In the present work, the AZ61 alloy, one of the most important commercial structural magnesium alloys, was anodized in three different alkaline electrolytes consisting of 3 M KOH + 0.15 M Na2SiO3 + 0.1 M Na2B4O7.10H2O, 3 M KOH + 0.5 M Na3PO4 and 3 M KOH + 0.50 M Na2SiO3. The treatment was conducted at two different current densities, 20 and 30 mA.cm-2 for 10 minutes. The anodized layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance was assessed by potentiodynamic polarization tests. The SCC behavior was studied using slow strain rate tests in 0.1 M NaCl solution at room temperature. Conventional tensile tests were also conducted in air. The susceptibility to SCC was dependent on the morphology of the anodized film. The composition of the electrolyte and the current density of the anodization treatment affected the SCC susceptibility of the AZ61 alloy. The best corrosion resistance and the lowest susceptibility to SCC were obtained for samples anodized in the borate-containing electrolyte at 30 mA.cm-2. The smooth and compact surface morphology of the anodized film obtained in this condition was the main reason for the improved SCC behavior of the AZ61 alloy.

ABSTRACT Agroforestry systems have the potential to increase soil organic matter, with effects on soil carbon and nitrogen contents, but information on the application of these systems in semi-arid regions is still scarce. This study aimed to analyze soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in the conversion of native forest from the Caatinga Biome into integrated agriculture systems in the Brazilian semi-arid region. We evaluated the following management systems in the Haplic Inceptisol (Cambissolo Háplico eutrófico): (1) Intercropping area, cultivated with corn and Massai grass; (2) Caatinga (natural vegetation); (3) AFS10: agroforestry system with native woody forest rows occupying 33 % and agriculture occupying 66 % of the total area; and (4) AFS20: agroforestry system presenting inverse proportions of AFS10. The agroforestry systems were intercropped with sorghum or millet, pigeon pea and Massai grass. We collected disturbed and undisturbed soil samples at the layers of 0.00-0.10; 0.10-0.20; 0.20-0.40, 0.40-0.60 and 0.60-1.00 m for analysis of carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N), soil bulk density, and calculation of SOC and N stocks and C/N ratio, two years after the conversion of natural vegetation to the agricultural area (intercropping) and agroforestry system (AFS10 and AFS20). We applied principal component and cluster analysis to explore the data, and confidence interval to compare the means of accumulated SOC and N stocks up to 1 m soil depth. No differences exist for the properties analysed in superficial layers (0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m), regardless of land-use systems. AFS20 increase the SOC content and, consequently, SOC stock, in subsurface layers; on the other hand, intercropping increases N content and N stock. AFS20 presented higher accumulated SOC stocks up to 1.00 m (114.97 Mg ha-1). Agroforestry systems management is an alternative for increasing carbon sequestration under the conversion from Caatinga to agricultural areas.

RESUMO A produção de cogumelos vem crescendo no Brasil, devido à versatilidade culinária desse alimento e alto valor nutricional. Ainda são escassos estudos que associam os aspectos de sua qualidade com o perfil e preferência dos seus consumidores. Assim, nesse trabalho foi comparada a firmeza e composição bioquímica de Shimeji e Shitake, e verificado o perfil e a preferência dos consumidores para compra. Os cogumelos foram caraterizados pela firmeza, teores de proteínas, lipídios, compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides totais e atividade antioxidade, além da realização de pesquisa de opinião com 308 consumidores de cogumelos. Os dois cogumelos contêm alto teor de proteínas e baixo de lipídios, além de concentrações expressivas de compostos bioativos e de atividade antioxidante, desejáveis aos consumidores exigentes em alimentos funcionais. O Shitake é aproximadamente 4 vezes mais firme quer o Shimeji e os maiores teores para todos os atributos bioquímicos analisados não diferiram entre os dois cogumelos, exceto para o teor de proteínas. A pesquisa de opinião indicou que mulheres jovens e adultas consomem mais cogumelos que os homens. A maioria deles adquire os cogumelos em supermercados, e são pessoas com escolaridade, majoritariamente, de nível superior. Não foi constatada significativa maior preferência dos consumidores por um dos dois cogumelos analisados, mas a maioria dos participantes relataram que na compra priorizam cogumelos com aroma e sabor característicos, textura macia e suculenta, e que permita rapidez no preparo de refeições.

