Abstract Ramsay-Hunt syndrome is an infectious disease associated with the varicella-zoster virus, and peripheral facial palsy is often one of its clinical manifestations. This case report describes a patient diagnosed with Ramsay-Hunt syndrome who developed peripheral facial palsy and was treated by photobiomodulation therapy. A 26-year-old woman developed a lack of facial mobility on the right side, asymmetry, otalgia, dysgeusia, and dry eyes, leading to the diagnosis of Ramsay-Hunt syndrome. Her peripheral facial palsy was classified as moderately severe according to the House-Brackmann scale. Acyclovir, prednisone, and physiotherapy sessions were prescribed to manage peripheral facial palsy. In the absence of a clinical response to the proposed therapies, photobiomodulation therapy was employed using the parameters: 780 nm, 100 mW, 3 J/point, and 30.48 J/cm2. After five sessions of photobiomodulation therapy, complete recovery of facial movement was observed. Photobiomodulation therapy treated peripheral facial palsy effectively, allowing a fast recovery and avoiding irreversible sequelae in a patient with Ramsay-Hunt syndrome.

Resumo A síndrome de Ramsay Hunt é uma doença infeciosa associada ao vírus varicela zoster e a paralisia facial periférica é frequentemente uma das suas manifestações clínicas. Este relato de caso descreve uma paciente com diagnóstico de síndrome de Ramsay Hunt que desenvolveu paralisia facial periférica e foi tratada com fotobiomodulação. Uma mulher de 26 anos desenvolveu falta de mobilidade facial do lado direito, assimetria, otalgia, disgeusia e olhos secos, levando ao diagnóstico de síndrome de Ramsay Hunt. A paralisia facial periférica foi classificada como moderadamente grave de acordo com a escala de House Brackmann. Foram prescritos aciclovir e prednisona, além de sessões de fisioterapia para manipulação da paralisia facial periférica. Na ausência de resposta clínica às terapias propostas, foi empregada fotobiomodulação nos parâmetros: 780 nm, 100 mW, 3 J/ponto e 30,48 J/cm2. Após cinco sessões de fotobiomodulação, foi observada uma recuperação completa do movimento facial. A fotobiomodulação foi eficaz no tratamento da paralisia facial periférica, permitindo uma rápida recuperação e evitando sequelas irreversíveis numa paciente com síndrome de Ramsay Hunt.

Resumo As opções limitadas para reparo ósseo levaram ao desenvolvimento de abrangente pesquisa na área de enxertos aloplásticos e xenogênicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o reparo ósseo com dois substitutos ósseos: osso bovino desproteinizado (DBB) e cerâmica fosfática de cálcio bifásica (BCP) em defeito de tamanho crítico. Material e métodos: defeitos críticos de 8 mm foram feitos nos ossos parietais de coelhos (n=12). Os animais foram divididos em três grupos experimentais: sham (defeito preenchido com coágulo sanguíneo), DBB (defeito preenchido com DBB) e BCP (defeito preenchido com BCP). Após os períodos experimentais de 15 e 45 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e submetidos à análise histomorfométrica. Foram avaliadas a área total de defeitos, área de tecidos mineralizados, área de biomateriais e área de tecidos moles. Resultados: maior quantidade de tecido ósseo imaturo e de partículas de biomaterial foram observados no grupo BCP em comparação aos grupos DBB e sham aos 45 dias (p<0,05). Não houve diferença no padrão qualitativo de deposição óssea entre DBB e BCP. Ainda, o grupo sham não apresentou ilhas osteóides ao longo do defeito, apresentando maior quantidade de fibras colágenas em relação aos grupos DBB e BCP. Houve maior quantidade de células inflamatórias no DBB aos 45 dias em comparação aos grupos BCP e sham. Conclusões: BCP e DBB são opções para otimizar o uso de enxertos ósseos na reabilitação de pacientes. Defeitos ósseos tratados com BCP mostraram maior deposição de tecido ósseo aos 45 dias.

