ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Information about multimorbidity is scarce in developing countries. This study aimed to estimate the association of educational attainment with occurrences of multimorbidity in a population of public employees on university campuses in Rio de Janeiro. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted cross-sectional analyses on baseline data (1999-2001) from 3,253 participants in the Pró-Saúde study, conducted in Brazil. METHODS: The prevalence of multimorbidity, defined as a self-reported history of medical diagnoses of two or more chronic conditions, was estimated according to sex, age, smoking, obesity and educational level. The association between education and multimorbidity was estimated using odds ratios (OR) and the relative and slope indices of inequality, in order to quantify the degree of educational inequality among individuals with multimorbidity in this population. RESULTS: Greater age, female sex, smoking and obesity had direct associations with multimorbidity; and tobacco exposure and obesity also showed direct relationships with poorer educational level. There was a monotonic inverse linear trend between educational level and the presence of multimorbidity among women, with twice the odds (OR 2.47; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.42-4.40) between extremities of schooling categories. There was excess multimorbidity of 22% at the lowest extremity of schooling, thus showing that women with worse educational status were more affected by the outcome. No trend and no excess multimorbidity was seen among men. CONCLUSIONS: Educational inequality is an important determinant for development of multimorbidity. Men and women experience its effect differently. Researchers need to consider that sex may be an effect modifier in multimorbidity studies.

Sementes de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) com alto teor de molibdênio (Mo) podem suprir as demandas vegetais; entretanto, estudos prévios não avaliaram concomitantemente os efeitos do Mo da semente em plantas inoculadas com rizóbio ou sob fertilização nitrogenada. Este trabalho avaliou os efeitos do Mo da semente, no crescimento e na aquisição de N de plantas de feijoeiro, sob N simbiótico ou N mineral, pela mensuração das atividades da nitrogenase e da nitrato redutase e da contribuição da fixação biológica de N2, em diferentes estádios de crescimento. Sementes enriquecidas ou não com Mo foram semeadas sob duas fontes de N, inoculadas com rizóbio ou fertilização nitrogenada, em vasos com 10 kg de solo. No experimento 1, um tratamento adicional consistiu de sementes enriquecidas com Mo e aplicação de Mo ao solo. No experimento 2, a contribuição da fixação biológica de N2 foi estimada pela diluição isotópica de 15N. Plantas de feijoeiro originadas de sementes com alto teor de Mo floresceram um dia antes. Sementes com alto teor de Mo aumentaram a área foliar, a massa de parte aérea e a acumulação de N, nas duas fontes de N. A ausência de efeitos do Mo adicional aplicado ao solo indicou que as sementes enriquecidas com esse nutriente foram suficientes para o crescimento vegetal. Sementes enriquecidas com Mo elevaram a atividade da nitrogenase, no estádio vegetativo de plantas inoculadas, e da nitrato redutase, em estádios tardios nas duas fontes de N. A contribuição da fixação biológica de N2 foi de 17 e 61 %, em plantas oriundas de sementes com baixo e alto teor de Mo, respectivamente. Os resultados evidenciaram os benefícios das sementes enriquecidas com Mo para o crescimento e a nutrição nitrogenada do feijoeiro, quando inoculado com rizóbio ou sob adubação nitrogenada.

Seeds of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) with high molybdenum (Mo) concentration can supply Mo plant demands, but to date no studies have concomitantly evaluated the effects of Mo-enriched seeds on plants inoculated with rhizobia or treated with N fertilizer. This work evaluated the effects of seed Mo on growth and N acquisition of bean plants fertilized either by symbiotic N or mineral N, by measuring the activities of nitrogenase and nitrate reductase and the contribution of biological N2 fixation at different growth stages. Seeds enriched or not with Mo were sown with two N sources (inoculated with rhizobia or fertilized with N), in pots with 10 kg of soil. In experiment 1, an additional treatment consisted of Mo-enriched seeds with Mo applied to the soil. In experiment 2, the contribution of N2 fixation was estimated by 15N isotope dilution. Common bean plants grown from seeds with high Mo concentration flowered one day earlier. Seeds with high Mo concentration increased the leaf area, shoot mass and N accumulation, with both N sources. The absence of effects of Mo application to the soil indicated that Mo contents of Mo-enriched seeds were sufficient for plant growth. Seeds enriched with Mo increased nitrogenase activity at the vegetative stage of inoculated plants, and nitrate reductase activity at late growth stages with both N sources. The contribution of N2 fixation was 17 and 61 % in plants originating from low- or high-Mo seeds, respectively. The results demonstrate the benefits of sowing Mo-enriched seeds on growth and N nutrition of bean plants inoculated with rhizobia or fertilized with mineral N fertilizer.