ABSTRACT Mushroom production has been growing in Brazil due to the culinary versatility of this food and its high nutritional value. However, few studies associating the aspects of its quality with the profile and preference of its consumers can be found in literature. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the firmness and biochemical composition of Shimeji and Shitake, as well as, the consumers’ profile and preference for purchasing these mushrooms. The mushrooms were characterized by firmness, protein and lipid content, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and antioxidation activity. In addition we carried out a survey on opinion of 308 mushroom consumers. The two mushrooms contain high protein content and low lipid content, and also expressive concentrations of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, suitable for these demanding functional food consumers. Shitake is approximately 4 times firmer than Shimeji and the highest levels for all analyzed biochemical attributes did not differ between the two studied mushrooms, except for protein content. The opinion survey indicated that young and adult women consume more mushrooms than men. Most of them buy mushrooms in supermarkets, and they are mostly higher educated people. No significant higher consumer preference for one of the two mushrooms analyzed was verified; however, most participants reported that they prioritize mushrooms which have characteristic aroma and flavor, smooth and juicy texture, being a convenient ingredient for a quick-cooking meal.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to get an insight of Portuguese adult people concerns about returning to physical activity and sports practice at indoor sports facilities, after confinement due to COVID-19' pandemic. Subsequently, an additional approach to the traditional mitigation strategies was to be proposed. Methods: A total of 173 Portuguese practitioners on indoor physical activity or sports before pandemic participated in this study. A questionnaire asking how much concerned (1 - nothing, to 5 - completely) would they be on different contexts and aspects related to this return was applied. Results: respondents were considerably concerned about this theme, especially with touching on common surfaces and proximity to others. Although considerable concerned if having to travel by public transport to the training facility, using locker rooms and with features of the sports' practice itself, the former received the highest concerns. Additionally, we have suggested modifying some objects (or creating others) that may allow their use with body parts other than hands - an important contagion source - and exploiting the possibility of using intermediate instruments on objects and sports equipment manipulation, preventing users from touching their surfaces directly. Conclusion: touching on common surfaces and proximity to others revealed high degrees of concern on the return to indoor sports practice after confinement due to COVID-19 pandemic. Alongside the rules of personal distancing, respiratory etiquette and surfaces hygiene, it is suggested that sports practitioners, whenever possible, use alternative body parts and intermediate instruments that avoid direct contact of hands with surfaces and sport objects.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo obter uma visão das preocupações de adultos portugueses sobre o regresso à atividade física e à prática desportiva em instalações desportivas cobertas, após o confinamento devido à pandemia COVID-19. Subsequentemente, ir-se-ia propor uma abordagem adicional às estratégias tradicionais de mitigação. Métodos: Um total de 173 portugueses praticantes de atividade física ou desportiva em instalações desportivas cobertas antes da pandemia participaram no estudo. Todos preencheram um questionário informando o quão preocupados (1 - nada, para 5 - completamente) estariam em diferentes contextos e aspetos relacionados com este regresso. Resultados: os entrevistados estão consideravelmente preocupados com tocar em superfícies comuns e com a proximidade a outros utentes. Todos os contextos (uso de transporte público para o local de treino, balneários e caraterísticas da prática desportiva propriamente dita) receberam manifestações de preocupação considerável, com o primeiro a obter as maiores preocupações. Sugeriu-se modificar alguns objetos (ou criar outros) que possam permitir o seu uso com partes do corpo que não as mãos e explorar a possibilidade de usar instrumentos intermediários na manipulação de objetos e equipamentos desportivos, evitando, assim, tocar nas suas superfícies diretamente. Conclusão: tocar em superfícies comuns e proximidade de outros utentes induzem altos graus de preocupação no regresso à prática desportiva após as restrições provocadas pela COVID-19. Além das regras de distanciamento pessoal, etiqueta respiratória e higiene das superfícies, sugere-se que os praticantes, sempre que possível, utilizem partes alternativas do corpo e instrumentos intermediários que evitem o contacto direto das mãos com superfícies e objetos desportivos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo obtener una visión de las preocupaciones de adultos portugueses en lo que refiere al regreso a la actividad deportiva en instalaciones deportivas cubiertas, tras el confinamiento al que obligó la pandemia COVID-19. Posteriormente, se planteó un enfoque adicional a las estrategias tradicionales de mitigación. Métodos: han participado un total de 173 personas que solían practicar actividad deportiva en instalaciones deportivas cubiertas antes de la pandemia. Se aplicó un cuestionario en el que preguntó lo preocupados (1 - nada, a 5 - completamente) que estarían en diferentes aspectos relacionados con este regreso. Resultados: Los encuestados estaban extremadamente preocupados, especialmente por tocar superficies de uso común y por la proximidad con otros usuarios. Todos los contextos (desplazamiento en transporte público al lugar de entrenamiento, vestuarios y características de la práctica de la actividad propiamente dicha) fueron señaladas como grandes fuentes de preocupación, sobretodo en cuanto a la primera citada. Se propuso modificar algunos objetos (o crear otros) que permitan un uso con partes del cuerpo distintas de las manos y utilizar instrumentos intermediarios en la manipulación de objetos deportivos. Conclusión: tocar superficies de uso común y la proximidad de otros usuarios reveló altos grados de preocupación al regresar a la práctica deportiva después del confinamiento. Además del respeto de las reglas de distanciamiento personal, etiqueta respiratoria e higiene de superficies, se sugiere que los practicantes utilicen, en la medida de lo posible, partes corporales alternativas e instrumentos intermedios que eviten el contacto directo con superficies y objetos.

