RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar a deglutição das crianças com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus e comparar com crianças típicas. Método Estudo de delineamento transversal, com 45 crianças diagnosticadas com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus e 45 típicas. A deglutição foi avaliada por meio de avaliações clínicas da alimentação através do Protocolo de Avaliação Clínica da Disfagia Pediátrica e dos parâmetros acústicos da deglutição (sonar Doppler). Resultados A idade média das crianças com síndrome congênita do vírus Zika foi de 26,69 ± 4,46 meses e o perímetro cefálico médio foi de 29,20 ± 1,98 cm. Disfagia orofaríngea de moderada a grave foi observada em 32(71,1%) das crianças com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus, ao contrário do grupo comparação que não revelou alterações na deglutição. Nas crianças com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus foram verificados lábios entreabertos 42(93,3%) e tônus alterado em língua 35(77,8%) e bochechas 34(75,6%). Nas crianças do grupo comparação apenas 6(13,3%) apresentaram fechamento labial insuficiente e 1(2,2%) postura de língua inadequada. Alterações durante a deglutição com líquido e alimento pastoso não foram observadas no grupo comparação. Durante a oferta do alimento ocorreram dificuldades no movimento de sorver 14(77,8%), na captação da colher 35(75%), resíduo em cavidade oral 38(86,4%) e sinais clínicos indicativos de penetração/aspiração laringotraqueal como tosse, engasgo e respiração com esforço. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos parâmetros acústicos da avaliação instrumental. Conclusão as crianças com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus têm alterações nas fases oral e faríngea da deglutição, com sinais clínicos indicativos de penetração/aspiração laringotraqueal quando comparadas a crianças típicas.

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize swallowing in children with congenital Zika virus syndrome in comparison to typical children. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 45 children diagnosed with congenital Zika virus syndrome and 45 others with typical development. Swallowing was evaluated through clinical feeding evaluations Protocolo de Avaliação Clínica da Disfagia Pediátrica and using acoustic swallowing parameters (Doppler sonar). Results The mean age of children with congenital Zika virus syndrome was 26.69 ± 4.46 months and the mean head circumference was 29.20 ± 1.98 cm. Moderate/severe oropharyngeal dysphagia was found in 32(71.1%) of the children with congenital Zika virus syndrome. Significant differences were found between the groups on clinical evaluation: Children with congenital Zika virus syndrome presented insufficient lip closure 42(93.3%) and altered tonus of the tongue 35(77.8%) and cheeks 34(75.6%). In the children in the comparison group, only 6(13.3%) presented insufficient lip closure and 1(2.2%) had inadequate tongue posture. Changes during swallowing with liquid and spoonable food were not observed in the comparison group. When liquid/food was offered, affected children presented difficulties in sipping movements 14(77.8%) and lip/spoon contact 35(75%). The presence of residual food in the oral cavity after swallowing 38(86.4%) and clinical signs indicative of laryngotracheal penetration/aspiration, such as coughing, gagging and/or labored breathing, were also notable. No differences were found between the groups with regard to the acoustic parameters evaluated instrumentally. Conclusion Children with congenital Zika virus syndrome present alterations in the oral phase of swallowing, as well as clinical signs indicative of pharyngeal phase impairment.

Abstract This study aimed to determine the biometric characteristics of seeds of Tabebuia aurea and evaluate the effect of different periods of water immersion on the initial growth of seedlings. For this, the following dimensions were analyzed: length, width, and thickness of seeds with lateral wings and embryo. The moisture content, weight of a thousand seeds, and the number of seeds per kilogram were determined. The seeds were subjected to 11 treatments, as follow: control (no immersion in water; 0 hours) and periods of water immersion for 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60 hours, with four replications of 25 seeds in each treatment. The aerial part and seedling root lengths were analyzed 30 days after sowing. The water content was 9.81% and the weight of a thousand seeds was 130.260 g, corresponding to about 7,677 seeds/kg. The seeds with lateral wings had mean length, width, and thickness of 5.252, 1.226, and 0.147 cm, respectively. For the embryo, these dimensions corresponded to 1.355, 0.805, and 0.103 cm. Regarding the aerial part and root length of T. aurea seedlings, immersion for 48 hours is recommended because this treatment had the best results.

