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One of the greatest challenges faced by agriculture is the use of agrochemicals and the balance between food production and environmental problems associated with the excessive use of these substances. To overcome this issue, pheromones have been used to trap pests that harm crops. This work reports the use of a layered monocarboxylate, manganese laurate (MnL2), as adsorbing matrix for undecan-2-one (methyl nonyl ketone (MNK)), one of the components of the pheromone of the insect Lobiopa insularis, which is a pest in the strawberry cultivar. The manganese laurate was synthesized by a coprecipitation method and was later characterized using X-ray diffractometry, vibrational spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The characterization techniques showed that MNK was adsorbed in the manganese laurate structure in a range of 0.08 to 1.13 mg g-1, and this interaction was investigated in a factorial design experiment, in which the variables temperature, time of contact, and matrix:MNK ratio were investigated. A negative effect of increasing temperatures was observed and attributed to substrate volatilization. The adsorption was favored in increasing molar ratios and times of contact, and ideal conditions for the adsorption could be found, indicating that manganese laurate could be applied in controlled-release tests.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230009

Comorbilidades asociadas a la mortalidad por COVID-19 en adultos en Lima, Perú: un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva
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Soto-Cabezas, M. Gabriela

; Reyes-Vega, Mary F.

; Soriano-Moreno, Anderson N.

; Ordoñez-Ibargüen, Luis

; Martel, Kevin S.

; Flores-Jaime, Noemi

; Chirinos-Saire, Jenny

; Velásquez, J. Pierre

; Munayco, Cesar V.

Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública

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Jun 2023, Volumen 40 Nº 2 Paginas 132 - 140

Resumen: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar las comorbilidades asociadas a la mortalidad en pacientes adultos hospitalizados por COVID-19 de diferentes grupos de edad en hospitales de Lima y Callao. Materiales y métodos. En este estudio de cohorte retrospectiva analizamos datos de pacientes adultos hospitalizados por COVID-19, notificados al Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Ministerio de Salud de Perú de marzo a octubre del 2020. Se estimaron riesgos relativos con intervalos de confianza al 95% mediante modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para evaluar las comorbilidades asociadas a la mortalidad por grupos de edad: jóvenes (18-29 años), adultos (30-59 años) y mayores (≥60 años). Resultados. Se incluyeron 2366 jóvenes, 23781 adultos y 25356 adultos mayores en el análisis. Los adultos mayores presentaron la mortalidad más alta (63,7%) en comparación con adultos (27,1%) y jóvenes (8,5%). Independientemente del grupo de edad, la presencia de enfermedad neurológica, enfermedad renal, enfermedad hepática y cáncer se asoció a un mayor riesgo de mortalidad. Adicionalmente, la enfermedad cardiovascular fue también un factor de riesgo en los jóvenes; la obesidad, la diabetes, la enfermedad cardiovascular, la enfermedad pulmonar crónica y la inmunodeficiencia en los adultos; y la obesidad y la enfermedad pulmonar crónica en los mayores. Conclusiones: Independientemente de los grupos de edad, los individuos con enfermedad neurológica crónica, enfermedad renal, enfermedad hepática y cáncer tendrían un alto riesgo de morir por la COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To evaluate comorbidities associated with mortality in adult patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in hospitals in Lima and Callao. Materials and methods. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from adult patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance System of the Peruvian Ministry of Health from March to October 2020. We estimated relative risks with 95% confidence intervals using Poisson regression models with robust variance to assess comorbidities associated with mortality by age group: young adults (18-29 years), adults (30-59 years) and older adults (≥60 years). Results. We included 2366 young adults, 23,781 adults and 25,356 older adults. Older adults had the highest mortality (63.7%) compared to adults (27.1%) and young adults (8.5%). Regardless of age group, the presence of neurological disease, renal disease, liver disease, and cancer was associated with an increased risk of mortality. Additionally, cardiovascular disease was also a risk factor in young adults; obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, and immunodeficiency in adults; and obesity and chronic lung disease in the elderly. Conclusions. Regardless of age groups, individuals with chronic neurologic disease, renal disease, liver disease, and cancer were at high risk of death from COVID-19.

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2023.402.12170

Comorbilidades asociadas a la mortalidad por COVID-19 en adultos en Lima, Perú: un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva
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Soto-Cabezas, M. Gabriela

; Reyes-Vega, Mary F.