Abstract Airborne and ground magnetic and gravimetric maps provide important information about the spatial distribution of causative sources in the geological substrate. These sources normally have different physical properties and geometric shapes and are located at different depths, making it difficult to identify the geological features that correspond to the sources. Filtering and enhancement techniques can be used to highlight features in potential field anomalies (such as center and edges of sources). Also, these techniques remove associated noise, isolate shallow from deep sources, and estimate depths. We applied enhancement and depth estimation techniques in airborne and ground potential field data to delineate a subsurface structural framework of two copper occurrences (Victor Teixeira and Capão Grande) in the northwestern border of Camaquã Basin with the Sul-Riograndense Shield. Our results confirmed previously recognized structures and revealed an interconnected structural framework, which has an estimated depth of 170 m by Euler solutions. This configuration suggests a possible connection between the two mineralization outcrops, which are separated by a distance of 2,300 m.

Resumen Los mapas magnéticos y gravimétricos (aéreos y/o terrestres) suministran información importante sobre la distribución espacial de las fuentes del sustrato geológico, las cuales normalmente tienen propiedades físicas y geometrías diferentes. Estas fuentes también pueden estar localizadas a distintas profundidades, complicando la identificación de las correspondientes estructuras geológicas. Técnicas de filtrado y de realce de anomalías potenciales, pueden ser utilizadas para realzar ciertas características de interés (como el centro y el borde de las fuentes), para remover aquellas características asociadas a ruidos, para separar las anomalías de las fuentes superficiales y profundas, así como estimar sus profundidades. En este trabajo se analizan los resultados de la utilización de técnicas de realce y estimación de profundidad de las fuentes con datos geofísicos aéreos y terrestres potenciales, con el objetivo de delinear una imagen estructural del subsuelo en un área con dos ocurrencias de cobre en el límite noroeste, entre las rocas del Escudo Sul-Riograndense y la Cuenca del Camaquã. Los resultados confirman estructuras que han sido reconocidas previamente y revelan otras estructuras geológicas que integran una malla estructural interconectada, cuya profundidad, estimada por las soluciones de Euler, alcanzan los 170 m. Esta configuración sugiere una probable conexión entre las mineralizaciones de cobre observadas en los afloramientos, separados por un intervalo de 2,300 m.