ABSTRACT Objective: We investigated the prevalence of adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) in a nonselected Brazilian population in chest computed tomography (CT) performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional observational study using chest CT reports from a tertiary in- and outpatient radiology clinic from March to September 2020. AIs were defined by changes in the shape, size, or density of the gland initially identified in the released report. Individuals with multiple studies were included, and duplicates were removed. Exams with positive findings were reviewed by a single radiologist. Results: A total of 10,329 chest CTs were reviewed, and after duplicate removal, 8,207 exams were included. The median age was 45 years [IQR 35-59 years], and 4,667 (56.8%) were female. Thirty-eight lesions were identified in 36 patients (prevalence 0.44%). A higher prevalence was observed with age, with 94.4% of the findings in patients aged 40 years and over (RR 9.98 IC 2.39-41.58, p 0.002), but there was no significant difference between the sexes. Seventeen lesions (44.7%) had more than 10 HU, and five lesions (12.1%) were more than 4 cm. Conclusions: The prevalence of AIs in an unselected and unreviewed population in a Brazilian clinic is low. The impact on the health system caused by AIs discovered during the pandemic should be small regarding the need for specialized follow-up.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association between neck circumference and anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters in chronic kidney failure patients on hemodialysis. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in Western Bahia. For the data collection, anthropometric measures were taken and clinical and biochemical data were gathered from the patient records and employing a structured questionnaire. A multiple linear regression was applied to evaluate the relationship between neck circumference and the anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters. Results: A total of 119 patients were evaluated, of which 63.03% were men and 57.98% were aged between 35 and 59 years old. The mean neck circumference of the patients was 36.2±3.8 cm. A negative association was found between neck circumference and the female sex (p<0.001), while waist circumference (p<0.001), the body adiposity index (p=0.002), and pre-dialysis serum urea concentration (p=0.006) were positively associated with neck circumference. Conclusion: Neck circumference is inversely associated with the female sex and positively associated with a high waist circumference, body adiposity index, and serum urea concentration in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre circunferência do pescoço e parâmetros antropométricos, clínicos e bioquímicos em pacientes renais crônico sem hemodiálise. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise no Oeste da Bahia. Para a coleta de dados foram aferidas medidas antropométricas e dados clínicos e bioquímicos foram coletados dos prontuários dos pacientes e por meio de um questionário estruturado. A análise de regressão linear múltipla foi aplicada para avaliar a relação entre a circunferência do pescoço e os parâmetros antropométricos, clínicos e bioquímicos. Resultados: Foram avaliados 119 pacientes, sendo 63,03% homens e 57,98% com idade entre 35 e 59 anos. A média da circunferência do pescoço dos pacientes foi de 36,2±3,8 cm. Foi encontrada associação negativa entre a circunferência do pescoço e sexo feminino (p<0,001), enquanto a circunferência da cintura (p<0,001), o índice de adiposidade corporal (p=0,002) e a concentração sérica de ureia pré-diálise (p=0,006) foram positivamente associados à circunferência do pescoço. Conclusão: A circunferência do pescoço está inversamente associada ao sexo feminino e positivamente associada a uma circunferência abdominal elevada, índice de adiposidade corporal e concentração sérica de ureia em pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise.

Abstract Eccrine poroma is the term that includes benign neoplasms of the terminal duct of the eccrine sweat glands, which may clinically and dermoscopically resemble other melanoma and non-melanoma skin tumors. They are often located on the extremities (especially palms and soles), presenting as normochromic or erythematous papules and nodules, measuring up to 2 cm. Pigmented variants are uncommon, accounting for less than 20% of cases. This report describes a 37-year-old man who developed a large pigmented eccrine poroma on his right shoulder, causing diagnostic difficulty. Histopathological examination revealed a nodular neoplasm consisting of small, monomorphic, cuboidal cells, with ample, eosinophilic cytoplasm and well-defined borders, in addition to conspicuous intercellular bridges, with melanin deposits diffusely distributed inside them. The absence of cytological atypia, cellular pleomorphism, increased mitotic activity, and necrosis foci corroborated the diagnostic exclusion of porocarcinoma, which can develop from eccrine poroma.