; Soriano-Moreno, Anderson N.

; Ordoñez-Ibargüen, Luis

; Martel, Kevin S.

; Flores-Jaime, Noemi

; Chirinos-Saire, Jenny

; Velásquez, J. Pierre

; Munayco, Cesar V.

Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica

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Abr 2023, Volumen 40 Nº 2 Paginas 132 - 140

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2023.402.12170

Honey of Tetragonisca angustula from Southwestern Bahia: Influence of Seasonality on the Physicochemical Profile and Glioma Cell Inhibitory Effect
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Ferreira, Adrianne B.

; Novaes, Cleber G.

; Jesus, Hion O. de

; Borges, Julita Maria P.

; Ramos, Florisvaldo S.

; Pereira, Anderson J.

; Oliveira, Djalma M. de

; Aguiar, Rosane M.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Ene 2023, Volumen 34 Nº 1 Paginas 135 - 145

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This study aims to analyze Tetragonisca angustula honey from southwestern Bahia for its physicochemical characteristics, phenolic compounds and glioma cell inhibitory effect, in samples from different periods of the year, dry (DP) and rainy (RP) period. The analyses showed that samples obtained in the DP and RP are statistically different for the physicochemical profile (p < 0.05). DP honey has a darker color, greater acidity, content of reducing sugars and ash and lower moisture, when compared to RP. The content of total phenolics and flavonoids was determined spectrometrically, using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and reaction with aluminum chloride, respectively, and there was no statistical difference between the samples (p > 0.05). For the extraction of phenolic compounds, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was used, besides analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV), which identified chlorogenic acid and quantified caffeic acid and rutin (1.7723 and 0.9384 μg 100 mg-1 honey, respectively). Glioma cell inhibition effect lines were observed for DP at concentrations 1000 ng mL-1 of honey. Principal component analysis (PCA) proposes the physicochemical parameters as the main distinguishing factors between the DP and RP samples. DP samples showed similarity for the parameters ash content, acidity and reducing sugars and the samples of the RP had consonance between pH and moisture.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220095

The utility of the bedside index of severity in acute pancreatitis at prognosticating adverse outcomes
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Makofane, TN

; Clarke, DL

; Anderson, F

; Ferndale, L

South African Journal of Surgery

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2023, Volumen 61 Nº 2 Paginas 28 - 31

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Identification of at-risk patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) early on in the course of hospital admission remains a challenge. Early identification of these patients can facilitate early referral to tertiary hospitals with skilled multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) and high-dependency health care facilities. This study retrospectively reviewed the ability of the bedside index of severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) score and other biochemical markers to predict organ failure and mortality in acute pancreatitis METHODS: All patients presenting to Grey's Hospital with AP between 2012 and 2020 were included in the study. The BISAP score and other biomarkers were evaluated at presentation in predicting organ failure (> 48 hours duration) and mortality RESULTS: A total of 235 patients were included in the study. A total of 144 (61%) were male and 91 (39%) were female. Alcohol (81%) and gallstones (69%) were the commonest aetiological factors amongst males and females respectively. A total of 42 (29%) males and 10 (11%) females developed organ failure during their hospital stay. The mortality rate was 11.8% for males, 6.59% for females, with an overall mortality of 9.8%. A BISAP score of 2 had a sensitivity of 87.98% and specificity of 59.62% at predicting organ failure (positive predictive value [PPV] = 88.46%, negative predictive value [NPV] = 58.49%, 95% confidence interval [CI], p = 0.001). A BISAP score of 3 and above had a sensitivity of 98.11% and specificity of 69.57% at predicting mortality (PPV = 96.74%, NPV = 80%, 95% CI, p = 0.001). A multivariate analysis of biomarkers bicarbonate, base excess, lactate, urea and creatinine either failed to reach statistical significance or had specificity that is too low to prognosticate organ failure and mortality CONCLUSION: The BISAP score has limitations at predicting organ failure, but it is a reliable tool for predicting mortality in AP. Due to its simplicity of use, it should be used in resource-constrained settings to triage at-risk patients in smaller hospitals, for early referral to tertiary hospitals

https://doi.org/10.36303/SAJS.3857

HIV associated malignancies presenting as acute pancreatitis: a case series
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Madela, F

