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Abstract Tityus serrulatus scorpion is responsible for a significant number of envenomings in Brazil, ranging from mild to severe, and in some cases, leading to fatalities. While supportive care is the primary treatment modality, moderate and severe cases require antivenom administration despite potential limitations and adverse effects. The remarkable proliferation of T. serrulatus scorpions, attributed to their biology and asexual reproduction, contributes to a high incidence of envenomation. T. serrulatus scorpion venom predominantly consists of short proteins acting as neurotoxins (α and β), that primarily target ion channels. Nevertheless, high molecular weight compounds, including metalloproteases, serine proteases, phospholipases, and hyaluronidases, are also present in the venom. These compounds play a crucial role in envenomation, influencing the severity of symptoms and the spread of venom. This review endeavors to comprehensively understand the T. serrulatus scorpion venom by elucidating the primary high molecular weight compounds and exploring their potential contributions to envenomation. Understanding these compounds' mechanisms of action can aid in developing more effective treatments and prevention strategies, ultimately mitigating the impact of scorpion envenomation on public health in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2023-0046

Casuistry of xenarthrans treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pará, Brazilian Amazon
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Almeida, Débora V.C.

; Magalhães-Matos, Paulo C.

; Soares, Airton R.B.

; Lopes, Cinthia T.A.

; Domingues, Sheyla F.S.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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2023, Volumen 43 elocation e07058

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to analyze the casuistry of xenarthrans treated at the veterinary hospital of the Federal University of Pará to quantify the most important cases for clinical care and identify the main species, sex, age group, origin, and destination of the animals admitted. The data were collected from January 2013 to August 2020. The variables analyzed were the number of animals by species, sex, age group, weight (kilograms), form of admission (rescue or guardianship), person responsible for the admission of the animal, origin, circumstances of admission, length of stay (days), and evolution or destination of the animal (release, captivity, death, euthanasia, or escape). Fisher’s exact test was used to determine whether disease incidence was related to sex and whether animal mortality was influenced by sex and disease. The chi-square test was used to determine whether mortality differed by age group. Ninety-two (92) xenarthrans were included: 66 Bradypus variegatus, 10 Choloepus didactylus, 15 Tamandua tetradactyla, and one Dasypus novemcinctus. The animals were mainly from the municipality of Castanhal (70%) and were acquired through rescue (88%, B. variegatus; 80%, C. didactylus; 100%, T. tetradactyla), a significant proportion of which was per natural persons (88%, B. variegatus; 80%, C. didactylus; 100%, T. tetradactyla). The most important circumstances that led to the admission of the animals were as follows: animals for examination (42%, n=39), young animals at risk (9%, n=8), hit by a vehicle (8%, n=7), respiratory disease (7%, n=6), fall from a tree (5%, n=5), and electrotrauma (5%, n=5). Release was the most common destination of animals after hospitalization (59% B. variegatus, 50% C. didactylus, and 66% T. tetradactyla). The sex of the animals did not affect the incidence of disease or mortality in any species. In contrast, mortality of B. variegatus was significantly higher in animals admitted with disease (p=0.000). Mortality in cubs of this species was higher than that in juveniles and adults (p=0.003).

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a casuística dos Xenarthras atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), a fim de quantificar as principais ocorrências para atendimento clínico, identificar as principais espécies, o sexo, a faixa etária, a procedência e destinação dos animais recebidos. Os dados foram obtidos entre janeiro de 2013 a agosto de 2020. As variáveis analisadas foram número de animais por espécie, sexo, faixa etária, peso (quilogramas), forma de recebimento (resgate, tutela), responsável pelo encaminhamento do animal ao hospital, procedência, circunstância de admissão, tempo de internação (dias) e evolução ou destinação do animal recebido (soltura, cativeiro, morte, eutanásia, fuga). O teste de Fisher foi utilizado para avaliar se a ocorrência de doenças estava relacionada ao sexo, bem como se a mortalidade animal foi influenciada pelo sexo e por enfermidades. O teste Qui-quadrado foi utilizado para avaliar se a mortalidade diferiu em relação à faixa etária. Um total de 92 animais Xenarthras foi admitido, composto por 66 Bradypus variegatus, 10 Choloepus didactylus, 15 Tamandua tetradactyla e um Dasypus novemcinctus. Os animais foram procedentes principalmente do município de Castanhal (70%), sendo o resgate a principal forma de aquisição dos animais (88%, B. Variegatus; 80%, C. Didactylus; 100%, T. tetradactyla), realizado em maior parte por pessoa física (88%, B. Variegatus; 80%, C. Didactylus; 100%, T. tetradactyla). O sexo dos animais não influenciou a ocorrência de doenças ou mortalidade em nenhuma espécie. Por outro lado, a mortalidade de B. variegatus foi significativamente maior naqueles animais admitidos com alguma enfermidade (p=0,000). A mortalidade em filhotes desta espécie foi maior quando comparada com as categorias jovem e adulta (p=0,003).