RESUMO Racional: É incerto se há transferência natural de habilidades da cirurgia laparoscópica para a robótica. Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho e aprendizado de tarefas em plataforma robótica simulada em indivíduos com diferentes conhecimentos em cirurgia. Método: Três grupos de indivíduos foram testados quanto à habilidade robótica: a) especialistas em cirurgia laparoscópica (n=6); b) especialista em cirurgia convencional (n=6); e c) indivíduos não médicos. A idade variou em todo grupo entre 40-50 anos. Cinco repetições de quatro tarefas simuladas foram realizadas: visão espacial, coordenação bimanual, coordenação mão-pé-olho e destreza manual. Resultados: Especialistas em cirurgia laparoscópica tiveram desempenho semelhante aos indivíduos não médicos e melhor que os especialistas em cirurgia convencional em três das quatro tarefas. Todos os grupos melhoraram desempenho com repetições . Conclusão: Especialistas em cirurgia laparoscópica desempenharam melhor que os outros grupos, mas quase igualitariamente aos indivíduos não médicos. Especialista em cirurgia convencional apresentaram os piores resultados. Todos os grupos melhoraram com as repetições.

ABSTRACT Background: It is unclear if there is a natural transition from laparoscopic to robotic surgery with transfer of abilities. Aim: To measure the performance and learning of basic robotic tasks in a simulator of individuals with different surgical background. Methods: Three groups were tested for robotic dexterity: a) experts in laparoscopic surgery (n=6); b) experts in open surgery (n=6); and c) non-medical subjects (n=4). All individuals were aged between 40-50 years. Five repetitions of four different simulated tasks were performed: spatial vision, bimanual coordination, hand-foot-eye coordination and motor skill. Results: Experts in laparoscopic surgery performed similar to non-medical individuals and better than experts in open surgery in three out of four tasks. All groups improved performance with repetition. Conclusion: Experts in laparoscopic surgery performed better than other groups but almost equally to non-medical individuals. Experts in open surgery had worst results. All groups improved performance with repetition.

RESUMO Avaliações pré-clínicas sobre materiais osseosubstitutos sao frequentes na literatura, mas sao raras pesquisas sobre o panorama clínico de uso de enxertos ósseos e aceitação do mercado consumidor. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso odontológico de enxertos ósseos na percepção de dentistas da cidade de Sobral, Brasil. Foram entrevistados 183 profissionais e analisados dados profissionais, conhecimento temático, uso específico, relação custo-efetividade e biosseguranga. A maioria dos cirurgioes-dentistas exibiu até 10 anos na profissao, ausencia de especialização, porém familiaridade com a temática desde a graduação. As cerámicas, seguidas de compósitos, compu-seram as composições mais citadas. Apenas um quarto dos ci-rurgioes-dentistas já realizaram enxertos ósseos, em geral com realização de até 50 casos, com maior tendencia de aplicação em alvéolo dentário fresco, simultánea a implante dentário e para levantamento de seio maxilar. As origens autógena e xenó-gena tiveram maior destaque do que aloplástica e alógena, as cerámicas foram a composição mais usada e a associação do enxerto ósseo com membrana foi mais frequente do que enxerto ósseo sozinho ou associado á fibrina autóloga. A satisfação do profissional e paciente foi alta, o custo considerado moderado, havendo diferengas quanto a participação do paciente na escol-ha e no país de origem do produto, com maior uso no servigo privado do que no público. Os dentistas afirmaram seguirem a bula, que as complicações inflamatórias ou infecciosas estao relacionadas com a frequencia de procedimento realizado e se-guranga quanto á origem. Houve opiniao favorável ao uso de enxertos derivados de animais e desfavorável ao de cadáveres, havendo raros profissionais cadastrados em bancos de tecidos ósseos humanos. A boa aceitação para uso odontológico de enxertos ósseos em cidade do interior do Brasil configura um cenário promissor para o desenvolvimento do setor.