RESUMEN En las últimas décadas se han dado pasos importantes para implementar en la práctica los conceptos físicos de la Geodesia, en lo que respecta a los sistemas de altura. A pesar de las dificultades para modelar el campo de gravedad, con el establecimiento de convenciones, estándares y estrategias de cálculo, la realización del Sistema de Referencia Internacional de Alturas (IHRS) está muy avanzada. Para un sistema global, existen limitaciones para algunos países, especialmente para aquellos con datos de gravedad escasos, regiones montañosas y áreas extensas. En lo que respecta a metodología, el cómputo se puede realizar directamente utilizando los Modelos Geopotenciales Globales (MGG), recuperando los modelos de geoide existentes, o determinando puntualmente el potencial de gravedad, mediante fórmulas integrales. En general, el modelado regional del campo de gravedad es hecho por integración numérica o colocación de mínimos cuadrados y, más recientemente, adoptando las funciones de base radial esférica. La primera aproximación permite determinar el componente de gravedad de la Tierra en un punto específico y ajustar la fórmula integral de acuerdo con la cobertura de gravedad. Puesto que hasta el momento, no existe un sentido común sobre la mejor metodología, las estrategias de cálculo son analizadas. En este contexto, el documento tiene como objetivo contribuir con el IHRF, calculando el número geopotencial en el ámbito del IHRF, utilizando la integración numérica para resolver el problema geodésico de valor de frontera y un modelo cuasi-geoide reciente existente en cuatro estaciones en el estado de São Paulo, Brasil. La primera aproximación se realizó considerando dos casos: un radio de 210 km y 110 km de cobertura de datos gravimétricos y el Modelo Geopotencial Global GOCO05S truncado en 100 y 200, respectivamente. Los resultados entre soluciones han mostrado una diferencia máxima de 94 cm y una diferencia mínima de 10 cm.

ABSTRACT In recent decades, important steps have been taken to implement the physical concepts of Geodesy in practice, concerning height systems. Despite the difficulties involving gravity field modeling, with the establishment of conventions, standards, and computation strategies, the realization of the International Height Reference System (IHRS) is well underway. For a global system, there are constraints for some countries, especially for those with sparse gravity data, mountain regions, and vast areas. In terms of methodology, the computation can be performed directly using the Global Geopotential Models (GGM), recovering existing geoid models, or determining pointwise the gravity potential using integral formulas. In general, the regional gravity modeling is given by numerical integration or least-squares collocation and more recently adopting the spherical radial basis functions. The first approach allows determining the earth's gravity component at a specific point and adjusting the integral formula according to the gravity coverage. Since so far there is no common sense about the best methodology, computation strategies are been analyzed. In this context, the paper aims to contribute to IHRF, computing the geopotential number in the scope of IHRF, using numerical integration to solve the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem and an existing recent quasi-geoid model in four stations in São Paulo state, Brazil. The first approach was performed considering two cases: a radius of 210 km and 110 km of gravimetric data coverage and the Global Geopotential Model GOCO05S truncated at 100 and 200, respectively. The results between solutions have shown a maximum difference of 94 cm, and a minimum difference of 10 cm.

Abstract Basic information about growth rate and response to silvicultural treatments on potential native species are bottlenecks for the wide use of these species for forest production. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the silvicultural performance of four native species as a function of pruning intensity. The experimental design was completely randomized with ten replications and one plant per plot, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, four forest species, and four pruning intensities. At 30 and 42 months, height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) were evaluated, then the current annual increment (CAI) was calculated, as well as the mean annual increment (MAI) at 42 months. Guazuma ulmifolia showed higher growth in height and DBH compared to other species at both ages. The pruning resulted in a reduction of MAI in 0.15 cm. year-1 in DBH for every 25% of pruning intensity.