; Anderson, F

; Nhlonzi, GB

; Thomson, SR

South African Journal of Surgery

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2023, Volumen 61 Nº 4 Paginas 45 - 47

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) may be the presenting symptom in a small percentage of patients harbouring pancreatic or extra pancreatic tumours. This case series aims to describe the pathological spectrum of tumours detected in two AP cohorts from a high HIV-endemic region. METHODS: Prospectively collected databases of patients admitted with AP over two periods 2001 to 2010 and 2013 to 2015, were retrospectively evaluated to detect those with pancreatic and extra-pancreatic tumours. The diagnosis of AP was by standard criteria. HIV infection and CD4 counts were routinely tested for in the latter period and only tested on clinical grounds in the initial period. CT scan was performed when there was diagnostic doubt, predicted severe disease, and failure to improve clinically after one week. Demographic, clinical, investigative, and pathology details were collected and presented. RESULTS: HIV-positive patients admitted with AP were 106 (17%) of 628 in the first period and 90 (38%) of 238 of the second period. No tumours were diagnosed in the HIV-negative patients. Seven of the HIV-positive patients had tumours diagnosed at endoscopy, CT scan, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Of the seven HIV-positive patients with tumours, two patients had a CD4 count above 200. There were four patients with lymphoma involving the pancreatic head, three having associated cholestasis, and three patients with Kaposi's Sarcoma. One Kaposi's sarcoma patient died three months after presentation. One patient with lymphoma died on day 14 and another two months after initial presentation, and the remaining four patients were referred to oncology. CONCLUSION: Despite their rarity (< 4%), when HIV-positive patients with low CD4 count and cholestasis present with AP, tumours should be suspected and evaluated by cross sectional imaging and endoscopic ultrasound.

https://doi.org/10.36303/sajs.3511

Oral mucositis and microbial status in acute lymphoblastic leukemia subjects undergoing high-dose chemotherapy
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Nunes

; Barbosa, Anderson Nogueira

; Saito, Cristiane Pereira Borges

; Paula, Erich Vinicius de

; Saito, Daniel

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences

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2023, Volumen 22 elocation e237697

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Aim To assess oral microbial status in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and to unravel possible associations between nosocomial pathogens and the establishment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (CIOM). Methods Oral mucosa, saliva, and peripheral blood samples were collected from 46 ALL subjects one day prior to chemotherapy (D0) and 2 weeks after treatment initiation (D14). Clinical intraoral inspection was performed by a single practitioner, with mucositis classification performed according to the WHO oral toxicity scale. Blood components were quantified by automatic flow cytometry, while oral Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction with species-specific primers. Associations among bacteria and clinical findings were determined by Fisher’s Exact test, longitudinal bacterial changes by paired Macnemar, and correlations among blood parameters and mucositis status or bacteria via Mann-Whitney. Results S. aureus displayed higher detection rates at D14 (p < 0.05) and was positively associated with mucositis, adoption of a non-solid diet (all p < 0.001), nausea and fever (all p < 0.05). Conversely, P. aeruginosa did not correlate to CIOM clinical parameters. At the systemic standpoint, lower hemoglobin levels associated with CIOM and fever events (all p < 0.01). Conclusion The study evidences S. aureus as a potential pathogen in ALL-CIOM, reaffirming microbial control as an important preventive measure during high-dose immunosuppressive therapy. The weight of non-white-blood-cell parameters should be validated as novel CIOM biomarkers in prospective research.

https://doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v22i00.8667697

Management for grain sorghum cultivation under saline water irrigation
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Guimarães, Miguel J. M.

; Simões, Welson L.

; Salviano, Alessandra M.

; Oliveira, Anderson R. de

; Silva, Jucicléia S. da

; Barros, Juliane R. A.

