Abstract Purpose: To analyze the topical effects of Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.) in induced myositis in rats. Methods: Thirty six male rats divided into three groups: Control group (C), induced myositis group (MI) and induced myositis group reated with Mauritia flexuosa L. (MT). After inducing myositis with 1% acetic acid, was topically applied 0.5 ml of Mauritia flexuosa L.extract on the posterior region of the right gastrocnemius muscle in animals belonging to group MT, for 7 and 14 days. Results: The neutrophil number there was statistically significant difference, after 7 and 14 days, between groups C and MI (p <0.001) (p<0.01). The group MT there was a significant difference in relation to MI group in both experimental times with (p<0.001). The number of fibroblasts in the 14 days showed that when comparing the groups M and MT the differences were also significant (p<0.001). As for the DLL, in 7 days, there was a significant difference between group C and MI group (p <0.001). When considering the MT group, there was a significant difference in relation to the MI group (p <0.001). Conclusion: The extract of Mauritia flexuosa L. leaves lessened acute and chronic inflammation, increased fibroblast proliferation and reduced macroscopically edema.

RACIONAL: Com o advento da colonoscopia com magnificação de imagem, tem se mostrado possível a identificação da natureza histopatológica das lesões colorretais através de suas características da forma que as glândulas se abrem na superfície da mucosa (PITS). Apesar de ser método com alto índice de acurácia para o diagnóstico diferencial entre lesões neoplásicas e não-neoplásicas, trata-se de equipamento especializado, de custos elevados, não disponível na grande maioria dos centros médicos. Diante dessa realidade, a colonoscopia convencional com cromoscopia vem adquirindo espaço, pois acredita-se que pode reproduzir grande parte das informações obtidas até então pela colonoscopia com magnificação de imagem. OBJETIVO: Determinar o papel da colonoscopia de alta resolução com cromoscopia no diagnóstico diferencial entre pólipos neoplásicos e não-neoplásicos através dos seguintes índices estatísticos: acurácia, sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo. PACIENTES E MÉTODO: Realizou-se estudo prospectivo, onde foram avaliadas 74 lesões polipóides colorretais em 54 pacientes. Foi utilizado o colonoscópio Olympus Exera CFQ 160L de alta resolução. Após identificadas, as lesões foram coradas com índigo carmim 0,2% e analisadas conforme classificação descrita por Kudo, por um único examinador. Após ressecados, os pólipos foram encaminhados para estudo anatomopatológico. RESULTADOS: Os achados endoscópicos foram comparados com os resultados histopatológicos. A acurácia do método foi de 79,7%, sensibilidade de 88,8%, especificidade de 55%, valor preditivo positivo de 84,2% e valor preditivo negativo de 64,7%. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que se deve ter cautela na aplicação clínica da colonoscopia de alta resolução com cromoscopia, pois lesões adenomatosas podem ser interpretadas como não-neoplásicas.

BACKGROUND: Magnifying colonoscopy brought the possibility of precise histologic diagnosis of colorectal lesions through their surface appearance. Despite the high accuracy of magnifying colonoscopy it is a specialized and expensive equipment not available in most medical centers. Due to these reasons the use of conventional colonoscopy with chromoscopy has been raised because this produce can reproduce most of the information previously obtained by magnifying colonoscopy. AIM: To determine the role of high resolution colonoscopy and indigo carmine chromoscopy for differential diagnosis between neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal lesions through measurements of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. PATIENTS / METHODS: It was performed a prospective study. Seventy-four colorectal polyps were evaluated in 54 patients. A high resolution Olympus Exera CFQ 160L colonoscope was used. After the identification of the lesions, they were dyed with indigo carmine 0,2% and classified according to Kudo's classification by a single observer. After resection, the polyps were submitted to histopathological examination. RESULTS: The endoscopic findings were compared to histopathologic results. The accuracy of the method was 79,7%, sensibility of 88,8%, specificity of 55%, positive predictive value of 84,2% and a negative predictive value of 64,7%. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that we must be careful to apply high resolution colonoscopy and chromoscopy because adenomatous lesions can be misdiagnosed as non-neoplastic.