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7058

RGB-LED-PHOTOMETER AND THE DIGITAL IMAGE-BASED METHOD USING A SMARTPHONE FOR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS TEACHING
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Santos, Vagner B. dos

; Oliveira, Wevylla M. S. de

; Almeida, João Paulo B. de

; Foguel, Marcos V.

; Suarez, Willian T.

; Oliveira, Josiane L. de

Química Nova

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2023, Volumen 46 Nº 9 Paginas 924 - 930

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This work describes the analysis of molecular spectroscopy in the UV/Vis region, as well as the study of transmittance, absorption, and reflectance phenomena in an undergraduate class using an LED (light emitting diodes)-photometer and digital image-based (DIB) method using a smartphone to compare with a benchtop spectrophotometer and literature data employing paired T-test for 95% confidence. The novelties of this work are focused on the use of simple, low-cost, and portable analytical instrumentation, based on an RGB-LED photometer and DIB using a smartphone, for teaching Chemistry to undergraduate classes. Moreover, discussions were held on concepts related to the Beer-Lambert law, spectroscopy, pH, equilibrium shift, and calculation for determining the equilibrium constant and pKa of bromothymol blue, which was used as proof of concept. The advantages are the use of low-cost instrumentation for teaching Chemistry, students’ access to concepts, such as radiation source, photodetector, transmittance calculation from analog data, regulation of the power of the light emitted by the LED, and details to understand the interaction between matter and light were described by undergraduate students in Physics and Chemistry throughout the course of Experiments in Thermodynamic and Chemical Equilibrium. The better understanding of theoretical concepts and the possibility of taking the RGB-LED-photometer and DIB instrumentation to schools, exhibitions, science fairs, and Chemistry teaching meetings were pointed out by students as the main advantages of the instrumentation and methods described.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230065

Cross preferences and genetic diversity of Psidium interspecific hybrids through morphoagronomic traits and resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobii
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ALMEIDA, ODIMAR F. DE

; VIANA, ALEXANDRE P.

; GOMES, VICENTE M.

; SOUZA, RICARDO M. DE

; SANTOS, PAULO RICARDO DOS

; AMARAL JÚNIOR, ANTÔNIO T. DO

; RODRIGUES, DANIELE L.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volumen 95 Nº 4 elocation e20190120

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The introgression of M. enterolobii resistance-related genes in guava breeding programs can be compromised by incompatibility among Psidium species. This study aimed to evaluate the female parent preference and genetic diversity of Psidium interspecific hybrids using morphoagronomic traits and resistance to M. enterolobii. There were evaluated cross successes and germination from crosses between accesses of P. cattleyanum, P. guineense and P. guajava and the genetic diversity by Ward-MLM method of hybrids according to descriptors developed for the genus. Crosses were more successful when P. cattleyanum was the female parent. Germination was more successful in crosses involving P. cattleyanum and P. guajava. Four groups were formed. The group IV clustered the most resistant genotypes, composed by genotypes of P. cattleyanum x P. guineense, while the group II was the most susceptible. The groups I and III grouped some genotypes of P. cattleyanum x P. guajava with low levels of susceptibility. There are preferences of female parent species among crosses. Some individuals of groups I and III can be used as source of resistance genes for the breeding program, due the presence of favorable alleles inherited from guava parent. The high susceptibility leads to reduction in root development. M resistancerelated related P WardMLM Ward MLM genus formed susceptible program development