RESUMO Encontrar espécies florestais adaptadas a diversas condições edafoclimáticas, e que forneçam atributos favoráveis ao uso comercial é um desafio. A Azadirachta indica é uma espécie potencial para amenizar este problema. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o resgate vegetativo de diferentes árvores adultas de Azadirachta indica Juss por estaquia. Para tanto, indivíduos de Azadirachta indica foram selecionados aleatoriamente em um plantio da espécie com 10 anos de implantação e realizada a decepa à altura de 30 cm. Em sequência, verificamos: a capacidade de rebrota das cepas (coletas e medições do comprimento das brotações aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias), a necessidade de usar auxina exógena para indução do enraizamento (testando 0 (controle), 2000, 4000 e 6000 mg.l-1 de AIB), o tamanho ideal do propágulo (propágulos com 8 cm e 13 cm de altura) e a dinâmica de enraizamento (cada sete dias, em um período de 35 dias, os propágulos foram avaliados quanto a: formação de calos, oxidação e enraizamento). A espécie demostrou alta capacidade de rebrota, bem como facilidade de enraizamento com ou sem a utilização de AIB; verificou-se que o tamanho ideal para o propágulo é 13 cm e que o processo de enraizamento e alongamento das raízes se completa após 35 dias do estaqueamento. Concluímos que o uso da estaquia para o resgate vegetativo da espécie é interessante, recomendamos que 13cm é adequado para o tamanho do propágulo e o auxílio do AIB na dose de 2.000 mg L-1 é ideal para uniformizar o enraizamento.

ABSTRACT Finding forest species adapted to different soil and climatic conditions and, that provide favorable attributes to commercial use is a challenge. Azadirachta indica is a potential species to attend to this goal. Thus, this paper aims to carry out the vegetative rescue of different Azadirachta indica Juss adult trees by cuttings. For that, Azadirachta indica individuals were randomly selected in a plantation of species set ten years ago and the cut was carried out at 30 cm in height. In sequence, verification was carried out on: (a) the stem cut ability to regrowth (collections and measurements of the shoot length on the 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th days); (b) the need to use exogenous auxin for rooting induction [testing 0 (control), 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg.l-1 of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)]; (c) the ideal of the propagule size (with 8 cm and 13 cm in height); and (c) the rooting dynamics (every seven days for thirty-five days; the propagules were evaluated for callus formation, oxidation, and rooting). The species showed high regrowth ability, as well as easy rooting with or without the use of IBA; it was found that the ideal size for the propagule is 13 cm and that the process of rooting and root elongation is completed after thirty-five days of staking. The conclusion is: (a) using cuttings for the species vegetative rescue is interesting; (b) 13 cm is considered appropriate for the propagule size, and; (c) the aid of IBA at a dose of 2,000 mg L-1 is ideal to standardize rooting.

Abstract Objective: To estimate the accuracy of neck circumference measurement as a method of diagnosing excess weight of six and seven-year-old children. Methods: 1026 six and seven-year-old children were included and anthropometric data were collected using cut-off points for the Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-score, in addition to the measurement of their neck circumference in centimeters. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between neck circumference and BMI. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was used to measure the accuracy of neck circumference as a diagnostic method for excess weight. Results: A positive linear correlation value was observed between neck circumference and BMI 0.572 (p < 0.001). The accuracy value of the global ROC curve was 0.772 (p < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity showed low values, but high positive predictive values were observed, especially between measures of 30 and 31 cm. Conclusion: Neck circumference showed accuracy of 77.2% as a diagnostic method for overweightness in six and seven-year-old children.

