIH en países de ingresos bajos y medios.

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are innate immune molecules that have been structurally conserved throughout evolution in invertebrates and vertebrates. In this study, peptidoglycan recognition protein HcPGRP1 and its isoform HcPGRP1a were identified in the freshwater mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. The full-length cDNAs of HcPGRP1 (973 bp) and HcPGRP1a (537 bp) encoded polypeptides with 218 and 151 amino acids, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that HcPGRP1 had one C-terminal PGRP domain that was conserved throughout evolution. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HcPGRP1 clustered closely with EsPGRP4 of Euprymna scolopes. Real-time PCR showed that the mRNA transcripts of HcPGRP1 and HcPGRP1a were constitutively expressed in various tissues, with the highest level in hepatopancreas. Stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN) significantly up-regulated HcPGRP1 mRNA expression in hepatopancreas and foot, but not in gill, whereas HcPGRP1a expression was significantly up-regulated in all three tissues. Our results indicate that HcPGRP1 is both a constitutive and inducible protein that may be involved in immune responses (recognition and defense) against invaders.

Devices for the rotational culture of cells and the study of biological reactions have been widely applied in tissue engineering. However, there are few reports exploring the effects of rotational culture on cell morphology, nitric oxide (NO) production, and cell cycle of the endothelial cells from human umbilical vein on the stent surface. This study focuses on these parameters after the cells are seeded on the stents. Results showed that covering of stents by endothelial cells was improved by rotational culture. NO production decreased within 24 h in both rotational and static culture groups. In addition, rotational culture significantly increased NO production by 37.9% at 36 h and 28.9% at 48 h compared with static culture. Flow cytometry showed that the cell cycle was not obviously influenced by rotational culture. Results indicate that rotational culture may be helpful for preparation of cell-seeded vascular grafts and intravascular stents, which are expected to be the most frequently implanted materials in the future.

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OBJECTIF: Évaluer dans quelle mesure le peuple chinois est protégé contre les dépenses catastrophiques et l'appauvrissement dû aux dépenses médicales, mais aussi étudier le système de santé et les facteurs structurels qui influencent le premier de ces résultats. MÉTHODES: Des données ont été obtenues de la quatrième enquête nationale sur les services de santé. Une analyse des dépenses de santé catastrophiques et de l'appauvrissement dû aux dépenses médicales a été réalisée sur un échantillon de 55 556 ménages présentant diverses caractéristiques et vivant dans des environnements ruraux et urbains de différentes régions du pays. La régression logistique a été utilisée pour identifier les déterminants des dépenses de santé catastrophiques. RÉSULTATS: Le taux des dépenses de santé catastrophiques s'élevait à 13,0 % et celui de l'appauvrissement à 7,5%. Les taux de dépenses de santé catastrophiques étaient supérieurs dans les familles dont certains membres étaient hospitalisés, souffraient de maladies chroniques ou étaient des personnes âgées, ainsi que dans les familles des régions rurales ou plus pauvres. Une combinaison de facteurs défavorables augmentait le risque de dépenses de santé catastrophiques. Les familles bénéficiant de régimes d'assurance de résident ou d'employé urbain présentaient des taux de dépenses de santé catastrophiques inférieurs aux familles bénéficiant du nouveau régime corporatif rural. Le besoin en soins de santé et leur utilisation, les données démographiques, le type d'assurance et le type de méthode de paiement des fournisseurs étaient les déterminants des dépenses de santé catastrophiques. CONCLUSION: Bien que la Chine ait considérablement développé la couverture de son assurance-maladie, la protection financière reste insuffisante. L'objectif des responsables politiques doit être de créer des programmes d'assurance améliorés en étendant les prestations sociales, en redessinant les arrangements du partage des coûts et les méthodes de paiements des fournisseurs, mais aussi en développant des stratégies de contrôle des dépenses plus efficaces.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the degree to which the Chinese people are protected from catastrophic household expenditure and impoverishment from medical expenses and to explore the health system and structural factors influencing the first of these outcomes. METHODS: Data were derived from the Fourth National Health Service Survey. An analysis of catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment from medical expenses was undertaken with a sample of 55 556 households of different characteristics and located in rural and urban settings in different parts of the country. Logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of catastrophic health expenditure. FINDINGS: The rate of catastrophic health expenditure was 13.0%; that of impoverishment was 7.5%. Rates of catastrophic health expenditure were higher among households having members who were hospitalized, elderly, or chronically ill, as well as in households in rural or poorer regions. A combination of adverse factors increased the risk of catastrophic health expenditure. Families enrolled in the urban employee or resident insurance schemes had lower rates of catastrophic health expenditure than those enrolled in the new rural corporative scheme. The need for and use of health care, demographics, type of benefit package and type of provider payment method were the determinants of catastrophic health expenditure. CONCLUSION: Although China has greatly expanded health insurance coverage, financial protection remains insufficient. Policy-makers should focus on designing improved insurance plans by expanding the benefit package, redesigning cost sharing arrangements and provider payment methods and developing more effective expenditure control strategies.

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OBJETIVO: Evaluar el grado de protección de los habitantes de China frente a los gastos familiares catastróficos y el empobrecimiento provocado por los gastos médicos y examinar el sistema sanitario y los factores estructurales que influyen en el primero de estos resultados. MÉTODOS: Los datos se obtuvieron de la 4ª Encuesta nacional sobre los servicios sanitarios. Se emprendió la tarea de analizar los gastos sanitarios catastróficos y el empobrecimiento provocado por los gastos médicos con una muestra de 55.556 hogares con características diferentes localizados tanto en entornos rurales como urbanos en distintas partes del país. Se empleó un modelo de regresión logística para identificar los determinantes del gasto sanitario catastrófico. RESULTADOS: La tasa del gasto sanitario catastrófico fue del 13.0% y la del empobrecimiento, del 7,5%. La tasa del gasto sanitario imprevisto fue superior en los hogares en los que alguno de los miembros estaba hospitalizado, era anciano o sufría una enfermedad crónica, así como en los hogares de zonas rurales o más pobres. Una combinación de factores adversos aumentó el riesgo de sufrir gastos sanitarios catastróficos. Las familias inscritas en los seguros urbanos para empleados o residentes presentaron una tasa menor de gastos sanitarios catastróficos que aquellas que estaban inscritas en el nuevo seguro corporativo rural. La necesidad y el uso de la atención sanitaria, la demografía, el tipo de prestaciones así como el método de pago al proveedor fueron los determinantes del gasto sanitario imprevisto. CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque China ha ampliado mucho la cobertura del seguro de salud, la protección financiera sigue siendo insuficiente. Las autoridades deberían centrarse en diseñar planes de seguros mejorados aumentando las prestaciones, rediseñando los acuerdos para la financiación de los gastos y los métodos de pago al proveedor y desarrollar estrategias más eficaces para el control de los gastos.