ABSTRACT Pre-clinical assessments of bone substitute materials are frequent in the literature, but research papers about the clinical situation of bone graft use and consumer market acceptance are rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental use of bone grafts according to the perception of dentists in the city of Sobral, Brazil. We interviewed 183 professionals and analyzed their professional data, knowledge of the subject, specific use, and opinions on cost-effectiveness and biosafety. Most of the respondents had 10 years ' or less experience in the profession, and lacked specialization though they had been familiar with the subject since they graduated. The most frequently mentioned compositions were ceramics, followed by composites. Only a quarter of the respondents had performed bone grafts, generally with up to 50 cases, with the most frequent applications being using simultaneously with a dental implant, fresh dental sockets and maxillary sinus lifting. Autogenous and xenogeneic grafts were more frequent than alloplastic and allogeneic; ceramics were the most frequently used composition, and the association of bone graft with membrane was more frequent than bone graft alone or associated with autologous fibrin. Professional and patient satisfaction was high, cost was considered moderate, and differences were found regarding patient participation in the choice and country of origin of the product. Bone grafts were used more often in the private than public service. Dentists stated that they follow the instructions. Inflammatory or infectious complications were found to be related to the frequency of the procedure performed and safety regarding the origin. Opinions were favorable regarding the use of grafts derived from animals and unfavorable to grafts derived from cadavers. Very few respondents were registered in human bone tissue banks. The good level of acceptance for dental use of bone grafts in a Brazilian inland city provides a promising scenario for the development of the sector.

RESUMO O manejo florestal na floresta tropical seca do Brasil expandiu em 450% nas duas últimas décadas; mas pouco se sabe da dinâmica nessas áreas. Assim, em uma área manejada para produção de carvão, objetivou-se avaliar se a recuperação dos estoques originais médios de biomassa (EOMB) é um critério consistente para definir ciclos de corte, além disso, determinou-se a biomassa remanescente e seu potencial de aporte de carbono ao solo. O estudo foi realizado no Assentamento Ramalhete, General Sampaio-CE, no ano de 2018. Determinou-se a biomassa arbustiva-arbórea explorável (BAAE) e o incremento médio anual (IMA) em cinco talhões submetidos ao corte raso há 3, 5, 8, 11 e 15 anos, e reserva legal (40 anos em regeneração). Em cada talhão foram instaladas sete parcelas (20,0 m x 20,0 m), totalizando 42 parcelas amostrais. Comparou-se a BAAE com a de projeto e calculou-se a biomassa remanescente (ramos, cepas e serapilheira) em um talhão recém explorado, a qual foi convertida para carbono orgânico. Quanto à biomassa remanescente, a ordem de maior potencial de aporte de carbono ao solo foi ramos > serapilheira > cepas. O aporte oriundo do componente ramos é superior ao da serapilheira em 3,4 vezes. A simples recuperação dos EOMB de um talhão após o corte raso não serve como critério para se definir um novo ciclo de corte, pois esses estoques originais não representam a máxima BAAE possível para essa área; sendo a biodiversidade e a presença de mais BAAE nas classes de maior diâmetro critérios mais adequados.

ABSTRACT Management of tropical dry forests in Brazil expanded 450% in the two latest decades; but little is known about the dynamics of these areas. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate if the recovery of mean original biomass stocks (MOBS) is a consistent criterion to define cut cycles in a managed forest for charcoal production, and determine the remaining biomass and its contribution to soil carbon stocks. The study was conducted at the Ramalhete Settlement, in General Sampaio, CE, Brazil, in 2018. The explorable shrubby-arboreous biomass (ESAB) and the ESAB mean annual increases (ESAB -MAI) were determined in five areas subjected to clearcutting after 3, 5, 8, 11, and 15 years, and in a preservation area with 40 years of regeneration. Each area was divided into seven plots (20 × 20 m), totaling 42 plots. The ESAB of the plots were compared and the remaining biomass (branches, stumps, and litterfall) in a recently explored area was calculated and converted into organic carbon. The remaining biomass of branches had higher contribution to soil carbon stocks, followed by the litterfall, and stumps. The carbon stocks of the branch component were 3.4-fold higher than those of the litterfall. The recovery of the MOBS of an area after clearcutting should not be used as a criterion to define the cut cycle, since these original carbon stocks do not represent the maximum ESAB production possible in the area; the biodiversity and amount of ESAB in the classes of larger diameter are more adequate criteria.

RESUMO Enquadramento: A sintomatologia musculosquelética afeta muitos indivíduos, independentemente da sua idade, sexo e contexto socioeconómico. Os estudantes de enfermagem, desde que iniciam a sua formação vivenciam condições de trabalho semelhantes às do enfermeiro, com a mesma exposição aos fatores que podem desencadear a sintomatologia musculosquelética. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores de risco da patologia musculosquelética nos estudantes do curso de licenciatura em enfermagem. Material e Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura, com pesquisa na plataforma EBSCOHost®, CINAHL, MEDLINE e BVS, no período de janeiro de 2010 a março 2019. Os descritores utilizados foram: (Students, nursing AND Musculoskeletal diseases OR Musculoskeletal disorders AND Prevalence). Resultados e Discussão: Obteve-se um total de nove artigos que cumprem os critérios estabelecidos. A sintomatologia que foi auto reportada pelos estudantes de enfermagem teve maior prevalência na região cervical, seguida pela região lombar e dorsal, punho, ombros e mãos. Destacam ainda que os estudantes apresentam sintomatologia musculoesquelética em, pelo menos, uma região corporal. Os parâmetros que mais contribuíram para esta questão foram o género feminino, idade, esforços repetitivos, movimentação manual de cargas, ansiedade e stress académico desde o primeiro ano. A maioria dos artigos sugere que os estudantes de enfermagem estão expostos, desde o início do curso, aos mesmos riscos que foram identificados nos enfermeiros. Conclusões: A taxa de prevalência e os fatores associados da sintomatologia musculosquelética identificados sugere a necessidade de uma intervenção nos estudantes de enfermagem logo desde o início do curso. É necessário capacitá-los com conhecimentos para a prevenção e minimização desta problemática que tem repercussões no seu futuro profissional e bem-estar geral. Só com a contribuição de vários agentes de saúde pública conseguiremos travar esta situação. Assim, sugere-se a utilização de estratégias de saúde ocupacional tais como a promoção de exercício físico, rastreios de saúde, gestão de ansiedade e stress, bem como melhorias das condições de sala de aula, de forma a contribuir para o bem-estar tanto a nível físico como mental destes estudantes e, posteriormente, de futuros enfermeiros.

ABSTRACT Background: Musculoskeletal symptoms affect many individuals regardless of gender, age and socioeconomic context. Early in their clinical training, nursing students experience working conditions similar to nurses, and are also exposed to the same situations and risks that can trigger musculoskeletal symptomatology. Objective: To identify the prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal symptomatology in undergraduate nursing students. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was performed in the following platforms: EBSCOHost®, CINAHL, MEDLINE and BVS, from January to March 2019. The descriptors used were: Students, Nursing AND Musculoskeletal diseases OR Musculoskeletal disorders AND Prevalence). Results and Discussion: Nine articles that met the established criteria were selected. The most frequently self-reported symptomatology was in the cervical and neck region followed by the lumbar and dorsal region, wrist, shoulders and hands. All articles underlined the fact that students report musculoskeletal symptoms in at least one of the body regions. Factors that contributed more often to this were repetitive efforts, manual handling tasks, gender, older age, anxiety and academic stress accumulated since the 1st year. Most studies suggested that nursing students are exposed to the same risks identified by nursing professionals. Conclusions: This study shows that the prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal symptomatology identified in nursing students must be minimized and prevented from the 1st year of the course. We need to provide students with the knowledge and strategies to tackle this problem and the repercussion it may have on their professional life and well-being. We only be able to cope with this situation by having the contribution of several public health agents. Therefore, it is suggested to use occupational health strategies such as promoting physical exercise, health screening, managing anxiety and stress and improving classroom conditions, in order to contribute to both mental and physical well-being of nursing students and, in the future, professional nurses.