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320190120

[SciELO Preprints] - Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology on Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy
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Marin-Neto, José Antonio Rassi Jr., Anis Moraes Oliveira, Gláucia M. Lemos Correia, Luís Claudio Novaes Ramos Jr., Alberto Hasslocher-Moreno, Alejandro Marcel Luquetti Ostermayer, Alejandro Sousa, Andréa Silvestre de Amato Vincenzo de Paola, Angelo Sobral de Sousa, Antonio Carlos Pinho Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz Correia Filho, Dalmo Moraes de Souza, Dilma do Socorro Cunha-Neto, Edecio J. A. Ramires, Felix Bacal, Fernando Pereira Nunes, Maria do Carmo Martinelli Filho, Martino Ibrahim Scanavacca, Maurício Magalhães Saraiva, Roberto Alves de Oliveira Júnior, Wilson M. Lorga-Filho, Adalberto de Jesus Benevides de Almeida Guimarães, Adriana Lopes Latado Braga, Adriana Sarmento de Oliveira, Adriana V. L. Sarabanda, Alvaro Yecê das Neves Pinto, Ana Assis Lopes do Carmo, André Schmidt, André Costa, Andréa Rodrigues da Ianni, Barbara Maria Markman Filho, Brivaldo Eduardo Rochitte, Carlos Thé Macedo, Carolina Mady, Charles Chevillard, Christophe Bittencourt das Virgens, Cláudio Marcelo Nery de Castro, Cleudson De Paoli de Carvalho Britto, Constança Felícia Pisani, Cristiano do Carmo Rassi, Daniela C. Sobral Filho, Dario Rodrigues Almeida, Dirceu A. Bocchi, Edimar T. Mesquita, Evandro de Souza Nogueira Sardinha Mendes, Fernanda Pereira, Francisca Tatiana Sperandio da Silva, Gilberto Marcelo de Lima Peixoto, Giselle Glotz de Lima, Gustavo H. Veloso, Henrique Turin Moreira, Henrique Bellotti Lopes, Hugo Masciarelli Francisco Pinto, Ibraim Pinto Dias, João Carlos Bemfica, João Marcos Silva-Nunes, João Paulo Soares Barreto-Filho, José Augusto Kerr Saraiva, José Francisco Lannes-Vieira, Joseli Menezes Oliveira, Joselina Luzia V. Armaganijan, Luciana Martins, Luiz Cláudio C. Sangenis, Luiz Henrique Barbosa, Marco Paulo Almeida-Santos, Marcos Antônio Simões, Marcos Vinicius Shikanai-Yasuda, Maria Aparecida Vieira Moreira, Maria da Consolação Higuchi, Maria de Lourdes Costa Monteiro, Maria Rita de Cássia Felix Mediano, Mauro Felippe Maia Lima, Mayara T. Oliveira, Maykon Moreira Dias Romano , Minna Nitz, Nadjar de Tarso Jorge Medeiros, Paulo Vieira Alves, Renato Alkmim Teixeira, Ricardo Coury Pedrosa, Roberto Aras, Roque Morais Torres, Rosália dos Santos Povoa, Rui Manoel Rassi, Sérgio Gabriel Salles Xavier, Sérgio Marinho Martins Alves , Silvia B. N. Tavares, Suelene Lima Palmeira, Swamy da Silva Junior, Telêmaco Luiz da Rocha Rodrigues, Thiago Madrini Junior, Vagner Maia da Costa , Veruska Dutra, Walderez

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Fecha de publicación: 2022-10-11

Resumen: En Pt

This guideline aimed to update the concepts and formulate the standards of conduct and scientific evidence that support them, regarding the diagnosis and treatment of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, with special emphasis on the rationality base that supported it.nbsp; Chagas disease in the 21st century maintains an epidemiological pattern of endemicity in 21 Latin American countries. Researchers and managers from endemic and non-endemic countries point to the need to adopt comprehensive public health policies to effectively control the interhuman transmission of T. cruzi infection, and to obtain an optimized level of care for already infected individuals, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic opportunistic opportunities. nbsp; Pathogenic and pathophysiological mechanisms of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease were revisited after in-depth updating and the notion that necrosis and fibrosis are stimulated by tissue parasitic persistence and adverse immune reaction, as fundamental mechanisms, assisted by autonomic and microvascular disorders, was well established. Some of them have recently formed potential targets of therapies.nbsp; The natural history of the acute and chronic phases was reviewed, with enhancement for oral transmission, indeterminate form and chronic syndromes. Recent meta-analyses of observational studies have estimated the risk of evolution from acute and indeterminate forms and mortality after chronic cardiomyopathy. Therapeutic approaches applicable to individuals with Indeterminate form of Chagas disease were specifically addressed. All methods to detect structural and/or functional alterations with various cardiac imaging techniques were also reviewed, with recommendations for use in various clinical scenarios. Mortality risk stratification based on the Rassi score, with recent studies of its application, was complemented by methods that detect myocardial fibrosis.nbsp; The current methodology for etiological diagnosis and the consequent implications of trypanonomic treatment deserved a comprehensive and in-depth approach. Also the treatment of patients at risk or with heart failure, arrhythmias and thromboembolic events, based on pharmacological and complementary resources, received special attention. Additional chapters supported the conducts applicable to several special contexts, including t. cruzi/HIV co-infection, risk during surgeries, in pregnant women, in the reactivation of infection after heart transplantation, and others.nbsp; nbsp;nbsp; Finally, two chapters of great social significance, addressing the structuring of specialized services to care for individuals with the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, and reviewing the concepts of severe heart disease and its medical-labor implications completed this guideline.