RESUMO Fundamento: Medir o controlo da doença alérgica é fundamental na avaliação dos resultados da imunoterapia com alergénios (ITA). Objetivo: Descrever o controlo da doença alérgica (asma, rinite, conjuntivite) em doentes sob ITA subcutânea (ITSC). Métodos: Estudo descritivo, incluindo todos os indivíduos com >12 anos sob ITSC entre 03/2017 e 06/2019 nas unidades de Imunoalergologia da CUF‑Porto que responderam a ≥1 questionário de avaliação prévia à administração de ITSC em uso nas unidades; analisou‑se apenas o questionário mais recente de cada indivíduo. O questionário incluiu uma escala visual analógica (EVA) de sintomas oculares (0, mínimo, a 10 cm, máximo) e o CARAT. O controlo da asma e rinite foi definido como CARAT total (CARATT)>24; o controlo das vias aéreas superiores (VAS) e inferiores (VAI) baseou‑se nas pontuações parciais (CARATVAS>8 e CARATVAI≥16, respetivamente). Resultados: Incluiram‑se 209 indivíduos, 96 (46%) do sexo feminino e 62 (30%) com <18 anos. Todos tinham rinite e 32% (n=67) tinham asma. 34% estavam no primeiro ano da ITSC e 40% no terceiro ou mais. A pontuação média (desvio-padrão) do CARATT foi de 24,6(4,2), com 57% (n=119) dos indivíduos controlados. 75% (n=50) dos doentes com asma apresentavam controlo das VAI, mas apenas 47% (n=98) tinham a rinite controlada. As pontuações do CARATT e CARATVAS não se correlacionaram significativamente com a duração da ITSC (r=0,082 e - 0,011, respetivamente). A pontuação do CARATVAI apresentou uma correlação significativa positiva com a duração do tratamento (r=0,203). A pontuação mediana (intervalo interquartil) da EVA de sintomas oculares foi de 0,3(0,8) cm; 79% tiveram pontuação <1 cm. Conclusões: Cerca de 60% dos doentes apresentaram controlo da doença alérgica respiratória, mas apenas 47% tinham a rinite controlada. Apesar da proporção de controlo ser superior às publicadas na literatura para doentes alérgicos, são necessários outros estudos de vida real para reforçar a evidência de efetividade da imunoterapia com alergénios.

ABSTRACT Background: Measuring the control of allergic diseases is crucial to assess the outcomes of subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT). Objective: To describe the control of allergic diseases (asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis) in patients treated with SCIT. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out of all patients aged >12 years under SCIT between March 2017 and June 2019 at the allergy units of CUF‑Porto and who answered ≥1 evaluation questionnaire prior to SCIT administration (the most recent assessment of each individual was analysed). The questionnaire included CARAT and a visual analogue scale (VAS) for eye symptoms (from 0 - minimum - to 10 cm - maximum). Control of asthma and rhinitis was defined as CARAT total (T) score>24; the control of upper (U) and lower (L) airways was based on CARAT sub‑scores (CARAT U >8 and CARAT L ≥16, respectively). Results: We included 209 patients, 96 (46%) female and 62 (30%) aged <18 years. All patients had rhinitis and 32% (n=67) had asthma. 34% of patients were in the first year of SCIT and 40% were in the third or more. CARAT mean score (standard deviation) was 24.6(4.2), with 57% (n=119) controlled patients. 75% (n=50) of those with asthma had controlled lower airways symptoms but only 47% (n=98) had controlled upper airways symptoms. CARAT T and CARAT U scores were not significantly correlated with the duration of SCIT (r=0.082 and - 0.011, respectively), however, CARAT L presented a positive correlation (r=0.203). The median score (interquartile range) for ocular symptoms VAS was 0.3(0.8) cm; 79% of patients scored <1 cm. Conclusion: Almost 60% of the patients assessed by CARAT showed control of respiratory allergic disease, but only 47% had controlled rhinitis. Although we observed a higher proportion of controlled patients than published in other settings, further real‑life studies are needed to strengthen evidence of SCIT effectiveness.

RESUMO O crescimento da suinocultura no Brasil tem aumentado a produção e consequente aplicação de dejetos suínos nos solos. Além de fornecer nutrientes, a aplicação continuada desse resíduo geralmente aumenta o teor de carbono orgânico. Objetivou-se neste estudo determinar o teor de carbono orgânico e sua distribuição nas frações de substâncias húmicas (ácidos húmicos, ácidos fúlvicos e huminas) num Oxisol, após 15 anos de aplicações de dejeto líquido suíno. O experimento foi implantado em 2001 cultivado com a sucessão milho-aveia sob plantio direto no município de Campos Novos, SC. Os tratamentos foram: dejeto líquido suíno nas doses 0 (Testemunha), 25, 50, 100 e 200 m3 ha-1 ano-1; adubo mineral, e dejeto líquido suíno complementado com adubo mineral, aplicados superficialmente uma vez ao ano. Foram determinados os teores de carbono orgânico nas frações ácidos húmicos, ácidos fúlvicos e humina e índice de cor da razão E4/E6 do solo nas camadas de 0-2,5; 2,5-5; 5-10; 10-20; 20-40 e 40-60 cm. O aumento das doses de dejeto líquido suíno até 100 m3 ha-1 aumentou o teor de carbono orgânico total na camada de 5-10 cm, entretanto, diminuiu a proporção das frações de ácidos fúlvicos e ácidos húmicos no solo, favorecendo a acumulação de carbono orgânico na fração humina. A razão E4/E6 foi maior no adubo mineral em comparação aos tratamentos com dejeto líquido suíno.

ABSTRACT The growth of swine production in Brazil has increased the amount of production and use of pig slurry (PS) as soil fertilizer. This product provides nutrients to plants, and a continuous application of this residue usually increases total soil organic carbon (SOC) content. The objective of this study was to determine the SOC content and its distribution into humic substance fractions (humic acids, fulvic acids, and humin) in an Oxisol annually fertilized with PS for 15 years. The experiment was implemented in 2001 with a maize and oat crop rotation under no-tillage system in Campos Novos, SC, Brazil. The treatments used were: PS at rates of 0 (Control), 25, 50, 100, and 200 m3 ha-1 year-1, mineral fertilizer, and PS combined with mineral fertilizer, applied on the soil surface once a year. The 0-2.5, 2.5-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm soil layers were evaluated for SOC content in the fractions humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin, and E4/E6 ratio of humic substances. Increases in PS rates up to 100 m3 ha-1 increased the SOC content in the 5-10 cm soil layer; however, decreased the proportion of the soil fulvic acid and humic acid fractions, favoring the accumulation of organic carbon in the humin fraction. The E4/E6 ratio was higher when using the soil mineral fertilizer than that found in treatments with PS.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se analisar as alterações demográficas e biométricas dos animais registrados da raça Mangalarga, ao longo das décadas. Foram utilizadas informações de 206.428 equinos Mangalarga, extraídas do sistema de registro genealógico da Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos da Raça Mangalarga. Dos animais nascidos entre 1930 e 2018, foram consideradas informações referentes ao sexo, data de nascimento, pelagem, localização do criatório, pontuação obtida no ato do registro genealógico e três medidas corporais dos equinos. Utilizando a medida de altura à cernelha e os perímetros torácico e de canela foram calculados cinco índices morfométricos. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, utilizando delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas compostas pelos sexos e as subparcelas constituídas pelas décadas de seleção. Entre 1930 e 1990 houve aumento progressivo na emissão de registros genealógicos, com destaque para as décadas de 70 e 80, quando se registrou maior taxa de crescimento do rebanho. Em 2018 identificou-se criatórios da raça Mangalarga em 23 estados brasileiros, sendo o Estado de São Paulo detentor do maior rebanho, seguido de Minas Gerais e Bahia. Entre 1970 e 2018 registrou-se aumento na altura à cernelha das fêmeas, garanhões e machos castrados, que se tornaram 5,1 cm, 3,1 cm e 2,1 cm mais altos, respectivamente. Enquanto o perímetro torácico dos garanhões aumentou 3,3 cm, o perímetro de canela das fêmeas reduziu 0,34 cm. Concluiu-se que a raça Mangalarga está distribuída por todo o Brasil, com destaque para a região sudeste. Independente do sexo, a seleção aplicada à raça tornou os equinos Mangalarga mais altos. Além disso, os garanhões ficaram mais pesados e com maior perímetro torácico e as fêmeas tornaram-se hipométricas.