Abstract The limited options for bone repair have led to an extensive research of the field and the development of alloplastic and xenogeneic grafts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone repair with two bone substitutes: deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) and biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic (BCP) in critical-size defect. A total of 8-mm defects were made in the parietal bones of rabbits (n=12). The animals were divided into three experimental groups: sham (defect filled with a blood clot), DBB (defect filled with DBB), and BCP (defect filled with BCP). After the experimental periods of 15 and 45 days, the animals were euthanized and submitted to histomorphometric analysis. The total defect area, mineralized tissue area, biomaterial area, and soft tissue area were evaluated. A greater amount of immature bone tissue and biomaterial particles were observed in the BCP group compared to DBB and sham at 45 days (p<0.05). There was no difference in the qualitative pattern of bone deposition between DBB and BCP. However, the sham group did not show osteoid islands along with the defect, presenting a greater amount of collagen fibers as well in relation to the DBB and BCP groups. There was a greater number of inflammatory cells in the DBB at 45 days compared to BCP and sham groups. In conclusion, BCP and DBB are options for optimizing the use of bone grafts for maxillofacial rehabilitation. Bone defects treated with BCP showed greater deposition of bone tissue at 45 days.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da sepse aguda no ligamento periodontal, osso alveolar e osso da furca por meio de análise histológica e imunohistoquímica. O modelo de sepse em ratos foi estabelecido pelo procedimento de ligação e perfuração do ceco (CLP). Doze ratos foram divididos de forma randomizada em ratos sépticos (n=6) e controle - grupo Sham (n=6). Os animais foram eutanasiados após 24 horas e suas hemimandíbulas foram submetidas aos procedimentos histotécnicos para análise histomorfométricos (matriz óssea, fibras colágenas, fibroblastos, osteócitos, células inflamatórias e vasos sanguíneos) e imunohistoquímicos (BMP-2/4, RANKL e osteocalcina) no osso alveolar, osso de furca e ligamento periodontal. Nossos resultados demonstraram que os parâmetros histomorfométricos foram similares no osso alveolar, osso de furca e ligamento periodontal dos animais do grupo sepse e do grupo Sham. Em relação à análise por imunohistoquímica, o número de células imunomarcadas para BMP-2/4 e RANKL também foi similar em ambos os grupos. Entretanto, houve redução (p=0.0014) no número de células imunomarcadas para osteocalcina no ligamento periodontal de ratos sépticos em relação ao grupo Sham. Como conclusão, o estabelecimento de sepse aguda resultou em um número reduzido de células imunomarcadas para osteocalcina na região do ligamento periodontal (p=0,0014). Além disso, não foram observadas diferenças histológicas significativas no periodonto de ratos na presença de sepse aguda. Considerando o papel da osteocalcina na remodelação óssea, este estudo contribui para revelar a importância da avaliação periodontal cuidadosa na presença de sepse.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute sepsis in the periodontal ligament, alveolar and furcation bone in absence of periodontitis induction through histological and immunohistochemical analyses. A septic rat model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Twelve rats were randomly divided into CLP (n=6) and Sham (n=6) groups. The animals were euthanized at 24 h and hemimandibles were submitted to histomorfometric (bone matrix, collagenous fibers, fibroblasts, osteocytes, inflammatory cells, and blood vessels) and immunohistochemical (BMP-2/4, RANKL and osteocalcin) evaluation in alveolar bone, furcation bone and periodontal ligament. Our results demonstrated that histomorphometric parameters were similar in alveolar bone, furcation bone and periodontal ligament of Sham and CLP rats. Regarding to immunohistochemical analyses, the number of BMP-2/4 and RANKL immunolabeled cells was also similar in both groups. Furthermore, it was detected a reduction in the osteocalcin immunolabeled cells in periodontal ligaments of CLP compared to Sham rats (p=0.0014). In conclusion, the acute sepsis induction resulted in reduced number of osteocalcin labelled cells in periodontal ligament region. Moreover, no significant histological differences were observed in the periodontium of rats under acute sepsis. Considering the role of osteocalcin in bone remodeling, the study contributes to revealing the importance of careful periodontal evaluation in the presence of sepsis.