; Willadino, Lilia

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Nov 2022, Volumen 26 Nº 11 Paginas 755 - 762

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Para se obter um cultivo eficiente de sorgo granífero em sistemas de produção que utilizam água salina, torna-se necessário um manejo hídrico adequado para maximizar sua produção. Com isto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de frações de lixiviação no manejo da irrigação com água salina na produção de variedades de sorgo granífero e na distribuição de água e sais no perfil do solo, em condições semiáridas. O estudo foi realizado no município de Petrolina, região semiárida do Brasil. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em parcelas subdivididas; sendo as parcelas quatro frações de lixiviação (FL): 0; 5; 10 e 15% com água salina proveniente de poço artesiano, as subparcelas três variedades de sorgo granífero: 1011-IPA, 2502-IPA e Ponta Negra e as subsubparcelas dois ciclos de cultivo (1º e 2º corte). As variáveis avaliadas foram: distribuição de água e sais no perfil do solo, variáveis biométricas, biomassa fresca, biomassa seca e produtividade de grãos. A aplicação de frações de lixiviação na irrigação com água salina promove melhor distribuição de sais no perfil do solo, com incrementos de até 60% no rendimento de grãos das variedades de sorgo avaliadas. A produção das variedades 1011-IPA e Ponta Negra é uma alternativa viável em sistemas irrigados com água salina com condutividade elétrica média de 4,19 dS m-1, em Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo, sob condições semiáridas.

ABSTRACT In order to obtain an efficient cultivation of grain sorghum in production systems that use saline water, an adequate management becomes necessary for maximizing its production. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of leaching fractions in the saline water irrigation management on the production of sorghum varieties and on the distribution of water and salts in the soil profile, under semiarid conditions. The study was carried out in the municipality of Petrolina, semiarid region of Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replicates, in split-split plots; four leaching fractions (LF): 0, 5, 10, and 15% with saline water from artesian well in the plots, three varieties of grain sorghum: 1011-IPA, 2502-IPA and Ponta Negra in the subplots, and two crop cycles (1st and 2nd cut) in the sub-subplots. The evaluated variables were distribution of water and salts in the soil profile, biometric variables, fresh biomass, dry biomass, and grain yield. Application of leaching fractions of up 15% in saline water irrigation promotes better distribution of salts in the soil profile, with increments of up to 60% in the grain yield of the sorghum varieties evaluated. The production of the varieties 1011-IPA and Ponta Negra is a feasible alternative in systems irrigated with saline water with average electrical conductivity of 4.19 dS m-1, in Ultisol, under semiarid conditions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n11p755-762

A Finite-Difference Time-Domain Formulation for Modeling Air Ionization Breakdown Streamers
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Oliveira, Rodrigo M. S. de

; Nascimento, Júlio S.

; Fujiyoshi, Daiyuki M.

; Lima, Thiago S. de

; Sena, Anderson J. C.

Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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Sep 2022, Volumen 21 Nº 3 Paginas 427 - 444

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract A numerical model based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is developed for calculating discharge currents and fields produced due air ionization between two electrodes. Electric conductivity σ of the ionized channel between two electrodes is calculated using non-linear equations, i.e., σ is obtained using functions of time. The functions for calculating σ are adapted and proposed in this work for each stage of the plasma formation and disrupting processes. The proposed numerical model is validated by making comparisons among the obtained FDTD results and experimental data published in literature. In order to perform the validation procedures, an experimental setup from literature is numerically reproduced using the proposed FDTD methodology.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742022v21i3259333

10.

Lycopene induces bone marrow lymphopoiesis and differentiation of peritoneal IgA-producing cells
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ELIAS, MONIQUE B.

; TEODORO, ANDERSON J.

; LEMOS, FELIPE S.

; BERNARDES, EMERSON S.

; SANTOS, SOFIA N.

; PACHECO, SIDNEY

; OLIVEIRA, FELIPE LEITE DE

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volumen 94 elocation e20210002

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Lycopene is a hydrocarbon-carotenoid commonly found in red fruits intake with major function correlated to antioxidative capacity in several pathological conditions, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, lycopene has been associated with hematopoiesis, although the effects on B lymphocyte differentiation and antibody production are poorly understood. In this work, the principal aim was to investigate whether lycopene affects B lymphopoiesis and terminal differentiation into plasma cells. Distinct in vivo and in vitro strategies based on lycopene supplementation were used direct in Balb/c mice or in culture systems with cells derived of these mice. In the bone marrow, lycopene expanded B220+IgM- progenitor B cells and B220+IgM+ immature B lymphocytes. In the spleen, lycopene induced terminal CD138+ plasma cell generation. In the blood, we found prominent IgA and low IgM levels after lycopene administration. Interestingly, the pattern of peritoneal IgM+ and IgA+ B cells indicated a significant IgM-to-IgA class switching after lycopene injection. These data indicated that lycopene induces B cell differentiation into IgA-producing plasma cells. Thus, a new cellular function has been attributed to lycopene for B lymphocyte biology and possibly associated with humoral responses and mucosal immunity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210002

11.