Esta diretriz teve como objetivo principal atualizar os conceitos e formular as normas de conduta e evidências científicas que as suportam, quanto ao diagnóstico e tratamento da CDC, com especial ênfase na base de racionalidade que a embasou. A DC no século XXI mantém padrão epidemiológico de endemicidade em 21 países da América Latina. Investigadores e gestores de países endêmicos e não endêmicos indigitam a necessidade de se adotarem políticas abrangentes, de saúde pública, para controle eficaz da transmissão inter-humanos da infecção pelo T. cruzi, e obter-se nível otimizado de atendimento aos indivíduos já infectados, com foco em oportunização diagnóstica e terapêutica. Mecanismos patogênicos e fisiopatológicos da CDC foram revisitados após atualização aprofundada e ficou bem consolidada a noção de que necrose e fibrose sejam estimuladas pela persistência parasitária tissular e reação imune adversa, como mecanismos fundamentais, coadjuvados por distúrbios autonômicos e microvasculares. Alguns deles recentemente constituíram alvos potenciais de terapêuticas. A história natural das fases aguda e crônica foi revista, com realce para a transmissão oral, a forma indeterminada e as síndromes crônicas. Metanálises recentes de estudos observacionais estimaram o risco de evolução a partir das formas aguda e indeterminada e de mortalidade após instalação da cardiomiopatia crônica. Condutas terapêuticas aplicáveis aos indivíduos com a FIDC foram abordadas especificamente. Todos os métodos para detectar alterações estruturais e/ou funcionais com variadas técnicas de imageamento cardíaco também foram revisados, com recomendações de uso nos vários cenários clínicos. Estratificação de risco de mortalidade fundamentada no escore de Rassi, com estudos recentes de sua aplicação, foi complementada por métodos que detectam fibrose miocárdica. A metodologia atual para diagnóstico etiológico e as consequentes implicações do tratamento tripanossomicida mereceram enfoque abrangente e aprofundado. Também o tratamento de pacientes em risco ou com insuficiência cardíaca, arritmias e eventos tromboembólicos, baseado em recursos farmacológicos e complementares, recebeu especial atenção. Capítulos suplementares subsidiaram as condutas aplicáveis a diversos contextos especiais, entre eles o da co-infecção por T. cruzi/HIV, risco durante cirurgias, em grávidas, na reativação da infecção após transplante cardíacos, e outros.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Por fim, dois capítulos de grande significado social, abordando a estruturação de serviços especializados para atendimento aos indivíduos com a CDC, e revisando os conceitos de cardiopatia grave e suas implicações médico-trabalhistas completaram esta diretriz.nbsp;

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.4820

Aumento de Captação Cardíaca de 18F-FDG Induzida por Quimioterapia em Pacientes com Linfoma: Um Marcador Precoce de Cardiotoxicidade?
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Dourado, Mayara L. C.

; Dompieri, Luca T.

; Leitão, Glauber M.

; Mourato, Felipe A.

; Santos, Renata G. G.

; Almeida Filho, Paulo J

; Markman Filho, Brivaldo

; Melo, Marcelo D. T.

; Brandão, Simone C. S.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Jun 2022, Volumen 118 Nº 6 Paginas 1049 - 1058

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento Ainda não está estabelecido se a captação de fluorodesoxiglicose no miocárdio ocorre exclusivamente por características fisiológicas ou se representa um desarranjo metabólico causado pela quimioterapia. Objetivo Investigar os efeitos da quimioterapia no coração dos pacientes com linfoma por tomografia por emissão de pósitrons associada a tomografia computadorizada (PET/CT) com 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-desoxi-D-glicose (18F-FDG PET/CT) antes, durante e/ou após a quimioterapia. Métodos Setenta pacientes com linfoma submetidos a 18F-FDG PET/CT foram retrospectivamente analisados. O nível de significância foi de 5%. A captação de 18F-FDG foi avaliada por três medidas: captação máxima no ventrículo esquerdo ( standardized uptake value , SUV max), razão SUV cardíaco / aorta e SUV cardíaco / SUV no fígado. Também foram comparados peso corporal, glicemia de jejum, tempo pós-injeção e dose administrada de 18F-FDG entre os exames. Resultados A idade média foi de 50,4 ± 20,1 anos e 50% dos pacientes eram mulheres. A análise foi realizada em dois grupos – PET/CT basal vs. intermediário e PET/CT basal vs pós-terapia. Não houve diferença significativa entre as variáveis clínicas e do protocolo dos exames entre os diferentes momentos avaliados. Nós observamos um aumento na SUV máxima no ventrículo esquerdo de 3,5±1,9 (basal) para 5,6±4,0 (intermediário), p=0,01, e de 4,0±2,2 (basal) para 6,1±4,2 (pós-terapia), p<0,001. Uma porcentagem de aumento ≥30% na SUV máxima no ventrículo esquerdo ocorreu em mais da metade da amostra. O aumento da SUV cardíaca foi acompanhado por um aumento na razão SUV máxima no ventrículo esquerdo / SUV máxima na aorta e SUV média no ventrículo esquerdo /SUV média no fígado. Conclusão O estudo mostrou um aumento evidente na captação cardíaca de 18F-FDG em pacientes com linfoma, durante e após quimioterapia. A literatura corrobora com esses achados e sugere que a 18F-FDG PET/CT pode ser um exame de imagem sensível e confiável para detectar sinais metabólicos precoces de cardiotoxicidade.