Abstract Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells distributed in all tissues and characterized by adherence, morphology, immunophenotype and trilineage differentiation potential. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize adherent MSC-like populations from different tissues of Ctenomys minutus, a threatened wildlife rodent popularly known as tuco-tuco. Adherent cells were isolated from bone marrow, brain, liver, pancreas and adipose tissue of three adult animals collect in southern Brazil. Cultures showed typical morphology and proliferation potential. Adipose-derived MSCs showed trilineage potential. Cultures derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow and brain were immunophenotyped with negative results for CD31, CD44, CD45, CD106, and MHC class II, as well as strong positive results for CD29. Low fluorescence levels were seen for CD49d, CD90.2 and CD117. Cultures were negative for CD49e, except for brain-derived cultures that were weakly positive. CD11b was negative in adipose-derived MSCs, but positive in brain and bone marrow-derived cultures. The scratch assay showed high migration potential for pancreas and adipose tissue-derived cells. This study represents the first report of isolation and characterization of cultures having characteristics of MSCs from Ctenomys minutus. The collection of biological information for biobanks represents an important contribution to the creation of strategies for prevention of loss of genetic diversity.

Cistos ósseos uniloculares são as entidades mais comuns que afetam a região maxilofacial. O mecanismo de proliferação e expansão permanece obscuro. As metaloproteinases (MMPs) estão associadas a diversas condições patológicas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi correlacionar o aspecto radiográfico (área) e a presença de MMP-2 e MMP-9 em cistos dentígeros, cistos radiculares e tumores odontogênicos queratocísticos. A área radiográfica de cada lesão foi calculada usando a fórmula matemática da área de elipse. Todas as amostras foram submetidas à análise imunoistoquímica para estas enzimas. A área radiográfica média foi de 284,17 mm2, 235,81 mm2 e 381,81 mm2, respectivamente. As análises estatísticas não mostraram associação entre a imunorreatividade de MMPs e área radiográfica das lesões em todas as patologias estudadas, exceto para MMP-2 e cistos radiculares, nas quais as lesões menores tinham maior imunomarcação para esta enzima. Os resultados demonstraram que a quantidade de imunomarcação da MMP-2 e MMP-9 estão envolvidos com cistos dentígeros e radiculares na expansão óssea, ao passo que estas enzimas parecem estar relacionados com o comportamento biológico dos tumores odontogénicos queratocísticos, indicando invasão e proliferação celular. Além disso, há uma relação inversa entre a MMP-2 e MMP-9 em tumores odontogénicos queratocísticos (p=0,03; rs= -0,660), indicando atividade em diferentes regiões.

Unilocular bone cysts are the most common entities affecting the maxillofacial region. The mechanism of proliferation and expansion remains unclear. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated to diverse pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to correlate the radiographic aspect (area) and the presence of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in dentigerous cysts, radicular cysts and keratocystic odontogenic tumors. The radiographic area of each lesion was calculated using the mathematical formula of the ellipse area. All specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for these enzymes. The average radiographic area was 284.17 mm2, 235.81 mm2 and 381.81 mm2, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed no association between the immunoreactivity of MMPs and radiographic area of the lesions in all pathologies studied, except for MMP-2 and radicular cysts, for which smaller lesions had increased immunostaining for this enzyme. The results demonstrate that quantities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 are especially involved with dentigerous and radicular cysts in expansion, whereas these enzymes seem to be related to the biological behavior of keratocystic odontogenic tumors, indicating invasion and cell proliferation. Moreover, there is an inverse association between MMP-2 and MMP-9 in keratocystic odontogenic tumors (p=0.03; rs=-0.660), indicating activity in different regions.