Adult stem/progenitor cells are found in different human tissues. An in vitro cell culture is needed for their isolation or for their expansion when they are not available in a sufficient quantity to regenerate damaged organs and tissues. The level of complexity of these new technologies requires adequate facilities, qualified personnel with experience in cell culture techniques, assessment of quality and clear protocols for cell production. The rules for the implementation of cell therapy centers involve national and international standards of good manufacturing practices. However, such standards are not uniform, reflecting the diversity of technical and scientific development. Here standards from the United States, the European Union and Brazil are analyzed. Moreover, practical solutions encountered for the implementation of a cell therapy center appropriate for the preparation and supply of cultured cells for clinical studies are described. Development stages involved the planning and preparation of the project, the construction of the facility, standardization of laboratory procedures and development of systems to prevent cross contamination. Combining the theoretical knowledge of research centers involved in the study of cells with the practical experience of blood therapy services that manage structures for cell transplantation is presented as the best potential for synergy to meet the demands to implement cell therapy centers.

O cultivo de oliveira (Olea europaea L.) no sul de Minas Gerais tem apresentado resultados promissores quanto à produção de frutos. No entanto, há necessidade de verificar seu valor nutritivo e a qualidade do azeite oriundo dos frutos das cultivares potencialmente produtivas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a composição centesimal dos frutos, as características químicas e o perfil de ácidos graxos dos azeites extraídos de diferentes cultivares de oliveira, com a finalidade de selecionar os materiais com potencial agroindustrial. Foram avaliadas 32 cultivares de oliveira com seis anos de idades quanto à composição centesimal (teores de umidade, lipídeos, proteínas e cinzas, tanto na polpa quanto no caroço dos frutos); composição química e perfil de ácidos graxos dos azeites. Observaram-se nas cultivares MGS ASC315, Cerignola, MGS GRAP561 e MGS GRAP575 maiores valores de lipídeos. Além disso, as análises indicaram que o caroço possui quantidades significativas de lipídeos, embora sempre inferiores às quantidades presentes na polpa. Os índices de acidez em ácido oleico, peróxidos e refração absoluta estão de acordo com a resolução da ANVISA, podendo ser inicialmente classificados como azeite de oliva extravirgem ou virgem. De modo geral, todos os ácidos graxos presentes nos azeites possuem valores satisfatórios, destacando a cultivar MGS GRAP084, com maior concentração de ácido oleico, principal ácido responsável pelos benefícios à saúde.

Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) grown in south Minas Gerais State has shown promising results for fruit yield. However, little is still known about the fruit nutritional value and oil quality for those potentially productive cultivars. The objective of this work was to determine fruit centesimal composition, chemical characteristics, and the fatty acids profile of oils extracted from different olive tree cultivars to select the ones with improved agro-industrial potential. We assessed 32 six-year-old olive cultivars for the centesimal composition (moisture, lipids, proteins, and ash content, both in flesh and stone fruits), chemical composition, and fatty acid profiles. The cultivars MGS ACS315, Cerignola, MGS GRAP561, and MGS GRAP575 showed higher lipid content. Besides, these results indicated that the fruit core showed significant lipid amounts, although lower than those present in the pulp. The index results of oleic acid, peroxides, and absolute refraction are in agreement with ANVISA resolution and initially may be classified as virgin or extra virgin oil. In general, all fatty acids present in the olive oil tested had satisfactory values and the MGS GRAP084 cultivar had the highest content of oleic acid, the main fatty acid responsible for health benefits.

Sementes com altos teores de P ou Mo podem estimular o crescimento e a acumulação de N no feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), mas o efeito de sementes enriquecidas na fixação biológica de N2 ainda não foi estabelecido. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de sementes enriquecidas com P e Mo no crescimento e na fixação biológica de N2 do feijoeiro por meio da técnica de diluição isotópica de 15N. Foi conduzido um experimento em vasos em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 2 x 2 em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, combinando duas doses aplicadas de P (0 e 80 mg kg-1), três fontes de N (sem N, inoculado com rizóbio e N mineral), dois teores de P na semente (baixo e alto) e dois teores de Mo na semente (baixo e alto). O feijoeiro não nodulante e sorgo foram utilizados como controles não fixadores. O substrato constituiu-se de 5,0 kg de Latossolo Vermelho previamente enriquecido com 15N misturado com 5,0 kg de areia. As plantas foram colhidas aos 41 dias após emergência. Sementes com alto teor de P aumentaram a acumulação de biomassa e de N da parte aérea, principalmente nas plantas inoculadas na menor dose de P no solo, e a massa de nódulos nas plantas inoculadas nas duas doses de P no solo. A maior dose de P no solo aumentou a porcentagem de N derivado da atmosfera (%Ndfa) nas folhas de feijoeiro. A inoculação com as estirpes recomendadas aumentou a %Ndfa. O alto P na semente aumentou a %Ndfa, nas plantas inoculadas sob baixo P no solo. O alto Mo na semente aumentou a %Ndfa sob baixo P no solo nas plantas que não receberam inoculação ou N mineral. Conclui-se que sementes enriquecidas com P aumentam o crescimento, a acumulação de N e a contribuição da fixação biológica de N2 em feijoeiro, particularmente em plantas inoculadas crescidas sob menor disponibilidade de P no solo.