ABSTRACT Residual biomass from grains has potential as an energetic source. Biomass composition determines this potential and is related to plant nutrition, which may vary according to soil fertility. The aim of this 23-year field study was to evaluate changes in chemical attributes of a Brazilian Oxisol and in the energetic potential of oat (Avena sativa L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) residual biomasses provided by tillage systems and fertilizer rates. The trial was performed since 1989, assessing soil chemical attributes in no-tillage (NT), conventional (CT), minimum (MT) and no-tillage plus chisel plough (NT+CP), with two fertilizer rates (normal and reduced, since 1994). Oat and soybean (2012/2013) residual biomasses were collected and analyzed by its elemental composition, higher heating value (HHV) and theoretical potential for electricity production. The NT system presented higher P-resin availability; NT and NT+CP provided higher OM and total P content on soil surface. Without appropriate amounts of K and P fertilizer, P-resin and P total contents diminished mainly in 0-0.1 m depth, while exchangeable, non-exchangeable and total K+ fractions were mined even in deeper layers (0-0.3 m). The better general fertility conditions were achieved by conservative tillage systems, with normal fertilizer rate. Soil fertility levels changed chemical composition of both biomasses but had no effect on biomass HHV. Considering a system with oat and soybean grain production plus residual biomasses for energetic exploitation, it could be possible to generate 2,941 GWh·year–1, while still achieving 70% residue coverage under no-tillage maintenance.

ABSTRACT Vermicomposted vegetal and animal residues are rich in nutrients and humic substances and thus can be applied to the soil as a source of functionalized organic matter (OM) and as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. In Southern Brazil, many animal and vegetal residues are easily accessible. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate alterations in soil chemical properties and OM chemical composition in response to the application of local vermicomposted residues. The vermicomposts of: cattle manure (CM), sheep manure (SM), rice parboiling sludge (PS), CM+PS; SM+PS; CM+food waste (FW); SM+FW; CM+fruit waste (FRW); and SM+FRW were mixed with Acrisol (Argissolo) samples collected at 0.00-0.20 m layer, and the samples were incubated in plastic bags for 182 days. Soil samples without vermicomposts were also incubated (control). Overall, vermicomposts increased soil pH(H2O), exchangeable Ca and available P and K contents. The treatments with CM or SM with FW promoted carbon accumulation in the soil compared to the control, especially as humin. The humic acids of SM and PS were more oxygenated than the others, and oxygenation was apparently associated with aromatic structures. Fulvic acids of CM+PS showed the greatest oxygenation and aliphatic character. The relationship between vermicompost origin (animal or vegetal) and soil properties or OM composition was not clear. Aromaticity degree (H/C) and C/N ratio were similar in fulvic and humic acids, and oxygenation degree (O/C) as well as polarity index [(O+N)/C] were more efficient parameters to distinguish these humic fractions. We concluded that vermicomposts derived from cheap and easily available vegetal and animal residues in Southern Brazil have great potential as alternative fertilizers as well as sources of functionalized OM when applied to the soil, especially vermicomposts of rice parboiling sludge and cattle or sheep manure mixed with food waste.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the structure and composition of native palm communities in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This study was carried out at “Parque Estadual da Serra Furada” (PAESF), a protected area located in southern state of Santa Catarina. A palm community survey was carried out in Dense Ombrophilous Forest in five 20 m × 100 m sampling units, totaling 1ha. All palm individuals were measured, totaling 11,183 plants, belonging to four genera and five species: Bactris setosa Mart., Euterpe edulis Mart., Geonoma gamiova Barb.Rodr., Geonoma schottiana Mart. and Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman. Euterpe edulis was the most common species, contributing the most to all phytosociological parameters; however, relatively few large individuals were found. Our study demonstrates the limitations of traditional forest surveys that ignore smaller diameter palm species and highlights the importance of the role of this group in the floristic diversity, ecosystem function, environmental services and carbon dynamics.