Este estudo avaliou a imunoexpressão da osteocalcina no reparo ósseo de defeitos críticos tratados com tecido adiposo subcutâneo em rato e coelho. Foram utilizados 14 ratos e 14 coelhos. Um defeito crítico foi realizado na calvária de cada animal. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos experimentais: CR (controle rato), CC (controle coelho), TAR (tecido adiposo do rato), TAC (tecido adiposo do coelho). Nos grupos CR e CC, o defeito foi preenchido com coágulo. Nos grupos TAR e TAC, o defeito foi preenchido com tecido adiposo subcutâneo macerado. A eutanásia dos grupos CR e TAR ocorreu com 30 dias e dos grupos CC e TAC com 40 dias. Foram realizadas análise histológica e imunoistoquímica com a proteína osteocalcina. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva (moda). Nos modelos experimentais foi observada a imunoexpressão de osteocalcina. Contudo, o TAC apresentou maior imunoexpressão entre os adipócitos quando comparado ao TAR. Nos grupos CR e CC a ferida cirúrgica foi preenchida por fibras colágenas. No grupo TAR foi observado o preenchimento por fibras colágenas e presença de adipócitos no interior deste tecido. No grupo TAC o defeito foi preenchido parcialmente por fibras colágenas, com presença de adipócitos dispersos entre as fibras. Além disso, foi observado processo inflamatório crônico e sinais de neoformação óssea. Conclui-se que em ambos os modelos animais o enxerto de tecido adiposo apresentou baixa capacidade osteogênica. Contudo, o modelo animal coelho apresentou uma imunoexpressão da osteocalcina mais evidente e maior quantidade de matriz óssea neoformada.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteocalcin immunoexpression during the bone repair treated with subcutaneous adipose tissue in rats and rabbits. Fourteen rats and 14 rabbits were used in the study. A critical-sized calvarial defect was created in each animal. The animals were divided into 4 experimental groups: RC (rat control), RbC (rabbit control), RAT (rat adipose tissue), RbAT (rabbit adipose tissue). In the groups RC and RbC the defect was filled with a blood clot. In groups RAT and RbAT, the defect was filled with macerated subcutaneous adipose tissue. The euthanasia was performed at 30 days (RC and RAT) and 40 days (RbC and RbAT). Histological analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of osteocalcin protein expression were performed. Data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis (mode). Osteocalcin immunoexpression was detected in the experimental models. Notwithstanding, RbAT showed higher positivity, especially in the adipocytes, than the group RAT group. In groups RC and RbC, the surgical wound was filled by collagen fibers. In Group RAT, the defect was composed by collagen fibers and adipocytes in the reparative sites. Similarly, in RbAT, the defect also was partially filled by collagen fibers and presence of adipocytes dispersed among the fibers. Additionally, chronic inflammatory process and areas of bone matrix deposition were observed. It may be concluded that in both animal models the adipose tissue demonstrated low osteogenic capacity. However, the rabbit animal model exhibited a more evident osteocalcin immunoexpression and a greater amount of newly formed bone matrix.

The objective of this study was to classify the morphology of bifid mandibular canals and to evaluate their relationship with the roots of third molars, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. The CBCT scans of 75 patients were analyzed and the bifurcations were classified according to Langlais et al. (1985). The relationship of bifurcation and third molars was established according to the following classification: class A - uninvolved, class B - close relationship, class C - intimate relationship and class D - absence of third molars. Data were submitted to descriptive statistics, and the results indicated that the patients' mean age was 48.2 (± 13.2) years. Unilateral bifurcation (Type 1) was the most frequent type (72.6%), followed by unilateral Type 2 (19.3%). Class D was the most frequent (57.33%), followed by class C (21.33%), class B (13.33%) and class A (8%). It could be concluded that most cases presented unilateral bifid mandibular canals extending to the third molar or adjacent regions, and when present, the roots seemed to be a continuation of the bifid mandibular canal

O estudo objetivou investigar a liberação in vitro de galactomanana (GM) em distintas espécies patogênicas de fungos do gênero Aspergillus. Grande variabilidade foi detectada tanto intra quanto inter espécies, sendo as cepas da espécie A. terreus relacionadas aos maiores índices de GM detectados. O significado in vivo destes achados permanece em aberto, porém merece investigação.

Here we investigate the extent to which different Aspergillus species release galactomannan (GM) in vitro. Marked variability was observed in GM reactivity between and within Aspergillus species, with A. terreus strains showing the highest GM indexes. The in vivo significance of these findings remains to be determined.

Sialocele is a subcutaneous cavity containing saliva, caused by trauma or infection in the parotid gland parenchyma, laceration of the parotid duct or ductal stenosis with subsequent dilatation. It is characterized by an asymptomatic soft and mobile swelling on the parotid region. Imaging studies are useful and help establishing the diagnosis, such as sialography, ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. This paper describes a recurrent case of a parotid sialocele in a young female patient. She presented a 6 cm x 5 cm swelling on the left parotid region. The ultrasonographic scan of the area revealed a hypoechoic ovoid well defined image suggesting a cyst. A sialography of the left parotid showed a cavitary sialectasia in a panoramic and anteroposterior view. A conservative management was adopted by percutaneous needle aspiration of the swelling, which was useful to provide material for analysis and helped healing. Dentists should be aware of this pathology and the importance in adopting a conservative treatment whenever it is possible.