Abstract Background It is uncertain whether myocardial fluorodeoxyglucose uptake occurs solely due to physiological features or if it represents a metabolic disarrangement under chemotherapy. Objective To investigate the chemotherapy effects on the heart of patients with lymphoma by positron emission tomography associated with computed tomography scans (PET/CT) with 2-deoxy-2[18F] fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG PET/CT) before, during and/or after chemotherapy. Methods Seventy patients with lymphoma submitted to18F-FDG PET/CT were retrospectively analyzed. The level of significance was 5%.18F-FDG cardiac uptake was assessed by three measurements: left ventricular maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), heart to blood pool (aorta) ratio, and heart to liver ratio in all the exams. Body weight, fasting blood sugar, post-injection time, and the injected dose of18F-FDG between the scans were also compared. Results Mean age was 50.4 ± 20.1 years and 50% was female. The analysis was carried out in two groups: baseline vs. interim PET/CT, and baseline vs. post-therapy PET/CT. There was no significant difference in clinical variables or protocol scans variables. We observed an increase in left ventricular (LV) SUVmax from 3.5±1.9 (baseline) to 5.6±4.0 (interim), p=0.01, and from 4.0±2.2 (baseline) to 6.1±4.2 (post-therapy), p<0.001. A percentage increase ≥30% of LV SUVmax occurred in more than half of the sample. The rise of cardiac SUV was accompanied by an increase in LV SUVmax/Aorta SUVmax and LV SUVmean/Liver SUVmean ratios. Conclusion This study showed a clear increase in cardiac18F-FDG uptake in patients with lymphoma during and/or after chemotherapy. The literature corroborates with these findings and suggests that18F-FDG PET/CT is a sensitive and reliable imaging exam to detect early metabolic signs of cardiotoxicity.

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210463

Low performance of a SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay in symptomatic children during the pandemic
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Scotta, Marcelo Comerlato

; David, Caroline Nespolo de

; Varela, Fernanda Hammes

; Sartor, Ivaine Tais Sauthier

; Polese-Bonatto, Márcia

; Fernandes, Ingrid Rodrigues

; Zavaglia, Gabriela Oliveira

; Ferreira, Charles Francisco

; Kern, Luciane Beatriz

; Santos, Amanda Paz

; Krauzer, João Ronaldo Mafalda

; Pitrez, Paulo Márcio

; Almeida, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira de

; Porto, Victor Bertollo Gomes

; Stein, Renato T.

Jornal de Pediatria

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Abr 2022, Volumen 98 Nº 2 Paginas 136 - 141

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the accuracy of an antibody point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay (LFI -Wondfo Biotech Co., Guangzhou, China) in a pediatric population. Methods: children and adolescents (2 months to 18 years) with signs and symptoms suggestive of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection were prospectively investigated with nasopharyngeal RT-PCR and LFI at the emergency room. RT-PCR was performed at baseline, and LFI at the same time or scheduled for those with less than 7 days of the clinical picture. Overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were assessed, as well as according to the onset of symptoms (7-13 or ≥14 days) at the time of the LFI test. Results: In 175 children included, RT-PCR and LFI were positive in 51 (29.14%) and 36 (20.57%), respectively. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value was 70.6% (95%CI 56.2-82.5), 96.8% (95%CI 91.9-99.1), 90.0% (95%CI 77.2-96.0), and 88.9% (95%CI 83.9-92.5), respectively. At 7-13 and ≥14 days after the onset of symptoms, sensitivity was 60.0% (95%CI 26.2-87.8) and 73.2% (95%CI 57.1-85.8) and specificity was 97.9% (95%CI 88.7-99.9) and 96.1% (95%CI 89.0-99.2), respectively. Conclusion: Despite its high specificity, in the present study the sensitivity of LFI in children was lower (around 70%) than most reports in adults. Although a positive result is informative, a negative LFI test cannot rule out COVID-19 in children.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2021.04.010

Efficacy of Telenomuspodisi Ashmead, 1893 (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) release for the control of Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1794) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) eggs in soybean, in Brazil
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Pernambuco Filho, José C.A.

; Almeida, Wellington S.M.