COVID-19 in the Perioperative Period of Cardiovascular Surgery: the Brazilian Experience
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Gomes, Walter J.

; Rocco, Isadora

; Pimentel, Wallace S.

; Pinheiro, Aislan H. B.

; Souza, Paulo M. S.

; Costa, Luiz A. A.

; Teixeira, Marjory M. P.

; Ohashi, Leonardo P.

; Bublitz, Caroline

; Begot, Isis

; Moreira, Rita Simone L

; Hossne Jr, Nelson A.

; Vargas, Guilherme F.

; Branco, João Nelson R.

; Teles, Carlos A.

; Medeiros, Eduardo A. S.

; Sáfadi, Camila

; Rampinelli, Amândio

; Moratelli Neto, Leopoldo

; Rosado, Anderson Rosa

; Mesacasa, Franciele Kuhn

; Capriata, Ismael Escobar

; Segalote, Rodrigo Coelho

; Palmieri, Deborah Louize da Rocha Vianna

; Jardim, Amanda Cristina Mendes

; Vianna, Diego Sarty

; Coutinho, Joaquim Henrique de Souza Aguiar

; Jazbik, João Carlos

; Coutinho, Henrique Madureira da Rocha

; Kikuta, Gustavo

; Almeida, Zely Sant'Anna Marotti de

; Feguri, Gibran Roder

; Lima, Paulo Ruiz Lucio de

; Franco, Anna Carolina

; Borges, Danilo de Cerqueira

; Cruz, Felipe Ramos Honorato De La

; Croti, Ulisses Alexandre

; Borim, Bruna Cury

; Marchi, Carlos Henrique De

; Goraieb, Lilian

; Postigo, Karolyne Barroca Sanches

; Jucá, Fabiano Gonçalves

; Oliveira, Fátima Rosane de Almeida

; Souza, Rafael Bezerra de

; Zilli, Alexandre Cabral

; Mas, Raul Gaston Sanchez

; Bettiati Junior, Luiz Carlos

; Tranchesi, Ricardo

; Bertini Jr, Ayrton

; Franco, Leandro Vieira

; Fernandes, Priscila

; Oliveira, Fabiana

; Moraes Jr, Roberto

; Araújo, Thiago Cavalcanti Vila Nova de

; Braga, Otávio Penna

; Pedrosa Sobrinho, Antônio Cavalcanti

; Teixeira, Roberta Tavares Barreto

; Camboim, Irla Lavor Lucena

; Gomes, Eduardo Nascimento

; Reis, Pedro Horigushi

; Garcia, Luara Piovan

; Scorsioni, Nelson Henrique Goes

; Lago, Roberto

; Guizilini, Solange

Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

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Dic 2021, Volumen 36 Nº 6 Paginas 725 - 735

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Introduction: We investigated the clinical course and outcomes of patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery in Brazil and who had developed symptoms/signs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the perioperative period. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study including 104 patients who were allocated in three groups according to time of positive real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2): group 1, patients who underwent cardiac surgery > 10 days after positive RT-PCR; group 2, patients with a positive RT-PCR within 10 days before or after surgery; group 3, patients who presented positive RT-PCR > 10 days after surgery. The primary outcome was mortality and secondary outcomes were postoperative complications, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and postoperative days of hospitalization. Results: The three groups were similar with respect to age, the European System of Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score, and comorbidities, except hypertension. Postoperative complications and death were significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1, and no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 was seen. Group 2 showed a high prevalence of surgery performed as an urgent procedure. Although no significant differences were observed in ICU length of stay, total postoperative hospitalization time was significantly higher in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: COVID-19 affecting the postoperative period of patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery is associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Delaying procedures in RT-PCR-positive patients may help reduce risks of perioperative complications and death.

https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2021-0960

12.

Efficient irrigation management in sugarcane cultivation in saline soil
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Simões, Welson L.

; Oliveira, Anderson R. de

; Salviano, Alessandra M.