ABSTRACT: This study analyzed the demographic and biometric changes in registered animals of the Mangalarga breed over the decades. Information from 206,428 Mangalarga horses born between 1930 and 2018 extracted from the genealogic registry system of the Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos da Raça Mangalarga was employed. The data referred to sex, birth date, fur coat, breeding site location, score achieved at genealogic registration, and three body measurements. Height at withers and the thoracic and cannon bone circumferences were used to calculate five morphometric indices. Results were submitted to analysis of variance using a completely randomized split-plot design where the plots comprised the sexes and the split-plots comprised the decades of selection. Between 1930 and 1990, genealogic registrations progressively increased, particularly in the 1970s and 80s, when the herd experienced the highest growth rate. In 2018, Mangalarga breeding sites were reported in 23 Brazilian states and the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Bahia held the largest herds. Between 1970 and 2018, the height at withers of mares, stallions, and geldings increased by 5.1, 3.1, and 2.1 cm, respectively. The thoracic circumference of stallions increased by 3.3 cm and the cannon bone circumference of mares decreased by 0.34 cm. It is concluded that the Mangalarga breed is found across Brazil, especially in the Southeast region. Irrespective of sex, the selection of the breed has led to taller Mangalarga horses. In addition, the stallions became heavier and gained thoracic circumference, while mares became hypometric.

Introdução: A ruptura hemorrágica de um quisto hepático é rara. Até à data, foram descritos poucos casos na literatura. Relato de caso: Uma doente com antecedentes de um provável quisto hidático hepático recorreu ao serviço de urgência por dor abdominal e febre. Foi internada com o diagnóstico presumível de colecistite aguda. Durante o internamento, a doente iniciou um quadro de instabilidade hemodinâmica e agravamento súbito da dor abdominal. A angio-TC abdominal revelou um volumoso derrame peritoneal livre e uma aparente efração da parede anterior de um quisto hepático com 16 cm. A doente foi submetida a uma laparotomia exploradora, excisão da cúpula saliente do quisto e lavagem peritoneal. O exame anatomopatológico foi concordante com um quisto hepático simples. Discussão: A ruptura hemorrágica de quistos hepáticos simples é uma complicação com risco de mortalidade, e, embora rara, deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial de abdómen agudo em doentes com história de quistos hepáticos simples.

Background: Hemorrhagic rupture of a hepatic cyst is rare. To date, very few cases have been reported in the literature. Case Report: A patient with a history of a suspected liver hydatid cyst presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and fever. She was admitted with the presumptive diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. During hospitalization, the patient presented with hemodynamic instability and abrupt worsening of the abdominal pain. The abdominal angio- chemotherapy scan showed an abundant free peritoneal effusion and an apparent effacement of the anterior wall of a hepatic cyst of 16 cm. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy, deroofing of the cyst, and peritoneal lavage. The anatomopathological results showed a simple hepatic cyst. Discussion: Hemorrhagic rupture of simple hepatic cysts is a life-threatening complication and, although rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of sudden abdominal pain in patients with a history of simple hepatic cysts.

ABSTRACT In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of cutting height (25 or 40 cm above ground) and bacterial inoculation (a combined inoculant of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici) on the chemical and microbial compositions, fermentative profile, and aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage and nitrogen balance, intake, and apparent nutrient digestibility by sheep. To evaluate silage characteristics and sheep metabolism, we performed analyses based on a completely randomized block design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement (two cutting heights, with or without bacterial inoculant). We evaluated the chemical and microbial compositions, pH, fermentation end-products, and aerobic stability of silage. To examine nutrient digestibility of silage, we used 24 male sheep over a 21-day period. We found that the aerobic stability did not differ among the silages. Sheep fed silages produced from corn harvested at 40 cm had increased intakes of crude protein, non-fiber carbohydrate, and total digestible nutrients, whereas the non-fiber carbohydrate intake of inoculated corn silages was found to be higher than that of uninoculated silage. Furthermore, the amounts of nitrogen retained by sheep fed silage produced from corn harvested at 40 cm were higher than those of sheep fed silage produced from corn harvested at 25 cm. Collectively, our findings indicate that, despite the observed effects, a difference of 15 cm in cutting height results in relatively small changes in the chemical composition of corn silage and a limited effect on the nutrient intake and nitrogen balance of animals fed this silage. Moreover, although bacterial inoculation promotes an efficient fermentation, it has no marked effects on the aerobic stability of silage.

Resumo Na erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) o principal produto colhido é composto por folhas (FO) e galhos finos (GF), resultando em elevada exportação de nutrientes, dentre eles o N. As informações técnico-científicas disponíveis para subsidiar uma recomendação da adubação nitrogenada racional são insuficientes, o que põe em risco a sustentabilidade da produção, especialmente se as colheitas são mais intensivas. Por isso, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da adubação nitrogenada e do intervalo de colheita no teor de N e carbono orgânico (CO) do solo, na produtividade e no estado nutricional da erva-mate. O experimento foi instalado em São Mateus do Sul - PR, em erval com sete anos e meio de idade, estabelecido em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, no qual se avaliaram doses de 0, 20, 40, 80, 160 e 320 kg ha-1 de N, para intervalos de colheita de 12, 18 e 24 meses. Os teores de N e CO do solo, nas formas lábil (NL e COL) e total (NT e COT), foram determinados nas profundidades de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm. A colheita consistiu na remoção de aproximadamente 95 % da copa que brotou da colheita anterior. A massa verde colhida foi determinada individualmente para os componentes FO, GF e galho grosso (GG), sendo FO+GF correspondente à erva-mate comercial (ECOM). Avaliou-se, também, a relação entre massa verde/seca (MV/MS) e o teor de N na FO, GF e GG. O efeito positivo da adubação nitrogenada no teor de NL e COL do solo foi mais expressivo no menor intervalo de colheita e negativo ou nulo para o intervalo de 24 meses. As doses de N aumentaram o teor de NT nos maiores intervalos de colheita e reduziram para colheita de 12 meses e o COT não foi influenciado pela adubação. Houve aumento da produtividade com as doses de N, e as respostas mais expressivas ocorreram nos maiores intervalos entre colheitas. Intervalo de 12 meses entre colheitas é insuficiente para a planta recuperar-se do impacto causado pela colheita. O intervalo de 18 meses é o mais recomendável, desde que a planta esteja bem nutrida em N. A adubação nitrogenada não influencia o teor de água na erva-mate comercial verde, sendo esta dependente do intervalo de tempo entre colheitas. Teor foliar de N entre 33,0 e 37,0 g kg-1 pode indicar plantas bem nutridas, independentemente do intervalo de colheita.

Abstact Leaves (FO) and thin branches (GF) are the main plant components harvested from Ilex paraguariensis (mate) plantations, leading to high exportation of nutrients, among them, the nitrogen (N). Scientific and technical information are scarce to support fertilizer recommendation aiming to replenish N exportation and to sustain mate productivity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of N fertilization and harvest intervals on N and organic carbon (CO) content in the soil and on mate productivity and N content. The experiment was conducted in São Mateus do Sul, Paraná state, Brazil, in a seven-year old mate plantation established on an Oxisol, where we evaluated the effect of 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 kg ha-1 of N, for harvest intervals of 12, 18, and 24 months. Nitrogen (NL) and CO (COL) in the labile and total (NT and COT) forms were determined in the soil at depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm. Harvest consisted in the removal of 95 % of the tree crown sprouted from the previous harvesting. The green material collected was evaluated individually for the components FO, GF and thick branches (GG), being FO+GF the commercial mate product (ECOM). We also evaluated the plant component relationships between green/dry weights (MV/MS), as well as the contents of N in FO, GF and GG. The positive effect of N fertilization on NL and COL contents in the soil was more expressive for the shortest harvesting interval, and was negative or null for the 24-month interval. Nitrogen doses increased the content of NT in the largest harvest interval and reduced the yield for 12 months; COT was not influenced by fertilization. We observed increased productivity with N doses, and the most significant responses occurred in longer harvest intervals. The interval of 12 months between harvests is insufficient for the plant recovery from the previous harvesting impacts. The 18-month interval is more recommendable because the plant is well nourished in N. Nitrogen does not affect the water content of the commercial green yerba mate, which is more affected by the time between harvests. The leaf N content between 33.0 and 37.0 g kg-1 may indicate well-nourished plants, regardless the harvest interval.