; Gladenuccí, Joanina

; Zachrisson, Bruno

; de Oliveira, Regiane Cristina

Idesia (Arica)

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Mar 2022, Volumen 40 Nº 1 Paginas 77 - 86

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of releases of different amounts of Telenomus podisi for the control of Euchistus heros in soybean crops. In addition, productivity was determined between treatments. The experiments were conducted in commercial areas of soybean production during the 2017/2018 crop season. The experiments were installed in three experimental areas in different locations of Sao Paulo state, Brazil; Pardinho (Farm Santa Fe), Tatuí (Farm Dos Lagos), and Angatuba (Farm Santa Irene). The experimental design was that of random blocks with five treatments and five repetitions. The statistical analysis of the experimental data applied was of variance homogeneity (Hartley Test), variance analysis (ANOVA), and Tukey's average discrimination test, at 5% of probability. The treatments evaluated were: T1- 2,000 eggs/ha; T2- 3,500 eggs/ha; T3- 5,000 eggs/ ha; T4- 6,500 eggs/ha; T5- Control (Without T. podisi release). The release of adult parasitoids was carried out manually in the center of the plots. The parasitoid release interval was made from the presence of two nymphs or average adults of E. heros per linear meter, considering the end of the vegetative phase and physiological maturation. The sampling of nymphs and adults of E. heros were performed at weekly intervals (1, 7, 14, and 21 days) prior to the releases of T. podisi. The reduction in the number of nymphs and adults of E. heros, following the release of parasitoids was assessed. Additionally, productivity between treatments was evaluated. The release of 6,500 adults of T. podisi significantly reduced the number of nymphs and adults of E. heros and showed to be more effective regarding other treatments. The productivity between the treatments evaluated did not show significant statistical differences.

RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de las liberaciones de diferentes cantidades de Telenomus podisi para el control de Euschistus heros en el cultivo de soya. Además, se determinó la productividad entre los tratamientos. Los experimentos fueron conducidos en áreas comerciales de producción de soya, durante el año agrícola 2017/2018. Los experimentos fueron instalados en tres áreas experimentales en diferentes localidades del estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil; Pardinho (Hacienda Santa Fé), Tatuí (Hacienda Dos Lagos) y Angatuba (Hacienda Santa Irene). El diseño experimental fue de bloques al azar con cinco tratamientos y cinco repeticiones. El análisis estadístico de los datos experimentales aplicado fue la homogeneidad de varianzas (Prueba de Hartley), el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y la prueba de discriminación de medias de Tukey, al 5% de probabilidad. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: T1- 2,000 huevos /ha; T2- 3.500 huevos/ha; T3- 5.000 huevos/ha; T4- 6.500 huevos/ha; T5-Control (Sin liberación de T. podisi). La liberación de los parasitoides adultos fue realizada manualmente, en el centro de las parcelas. El intervalo de liberación de los parasitoides se realizó a partir de la presencia de dos ninfas y/o adultos promedio de E. heros por metro lineal, entre el final de la fase vegetativa y la maduración fisiológica. Los muestreos de ninfas y adultos de E. heros, fueron realizados en intervalos semanales (1, 7, 14 y 21 días) previamente a las liberaciones de T. podisi. Se evaluó la reducción del número de ninfas y de adultos de E. heros, posterior a la liberación de los parasitoides. Además, se evaluó la productividad entre los tratamientos. La liberación de 6.500 adultos/ha de T. podisi redujo significativamente el número de ninfas y adultos de E. heros y fue más eficaz en relación a los otros tratamientos. La productividad entre los tratamientos evaluados, no presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre sí.

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Discrete-time modeling and state feedback control of a DC motor with inertial load
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Alves, Uiliam Nelson L. T.

; Breganon, Ricardo

; Pivovar, Luiz E.

; Almeida, João Paulo L. S. de

; Martins, Luís Fabiano B.

; Barbara, Gustavo V.

; Palácios, Rodrigo H. C.

; Mendonça, Marcio

Journal of applied research and technology

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2022, Volumen 20 Nº 6 Paginas 718 - 728

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The position control in electromechanical systems can many times be performed by direct current (DC) motors. Due to this, the control of these devices is studied via several control strategies in the literature. In this work, the modeling of a direct current motor with coupled load is presented, including the experiments performed to obtain the main system’s parameters and the dynamic’s discretization process. The discretization is taken into account in order to allow the controller to be performed by a computer. From the obtained model, the state feedback control approach along with an observer were explored to create a digital controller for the considered DC motor. The obtained results, both from the simulation and the experimental setup, show that the obtained model is valid. Moreover, it is possible to conclude that the proposed control strategy conducts to appropriate results both in simulations and in experimental tests since the closed-loop system matches the performance requirements within the limitations of the considered prototype.

https://doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2022.20.6.1304

10.

SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTION COMPONENTS IN IRRIGATED NOBLE GARLIC
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Oliveira, Job T. de

; Oliveira, Rubens A. de

; Almeida, Edmilson I. B.

; Cunha, Fernando F. da

; Teodoro, Paulo E.