; Silva, Jucicléia S. da

; Calgaro, Marcelo

; Guimarães, Miguel J. M.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Sep 2021, Volumen 25 Nº 9 Paginas 626 - 632

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a influência da fração de lixiviação nas características biométricas, produtivas e na qualidade tecnológica do caldo de variedades de cana-de-açúcar cultivadas em solo salino no Semiárido brasileiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 × 3 × 3, sendo dois ciclos de cultivo da cana-de-açúcar: cana planta e cana soca; três variedades de cana-de-açúcar: RB72454, SP943206 e VAT90212; e, três frações de lixiviação da água de irrigação: 0; 9,1; e 16,6%. Avaliou-se número de folhas vivas, número de entrenós, área foliar, diâmetro do colmo, altura da planta, número de perfilhos, produtividade, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (°Brix), porcentagem de fibra industrial, pureza do caldo, Pol% do caldo, Pol% da cana e açúcar total recuperável. Ao final dos dois ciclos da cultura foi determinada a eficiência do uso de água. As variedades SP943206 e VAT90212 demonstraram maior produtividade sob fração de lixiviação da água de irrigação de 9,1% nos dois ciclos e maiores eficiência do uso de água foram observadas na variedade VAT90212. A aplicação de frações de lixiviação para reduzir a salinidade do solo não proporciona alterações na qualidade tecnológica das variedades RB72454, SP943206 e VAT90212 de cana-de-açúcar.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of leaching fraction on the biometric and production characteristics and technological quality of the juice of sugarcane varieties grown in saline soil in the Brazilian semiarid region. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three repetitions, in a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to two sugarcane cultivation cycles: plant cane and ratoon cane; three sugarcane varieties: RB72454, SP943206 and VAT90212; and, three leaching fractions of irrigation water: 0; 9.1; and 16.6%. Number of living leaves, number of internodes, leaf area, stem diameter, plant height, number of tillers, yield, total soluble solids content (°Brix), percentage of industrial fiber, juice purity, juice Pol%, cane Pol% and total recoverable sugar were evaluated. At the end of the two crop cycles, water use efficiency was determined. The varieties SP943206 and VAT90212 showed higher yield under leaching fraction of irrigation water of 9.1% in both cycles, and higher water use efficiency values were observed for the variety VAT90212. Application of leaching fractions to reduce soil salinity does not promote changes in the technological quality of the sugarcane varieties RB72454, SP943206 and VAT90212.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n9p626-632 132 descargas

13.

The next generation: Pregnancy in adolescents and women living with perinatally acquired HIV in South Africa
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Anderson, K

; Mutemaringa, T

; Technau, K-G

; Johnson, L F

; Braithwaite, K

; Mokotoane, E

; Boulle, A

; Davies, M-A

SAMJ: South African Medical Journal

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Mar 2021, Volumen 111 Nº 3 Paginas 260 - 264

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of girls living with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) are reaching adolescence and adulthood and becoming pregnant. Youth living with PHIV (YLPHIV) may have HIV-associated infections/complications, long-term exposure to antiretroviral treatment (ART), drug resistance and increased psychosocial challenges, which may adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. There is a lack of published studies on pregnancy in YLPHIV in sub-Saharan AfricaOBJECTIVES: To describe characteristics of pregnant South African (SA) YLPHIV and their pregnancy outcomesMETHODS: We retrospectively identified pregnancies in YLPHIV, who were diagnosed with HIV when they were <12 years old and before their first pregnancy (as a proxy for perinatal route of infection), from routinely collected data in Western Cape Province, SA (2007 - 2018). We combined these with pregnancies from a Johannesburg cohort of YLPHIVRESULTS: We identified 258 pregnancies among 232 females living with likely PHIV; 38.8% of pregnancies occurred in YLPHIV <16 years old, 39.1% at age 17-19 years and 22.1% at age >20 years. In recent years, a steady increase in the number of pregnancies in YLPHIV was noted; more than two-thirds occurred during 2016 - 2018. ART was commenced prior to pregnancy in 84.9% of YLPHIV, during pregnancy in 6.6% and was not commenced by pregnancy end date in 8.5%. Of the pregnancies in young women with documented outcomes (88.8%; n=229), 80.3% were live births, 14.4% terminations, 3.1% miscarriages and 2.2% stillbirths. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV occurred in 2.2% of infants, 75.3% were uninfected when last tested and 22.6% had unknown HIV status. Among YLPHIV with CD4 counts available within 12 months of pregnancy end date (n=202), 20.3% had a CD4 count <200 cells/μL, 43.1% CD4 count 200 - 499 cells/uL and 36.6% CD4 count >500 cells/uL. Among those with a viral load (VL) available within 12 months of pregnancy end date (n=219), 66.7% had a VL <400 copies/mL, 5.0% VL 400 - 999 copies/mL and 28.3% VL >1 000 copies/mL. Of 186 neonates, 20.4% were preterm deliveries (<37 weeks' gestation). Among neonates with known birthweight (n=176), the mean birthweight was 2 900 g (95% confidence interval (CI) 2 747 - 2 935 g) and 20.5% had a low birthweight (<2 500 g). One congenital malformation (musculoskeletal) and 2 neonatal deaths were recordedCONCLUSIONS: In recent years, the number of pregnancies in YLPHIV has increased. A considerable proportion of pregnancies occurred in YLPHIV <16 years old. A high proportion of pregnancies was electively terminated. The prevalence of elevated VL and poor immunological status among pregnant YLPHIV is concerning