RESUMO O estudo foi conduzido em pomares comerciais de goiabeiras ‘Paluma’ e ‘Pedro Sato’, irrigados, que foram mapeados com GPS de navegação Garmin (Cx60). Houve a demarcação de 65 pontos de amostragem, demarcados em grade amostral de 21 x 21 m, sendo avaliadas a umidade gravimétrica e a resistência do solo à penetração (RSP), com auxílio de um penetrômetro automatizado, haste com cone tipo 3 com ângulo de 45º (RSP máximo de 15.100kPa). Os dados com distribuição não normal foram analisados por geoestatística e interpolação por krigagem ordinária. Os valores de RSP, onde ocorre o tráfego de máquinas, foi maior do que o avaliado na linha de plantio da cultura. Houve variabilidade espacial da RSP entre as camadas avaliadas, sendo que a camada entre 0,10-0,20 m, na linha do tráfego de máquinas, apresentou a maior RSP (>4000kPa).

ABSTRACT The study was conducted in irrigated commercial orchards of ‘Paluma’ and ‘Pedro Sato’ guavas, which were mapped with a Garmin GPS unit (Cx60). Sixty five sampling points were marked on a 21 x 21 m sampling grid. Gravimetric humidity and soil penetration resistance (SPR) were evaluated with the help of an automated penetrometer rod with a type 3 cone at a 45º angle (maximum SPR 15,100 kPa). Data with non-normal distribution were analyzed by geostatistics and interpolation by ordinary kriging. SPR values were higher where machine traffic occurs than on the lines where the crop is planted. There was spatial variability of the SPR among the layers evaluated, with the layer between 0.10-0.20 m, on the line of the machine traffic, presenting a higher SPR (>4000 kPa).

RESUMO Objetivo Disfunção cognitiva é comum em pacientes com esclerose múltipla. Por isto, a Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB–N) foi desenvolvida para avaliar as funções cognitivas mais frequentemente alteradas na doença. Entretanto, estão faltando dados normativos desta bateria no Brasil. Assim, nosso objetivo foi fornecer valores normativos contínuos e discretos da BRB–N para a população brasileira. Métodos Foram recrutados 285 indivíduos sadios da comunidade em 10 centros do Brasil e aplicada a versão A em 237 e a versão B em 48 sujeitos. Normas contínuas foram calculadas com análise de regressão múltipla. Resultados Escores brutos médios e 5°percentil para cada subteste são fornecidos, estratificados por idade e nível educacional. Os escores brutos dos sujeitos sadios foram convertidos em escores de escalas e postos em regressão quanto a idade, sexo e educação, fornecendo equações que podem ser usadas para calcular escores previsíveis. Conclusão Nossos dados normativos permitem um uso mais amplo da BRB–N na prática clínica e na pesquisa, fornecendo normas para dados discretos e contínuos. Normas para dados discretos deveriam ser usadas com cuidado e escores demograficamente ajustados são geralmente preferidos quando interpretando dados neuropsicológicos.

ABSTRACT Objective Cognitive dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis. The Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB–N) was developed to assess cognitive functions most–frequently impaired in multiple sclerosis. However, normative values are lacking in Brazil. Therefore, we aimed to provide continuous and discrete normative values for the BRB–N in a Brazilian population sample. Methods We recruited 285 healthy individuals from the community at 10 Brazilian sites and applied the BRB–N version A in 237 participants and version B in 48 participants. Continuous norms were calculated with multiple–regression analysis. Results Mean raw scores and the 5th percentile for each neuropsychological measure are provided, stratified by age and educational level. Healthy participants' raw scores were converted to scaled scores, which were regressed on age, sex and education, yielding equations that can be used to calculate predicted scores. Conclusion Our normative data allow a more widespread use of the BRB–N in clinical practice and research.