Engenharia Agrícola

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2022, Volumen 42 Nº 3 elocation e20200191

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Among agricultural components, crop ecophysiological parameters play an essential role in garlic growth and yield. This study aimed to characterize the structure and spatialization of garlic crop parameters, evaluating spatial correlations among yield, lateral shoot growth, and plant ecophysiological components. These consisted of intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, transpiration, water-use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency, photosynthetically active radiation, relative humidity around leaves, relative humidity in leaves, air temperature, leaf temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and water content in the air and leaves. Our results showed that irrigated purple garlic yield, lateral shoot growth, and ecophysiological components are spatially dependent. A cross-semivariogram between plant ecophysiological parameters showed negative spatial correlations and spatial dependence, with a coefficient of determination (r2) above 0.730. These findings indicate a close correlation between garlic yield and lateral shoot growth with the ecophysiological parameters studied. In short, purple garlic production had a high inter-spatial correlation with plant transpiration and water contents in the air and leaves.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v42n3e20200191/2022

11.

Shrimps of the genus Thor Kingsley, 1878 (Caridea, Thoridae): description of a new species using integrative data, remarks on Thor manningi Chace, 1972, and a world identification key
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Terossi, Mariana

; Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira

; Mantelatto, Fernando Luis

; Kochenborger, Ana Paula Leite

Nauplius

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2022, Volumen 30 elocation e2022028

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Marine shrimps of the genus Thor Kingsley, 1878 are distributed in the eastern and western Atlantic, eastern Pacific, and Indo-West Pacific. Thor manningi Chace, 1972 was originally described from Antigua and since then has been recorded from other Atlantic localities, including the Caribbean Sea, Bermuda, USA, Brazil, and Ascension Island. Specimens previously identified as T. manningi from Panama and Brazil were analyzed using a combination of morphological and molecular approaches. The analyses yielded a new species from the Atlantic coast of Panama, herein described as Thor paulae sp. nov. Moreover, we provide additional morphological observations on T. manningi, mainly regarding mouthparts and pereopods. The new species is morphologically similar to the Pacific Thor cocoensis Wicksten and Vargas, 2001 and Thor marguitae Bruce, 1978. However, it can be separated from them by the carpus of the second pereopod, rostral dorsal dentition, and chela of the first pereopod, respectively. The two species studied here can be easily distinguished by the supraorbital prominence in T. manningi (versus absent in the new species), and the pterygostomial margin rounded and unarmed in T. manningi (versus angular, with tooth in the new species). Thor manningi is morphologically closer to the western Atlantic Thor dobkini Chace, 1972 and Thor floridanus Kingsley, 1878, but can be separated from both by the merus of the first pereopod (T. dobkini) and dactylus of fourth and fifth pereopods (T. floridanus, but with the possibility of overlap). We provide a comparative table with morphological characters of all 17 valid species of Thor, as well as a worldwide identification key to the genus.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2022028

12.

Insights on the non-linear solution of Munk's ocean circulation theory from a rotating tank experiment
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Polito, Paulo S.

; Sato, Olga T.

; Napolitano, Dante C.

; Simoes-Sousa, Iury T.

; Almeida, Hélio

; Lapolli, Fabrício R.

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2021, Volumen 69 elocation e21011

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract At age 101, Walter Munk passed away in 2019. His groundbreaking discoveries will still guide and amaze oceanography students for years to come. Here, we perceive patterns in rotating tank with Munk's circulation theory aided by a Lagrangian particles tracking algorithm and numerical modeling. From information captured by video, we track the trajectories of drifters, and then objectively mapped the streamfunction to obtain the mean circulation pattern. We were able to reproduce the wind-forced anticyclonic and asymmetric gyre, including the western boundary intensification and its retroflection. The latter phenomenon was predicted by the non-linear version of Munk's model and observed in real subtropical gyres as small recirculation regions. We have configured two numerical model simulations mimicking the physical experiment, with linear and non-linear terms. The comparison between the numerical and physical experiments confirmed the effect of non-linear distortion of the gyre. Geophysical fluid dynamics is often hard to visualize, and counter-intuitive in a rotating system. We present this set of experiments as a tool for oceanography teaching. Besides studying general ocean circulation theories and observations through practical examples, this experiment provides an opportunity to develop basic image processing and geophysical modelling skills.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824069.20-011psp 9 descargas

13.

Pontos de carbono luminescentes à base de ovalbumina aplicados em marcação biológica
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Lima, Sarah

; Domingos, Luis Fernando T.

; Vaz, Roberto

; Campos Junior, Paulo Henrique de Almeida

; Schiavon, Marco Antônio

Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)

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2021, Volumen 26 Nº 2 elocation e12996

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Entre os nanomateriais de carbono, os pontos de carbono (PCs) estão entre os mais atraentes devido as suas interessantes propriedades fotoluminescentes. Os PCs apresentam processo de síntese fácil, possibilidade de funcionalização da superfície, baixa toxicidade, alta solubilidade em água e biocompatibilidade. Devido a isso, suas aplicações na área biomédica e de bioimagem tem se destacado na literatura. Neste trabalho, PCs foram sintetizados por dois métodos diferentes a partir da ovalbumina, o qual é um precursor não tóxico e composto predominantemente por aminoácidos de cadeia curta. Os PCs foram caracterizados por espectroscopias de absorção (UV-Vis), de emissão (fluorescência) e infravermelho (IVTF), além de análise termogravimétrica (ATG). Os PCs foram utilizados como sondas fluorescentes para uma imagem colorida (azul e verde) de células HEK293 e não induziram a morte celular, o que indica que os mesmos são biocompatíveis e não tóxicos para este tipo de células. Dessa forma, os resultados aqui apresentados demonstram que os PCs podem ser considerados potenciais substitutos para corantes comerciais em marcação biológica.

ABSTRACT Among the carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) are among the most attractive ones due to their interesting photoluminescent properties. PCs feature easy synthesis process, possibility of surface functionalization, low toxicity, high water solubility and biocompatibility. Because of this, their applications in the biomedical and bioimaging areas has been highlighted in literature. In this work, CDs were synthesized by two different methods using ovalbumin as precursor, which is a nontoxic reactant composed predominantly of short chain amino acids. The CDs were characterized by absorption (UV-Vis), emission (fluorescence), infrared (IRFT) spectroscopies, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The CDs were used as fluorescent probes for multicolor (blue and green) imaging of HEK293 cells and did not induce to cell death, which indicates that the CDs are biocompatible and nontoxic to this type of cells. Therefore, the results presented here demonstrated that CDs can be considered as a potential substitute for commercial dyes in biological images.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-707620210002.1296 247 descargas

14.

Profiling the Cymbopogon nardus Ethanol Extract and Its Antifungal Potential against Candida Species with Different Patterns of Resistance
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Toledo, Luciani G. de

; Ramos, Matheus A. S.

; Spósito, Larissa

; Castilho, Elza M.

; Pavan, Fernando R.

; Lopes, Érica O.

; Silva, Isabel C. da

; Zocolo, Guilherme J.

; Ribeiro, Paulo R. V.

; Oda, Fernando B.

; Pereira, Juhan A. S.

; Santos, André G. dos

; Bauab, Taís M.

; Almeida, Margarete T. G. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Sep 2020, Volumen 31 Nº 9 Paginas 1926 - 1938

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus, citronella, has been extensively studied. However, the chemical and biological properties of the ethanolic extract (EE) of C. nardus have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of the EE of C. nardus and its active fraction (FrD). Moreover, the cytotoxic and antifungal properties of these extracts against Candida species with different resistance profiles to conventional drugs were evaluated. The compounds identified in EE were mono-C- and di-C-glycosyl flavones and phenylpropanoid glycosides. Phenylpropanoid glycosides were identified in FrD. EE showed antifungal activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 62. 5 to 500 µg mL-1. FrD was more effective against C. glabrata, as evidenced by the lowest MIC value (15. 6 µg mL-1). EE inhibited yeast growth similar to amphotericin-B, as demonstrated by similar time-kill curves. EE inhibited C. albicans hyphae formation and mature biofilm of C. albicans, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis. The results of the chemical and biological analyses of EE and its fractions provided novel information and may contribute to control of infections caused by Candida species.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200093 454 descargas

15.

INFLUENCE OF GLYPHOSATE CONCENTRATIONS ON SPRAY SOLUTION PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND DRIFT POTENTIAL
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Almeida, Dieimisson P.

; Ferreira, Marcelo da C.

; Santos, Renata T. da S.

; Griesang, Fabiano

; Santos, Eduardo de S. dos

; Timossi, Paulo C.

Engenharia Agrícola

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Feb 2020, Volumen 40 Nº 1 Paginas 69 - 77

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The herbicide glyphosate is sprayed with varying application volumes that result in different concentrations used in the spray solutions. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of glyphosate concentrations on the potential risk of droplet drift, surface tension of spray solution, and contact angle of droplets on surfaces. Three experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. Drift potential was evaluated by median volumetric diameter (MVD), percentage volume of droplets with diameter smaller than 100 μm (%V<100 μm), and coefficient of uniformity (Span), with 12 replications. The surface tension of spray solutions and contact angle of droplets were evaluated on Urochloa ruziziensis leaves, paraffin film, and glass, with four replications. Changing glyphosate concentrations in the spray solution changes the droplet spectrum and contact angle on different surfaces due to changes in spray solution physicochemical characteristics, such as surface tension. The increased glyphosate concentrations in the spray solution lead to increased drift potential of droplets, reducing the surface tension and contact angle of droplets on surfaces.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v40n1p69-77/2020 723 descargas

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