https://doi.org/10.7196/samj.2021.v111i3.14987

14.

Monitoring Glyphosate- and Chlorimuron- resistant Conyza spp. Populations in Brazil
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MENDES, RAFAEL R.

; TAKANO, HUDSON K.

; GONÇALVES NETTO, ACÁCIO

; PICOLI JUNIOR, GILMAR J.

; CAVENAGHI, ANDERSON L.

; SILVA, VANESSA F.V.

; NICOLAI, MARCELO

; CHRISTOFFOLETI, PEDRO J.

; OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, RUBEM S. DE

; MELO, MARCEL S.C. DE

; OVEJERO, RAMIRO F. LOPEZ

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volumen 93 Nº 1 elocation e20190425

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Conyza species are important weeds in global agriculture, especially due to their capacity to evolve resistance to multiple herbicide mechanisms of action. We aimed to evaluate the frequency and distribution of resistance to glyphosate and chlorimuron-ethyl in Conyza spp. populations from Brazil. Seed samples were collected from grain production areas across nine Brazilian states over five consecutive years (2014 to 2018). Prior to resistance monitoring trials, dose-response assays were conducted to determine a single dose of glyphosate or chlorimuron-ethyl to discriminate resistant and susceptible populations. Resistance monitoring based on plant responses to the application of discriminatory doses of glyphosate (960 g ha-1) or chlorimuron-ethyl (20 g ha-1). Populations were classified as resistant, moderately resistant, or susceptible to either herbicide. While glyphosate resistance was highly frequent (71.2%) in all the five years, chlorimuron-ethyl resistant populations occurred at 39.8% of the total. The frequency of multiple resistance to both herbicides (35.3%) was proportional to the occurrence of chlorimuron-ethyl resistance (39.6%). Resistance to glyphosate and to chlorimuron-ethyl were found across all states evaluated.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120190425 562 descargas

15.

Effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on germination of Sesbania virgata (FABACEAE) plants
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SANTOS, ELIENE S. DOS

; GRACIANO, DANIELA E.

; FALCO, WILLIAM F.

; CAIRES, ANDERSON R. LIMA

; ARRUDA, EDUARDO J. DE

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volumen 93 Nº 3 elocation e20190739

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Nanotechnology is a field that, over the years, has been growing in several research areas, such as medicine, agriculture and cosmetics, among others. As a result, there is a continuous increase in the production, use and disposal of these materials in the environment. The behaviour and (bio) activity of these materials in the atmosphere, water and soil are not fully studied. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the risks of contamination, as well as the possible effects and impacts of nanoparticles (NPs) on the ecosystem. In an attempt to investigate these effects on plants, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on the seed germination process of Sesbania virgata. For this, the Sesbania virgata seeds were subjected to different concentration of CuO NPs (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mgL-1) and their germination and development were monitored by optical analysis (thermography and chlorophyll a fluorescence). The results show that the CuO NPs induced a reduction on the maximum emission of chlorophyll a, which was concentration-dependent. The data also showed that CuO NPs promoted an increase in the energy dissipated by non-photochemical pathways and the surface temperature of the seeds. Additionally, our findings revealed that CuO NPs caused a root growth inhibition. In summary, the present study demonstrates, for the first time, that CuO NPs can negatively affect the physiological status and development of the S. virgata plant, by altering the efficiency of the functioning of photosystem II in its initial developmental stage, depending on the concentration of CuO NPs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120190739 470 descargas

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