Seeds with a high concentration of P or Mo can improve the growth and N accumulation of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), but the effect of enriched seeds on biological N2 fixation has not been established yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of seeds enriched with P and Mo on growth and biological N2 fixation of the common bean by the 15N isotope dilution technique. An experiment was carried out in pots in a 2 x 3 x 2 x 2 factorial design in randomized blocks with four replications, comprising two levels of soil applied P (0 and 80 mg kg-1), three N sources (without N, inoculated with rhizobia, and mineral N), two seed P concentrations (low and high), and two seed Mo concentrations (low and high). Non-nodulating bean and sorghum were used as non-fixing crops. The substrate was 5.0 kg of a Red Latosol (Oxisol) previously enriched with 15N and mixed with 5.0 kg of sand. Plants were harvested 41 days after emergence. Seeds with high P concentration increased the growth and N in shoots, particularly in inoculated plants at lower applied P levels. Inoculated plants raised from high P seeds showed improved nodulation at both soil P levels. Higher soil P levels increased the percentage of N derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) in bean leaves. Inoculation with the selected strains increased the %Ndfa. High seed P increased the %Ndfa in inoculated plants at lower soil P levels. High seed Mo increased the %Ndfa at lower soil P levels in plants that did not receive inoculation or mineral N. It is concluded that high seed P concentration increases the growth, N accumulation and the contribution of the biological N2 fixation in the common bean, particularly in inoculated plants grown at lower soil P availability.

Gemtuzumab Ozogamicina (GO) é um derivado semi-sintético de caliqueamicina, um antibiótico citotóxico ligado a um anticorpo monoclonal direcionado contra antígeno CD33 presente nos mieloblastos leucêmicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar os efeitos colaterais, remissão e a sobrevida de 11 pacientes com leucemia mielóide aguda que utilizaram GO. A maior toxicidade foi atribuída à mielossupressão, a qual esteve presente em todos os pacientes. Um paciente foi a óbito devido a doença hepática veno-oclusiva. Quatro pacientes utilizaram a droga para tratamento de recaída e dois atingiram remissão parcial. Dois pacientes utilizaram a droga para tratamento de doença refratária e um atingiu remissão completa com 12 meses de sobrevida. GO foi utilizada para consolidação de cinco pacientes. Acreditamos que a droga é segura e pode ser uma opção para pacientes que não toleram os esquemas quimioterápicos tradicionais.

Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin consists of a semisynthetic derivate of calicheamicin, a cytotoxic antibiotic linked to a recombinant monoclonal antibody directed against the CD33 antigen present on leukemic myeloblasts. The aim of this report is to evaluate the side effects, remission and survival of 11 patients with acute myeloid leukemia that took Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin. The major toxicity was myelosuppression that was seen in all the patients. One patient died due to hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Four patients used the drug for relapse and two achieved partial remission. Two patients used the drug for refractory disease and one achieved complete remission with 12 months survival. Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin was also used for the consolidation therapy of 5 patients. We believe that Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin is safe and is an alternative for patients that do not respond to conventional therapy.

Gentuzumab Ozogamicina (GO) (Mylotarg®) tem como alvo células leucêmicas que expressam CD33 através de um anticorpo monoclonal conjugado a um agente citotóxico, a caliqueamicina. Esta droga foi aprovada para uso em pacientes idosos com leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) recaída ou refratária e hepatotoxicidade é comum após sua administração. Tack e colaboradores apresentaram o primeiro caso de doença hepática veno-oclusiva (DHVO) após infusão de GO em um paciente que tinha realizado transplante de medula( TMO) há 8 meses. Três estudos de fase II com 188 pacientes com LMA foram analisados e a incidência de HVOD fatal foi inferior a 1%, sendo a realização de TMO o fator de risco mais importante. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso raro de DHVO fatal com ruptura de veia e artéria hepática em um paciente de 68 anos que recebeu GO. Acreditamos que este é o primeiro relato de HVOD com ruptura de vasos hepáticos relacionado ao uso de GO.

Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (Mylotarg®) targets leukemia cells expressing the CD 33 receptor by means of a monoclonal antibody conjugated to a cytotoxic agent, calicheamicin. It was approved for use in elderly patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia and reversible hepatotoxicity is common after administration. The first case of hepatic veno-occlusive disease was reported after Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin infusion in a patient who had been submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 8 months earlier. Three phase 2 studies with 188 patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse that used Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin were analysed and the incidence of fatal hepatic veno-occlusive disease in these studies was < 1%, and prior hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was the most significant risk factor. The aim of this paper is to report a rare fatal case of hepatic veno-occlusive disease with rupture of the spleen vein and artery in a 68-year-old patient that had received Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first case report of hepatic veno-occlusive disease with rupture of the spleen vein and artery related to Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin.