Abstract Drag crisis has been described as a drop in the drag coefficient (Cd). This procedure was lately assessed in able-bodied cyclists in time trial position by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the phenomenon of the drag crisis by computer fluid dynamics in transradial and transtibial amputee cyclists in the upright position. A male elite-level cyclist was recruited for this research. The subject was scanned (3D geometry with a 3D Scan) with his competition bicycle, helmet, suit, and shoes. Consequently, transradial and transtibial 3D models were created editing the able-bodied 3D model. To perform the CFD analyses, a domain measuring 7 x 2.5 x 2.5 m (length, width and height, respectively) was created around each bicycle-cyclist model. The domains were meshed with more than 42 million elements. Numerical simulations by CFD were performed in fluent numerical for speeds between 1 m/s and 13 m/s, with increments of 1 m/s. The total Cd decreased with speed. It ranged from 0.84 to 0.55 in the able-bodied, 0.86 to 0.64 in the transradial and 0.90 to 0.61 in the transtibial. The drag crisis phenomenon was observed between 1m/s and 4m/s in all models.

Abstract Background Flexibility is crucial to the harmonious execution of joint movements. While skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with HTLV-1 can interfere with mobility, it is unclear whether these patients experience reduced flexibility. Objective To evaluate the differences in flexibility between HTLV-1-infected individuals with and without myelopathy compared with uninfected controls. We also investigated whether age, sex, body mass index (BMI), physical activity level, or lower back pain influence flexibility in HTLV-1-infected individuals. Methods The sample consisted of 56 adults, of which 15 did not have HTLV-1, 15 had HTLV-1 without myelopathy, and 26 had TSP/HAM. Their flexibility was assessed using the sit-and-reach test and a pendulum fleximeter. Results No differences in flexibility were observed between the groups with and without myelopathy and controls without HTLV-1 infection using the sit-and-reach test. The pendulum fleximeter results of individuals with TSP/HAM presented the lowest flexibility among the groups with respect to trunk flexion, hip flexion and extension, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion, even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, level of physical activity, and lower back pain using multiple linear regression models. Additionally, HTLV-1-infected individuals without myelopathy demonstrated reduced flexibility in movements: knee flexion, dorsiflexion, and ankle plantar flexion. Conclusions Individuals with TSP/HAM demonstrated reduced flexibility in most of the movements evaluated by the pendulum fleximeter. Additionally, HTLV-1-infected individuals without myelopathy demonstrated reduced knee and ankle flexibility, potentially representing a marker of myelopathic development.

Resumo Antecedentes A flexibilidade é fundamental para a execução harmoniosa dos movimentos articulares. Embora a disfunção do músculo esquelético em pacientes com HTLV-1 possa interferir na mobilidade, não está claro se esses pacientes apresentam flexibilidade reduzida. Objetivo Avaliar as diferenças de flexibilidade entre os indivíduos infectados com e sem mielopatia e o grupo controle sem infecção HTLV-1. Também investigamos se idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal (IMC), nível de atividade física ou dor lombar influenciam a flexibilidade em indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1. Métodos A amostra foi composta por 56 adultos, dos quais 15 não possuíam HTLV-1, 15 possuíam HTLV-1 sem mielopatia e 26 possuíam TSP/HAM. A flexibilidade foi avaliada por meio do teste de sentar e alcançar e do flexímetro de pêndulo. Resultados Não foram observadas diferenças na flexibilidade entre os grupos com e sem mielopatia no teste de sentar e alcançar. Os resultados do flexímetro pendular dos indivíduos com TSP/HAM apresentaram a menor flexibilidade entre os grupos em relação à flexão do tronco, flexão e extensão do quadril, flexão do joelho e dorsiflexão do tornozelo, mesmo após ajuste para idade, sexo, IMC, nível de atividade física e dor lombar usando modelos de regressão múltipla linear. Além disso, os indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1 sem mielopatia demonstraram redução da flexibilidade nos movimentos de flexão do joelho, dorsiflexão e flexão plantar do tornozelo. Conclusão Indivíduos com TSP/HAM demonstraram redução da flexibilidade na maioria dos movimentos avaliados pelo flexímetro pendular. Além disso, indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1 sem mielopatia demonstraram redução da flexibilidade do joelho e tornozelo, representando potencialmente um marcador de desenvolvimento mielopático.

RESUMO No Brasil para conservar o solo e a água faz-se necessário a adoção do pacote tecnológico da agricultura conservacionista, em conjunto com o plantio em nível e o uso dos terraços agrícolas. Porém pouco se sabe sobre a percepção e o nível de adoção dessas práticas pelos agricultores. Neste contexto, o objetivo do estudo foi verificar a percepção e o nível de adoção de práticas de conservação do solo e da água por agricultores, em áreas agrícolas com culturas anuais, o objetivo do estudo foi verificar a percepção e o nível de adoção de práticas de conservação do solo e da água por agricultores, em áreas agrícolas com culturas anuais, em uma bacia hidrográfica; além de analisar a relação entre a adoção destas práticas e as características socioeconômicas destes agricultores. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa do tipo survey junto a agricultores da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Vermelho, no sul do Brasil. Com base nos resultados, verificou-se que a grande maioria dos agricultores tem percepção adequada acerca do uso das práticas de conservação do solo e da água. A manutenção da produtividade foi apontada como principal motivo para se conservar o solo e a água, enquanto que a redução de custo de produção e o controle da erosão aparecem como motivos secundários. O uso dos terraços agrícolas e o plantio direto foram as práticas mais adotadas pelos agricultores, e a rotação de culturas foi a menos adotada. Cerca de 78,3% dos proprietários de terra e 50% dos arrendatários adotaram o plantio direto. Porém, apenas 26,8% dos agricultores adotaram a agricultura conservacionista. No geral, verificou-se que a maioria dos agricultores adota medidas conservacionistas, mas de forma parcial, que podem não ser suficientes para garantir a conservação do solo e a da água. A conscientização sobre a conservação do solo e da água precisa ser melhorada.

ABSTRACT In Brazil, to conserve soil and water, the adoption of a complete array of conservation agriculture technologies in conjunction with contour farming and agricultural terraces is necessary. However, there is little knowledge about the awareness and adoption level of conservationist practices by farmers. In this context, the objective of the study, which took place in a watershed containing agricultural areas dominated by annual crops, was to verify farmers’ perception and adoption level of soil and water conservation practices and the relationship between their adoption level of conservation practices and their socioeconomic characteristics. For this purpose, a survey was carried out with farmers in the Rio Vermelho watershed in southern Brazil. It was found that the majority of farmers have adequate awareness about the use of soil and water conservation practices. Maintaining productivity was identified as the main reason to conserve soil and water, while reducing production costs and controlling erosion stood out as secondary reasons. Agricultural terraces and no-tillage were the most adopted practices by farmers. No-tillage was implemented by approximately 78.3% of landowners and 50% of tenants. However, only 26.8% of farmers adopted conservation agriculture. Overall, most farmers adopt conservationist practices, but in a partial manner, which may not be sufficient to ensure soil and water conservation. Awareness of soil and water conservation needs to be further improved.

ABSTRACT The choice of floor type within the animal production system is an important factor, as it is associated with a high incidence of changes in locomotion, hoof injuries and herd disposal, which has led producers to modify the type of flooring for more comfortable, durable and dry materials, such as rubber, however, the raw material makes the investment very high. Because polymeric waste is potentially recyclable and has good thermal and mechanical properties, it is feasible to develop research aimed at characterizing them in order to verify their feasibility of application as flooring for animal production installations. The present research analyzed the combination between the EVA residue and the regenerated rubber from tires, where samples were produced in 4 different concentrations: 0, 25, 50 and 75% of regenerated rubber. The samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and submitted to tensile, permanent deformation under compression, abrasion and hardness tests. The sample with 75% showed greater softness and less residual deformation, which is a positive effect due to the reduction of stiffness due to the insertion of rubber in the compounds. However, due to the incompatibility of the blends and a significant decline in the mechanical properties, the sample without regenerated rubber has a greater potential for recycling and application for which the research aimed for. It is estimated that the property improvement can be achieved with the use of a compatibilizing agent that favors the adhesion between the materials.

RESUMO A escolha do tipo de piso dentro do sistema de produção animal é um fator importante, já que está associado a grande incidência de alterações na locomoção, lesões de cascos e descarte de rebanho, o que tem levado aos produtores modificar o tipo de piso por materiais mais confortáveis, duráveis e secos, como é o caso dos emborrachado, no entanto, a matéria-prima torna o investimento muito alto. Devido os resíduos poliméricos serem potencialmente recicláveis, apresentar boas propriedades térmicas e mecânicas, torna-se viável o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que visem caracteriza-los de modo a verificar sua viabilidade de aplicação como piso para instalação de produção animal. A presente pesquisa analisou a combinação entre o resíduo de EVA e a borracha regenerada oriunda de pneus, onde foram produzidas amostras em 4 diferentes concentrações: 0, 25, 50 e 75% de borracha regenerada. As amostras foram analisadas através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura e submetida a testes de tração, deformação permanente à compressão, abrasão e dureza. A amostra com 75% apresentou maior maciez e menor deformação residual, sendo este um efeito positivo devido a redução da rigidez devido a inserção de borracha aos compostos, no entanto, devido a incompatibilidade das blendas e declínio significativo das propriedades mecânicas analisadas, a amostra sem borracha regenerada apresenta melhor potencial de reciclagem e de aplicação a qual a pesquisa a destina. Estima-se que a melhoria de propriedade pode ser alcançada com uso de agente compatibilizante que favoreça a adesão entre os materiais.

ABSTRACT This study is a historical overview of land governance initiatives implemented in Parana state, Brazil, since the 1970s, ranging from the work carried out by research institutes to government-sponsored programs. These initiatives encouraged the development of technologies and farmers’ widespread adoption of conservation practices. Furthermore, they highlight the factors that brought soil and water conservation to the forefront in discussions on agriculture. This bibliographic review was based on information in research papers and programs developed in Parana. We show that extensive work on management planning and natural resource conservation was undertaken in Parana to strengthen soil governance. The initiatives implemented in watersheds and the development of the no-tillage system represent considerable achievements. However, it was not always that straightforward. As time progressed, the false perception – mainly among farmers – that the erosion problem had been solved led many farmers to neglect soil conservation practices, and in some cases, to abandon agricultural terracing, contour farming, and crop rotation. This resulted in a resurgence of problems related to environmental degradation, aggravating erosion and causing losses of soil and water, with the concomitant environmental damage. In this regard, we describe the means deployed in a new strategy to stimulate a resurgence of effective soil governance based on public policies and public-private partnerships to promote soil and water conservation.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo é oferecer um resgate histórico do conjunto de ações em governança do solo implementados no estado do Paraná, desde a década de 1970, que vão dos trabalhos desenvolvidos pelos institutos de pesquisa, aos programas governamentais. São ações que possibilitaram o desenvolvimento de tecnologias e a ampla adoção de práticas conservacionistas pelos produtores. Além de indicar os fatores que deram base para a retomada das discussões, em período recente, sobre conservação do solo e da água. Como fontes de informações foram utilizados relatórios de pesquisa e dos programas desenvolvidos no Paraná, empregando o método de revisão histórico-bibliográfica. Verificou-se que foi executado um amplo trabalho de planificação de uso, manejo e conservação dos recursos naturais no Paraná, denotando a construção de uma governança forte em solo e água. Destacam-se no Paraná as ações realizadas em microbacias hidrográficas, pelo pioneirismo do seu enfoque, duração e dimensões, e o desenvolvimento do Sistema Plantio Direto. Contudo, nem tudo foi sempre linear nessa evolução, uma vez que com o passar do tempo foi se constituindo a falsa percepção – principalmente entre os produtores – de que o problema da erosão já estava solucionado. Em consequência disso, muitos agricultores passaram a negligenciar práticas de conservação do solo com uso de terraços, o abandono das operações agrícolas em nível, bem como a rotação de culturas. Tais condutas reavivaram problemas conhecidos e graves de degradação, acentuando os processos de perdas de solo e água pela erosão, e seus prejuízos associados. Neste contexto, descreve-se os instrumentos que estão sendo utilizados em uma nova estratégia paranaense para a retomada de uma efetiva governança do solo, por meio de políticas públicas e de parcerias público-privadas na promoção da conservação de solos e água.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Transfusion of red blood cells is recurrent in cardiac surgery despite the well-established deleterious effects. Identifying patients with higher chances of requiring blood transfusion is essential to apply strategic preventive measures to reduce such chances, considering the restricted availability of this product. The most used risk scores to predict blood transfusion are the Transfusion Risk and Clinical Knowledge (TRACK) and Transfusion Risk Understanding Scoring Tool (TRUST). However, these scores were not validated for the Brazilian population. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of TRACK and TRUST scores in estimating the need for postoperative transfusion of red blood cell concentrates (TRBCC) after cardiac surgery. Methods: A clinical retrospective study was conducted using the database of a Brazilian reference service composed of patients operated between November 2019 and September 2021. Scores were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test assessed calibration of the scores. Accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). All analyses considered a level of significance of 5%. The study was approved by the research ethics committee (CAAE 55577421.4.0000.5201). Results: This study assessed 498 patients. Only the TRACK score presented good calibration (P=0.238; TRUST P=0.034). AUC of TRACK was 0.678 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 0.73; P<0.001), showing a significant accuracy. Conclusion: Between the scores analyzed, only the TRACK score showed a good calibration, but low accuracy, to predict postoperative TRBCC after cardiac surgery.

Abstract It is common to observe residences with a high number of pathologies related to differential settlements in the municipality of Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Motivated by this perspective the first Geotechnical Engineering Experimental Field was implemented in the municipality. Standard penetration test and cone penetration test was conducted to characterize the subsoil and execute 17 excavated piles: nine compression piles and eight reaction piles. This technical note presents and discusses the results of the geotechnical load capacity obtained with the static load test in three different pile conditions: conventional piles, floating piles, and reinforced piles by inserting a crushed stone layer compacted at the bottom of the drilling. The piles evaluated have a length of 3 m and a diameter of 30 cm. The piles are immersed in a layer of unsaturated laterite soil. Conventional piles are extensively executed in the municipality due to the limited equipment of the companies offering this service. In summary, the piles presented low bearing capacity, however, the reinforced piles proved to be a viable alternative in terms of increased resistance. The conventional piles presented low load capacity and significant settlements. The insertion of the reinforcement at the tip of the pile resulted in a resistance gain in the range of 31%. The study of floating piles was important to understand the behavior of the pile base. This technical note will enable the geotechnical understanding for future researchers or designers who will work with this soil condition in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

ABSTRACT Background: classical models of microsurgical anastomosis training are expensive and have ethical implications. Some alternatives join low cost and easiness to store. However, the translation of knowledge acquired by training in these methods into the traditional ones is not clear. This project aims to assess the feasibility of konjac noodles as a reliable microsurgery-training model. Methods: 10 neurosurgery residents performed an end-to-end anastomosis in a 2-3mm placenta artery. The anastomoses were evaluated quantitatively, recording time; and qualitatively, applying a validated score (Anastomosis Lapse Index - ALI) by three experienced neurosurgeons and verifying the presence of gross leakage through the infusion of fluorescein. Subsequently, they performed 10 non-consecutive sessions of anastomosis training in the konjac noodle. Eventually, a final anastomosis in the placenta model was performed and the same parameters were scored. Results: we observed a 17min reduction in the mean time to perform the anastomosis in the placenta model after the training in the konjac (p<0.05). There was a non-significant 20% reduction in gross leakage, but the training sessions were not able to consistently improve the ALI score. Conclusions: we demonstrate a reduction in anastomosis performing time in placental arteries after training sessions in the konjac noodle model, which can be regarded as a feasible low-cost method, particularly useful in centers with surgical microscopes only in the operation room.

ABSTRACT Introdução: modelos tradicionais de treinamento de anastomose microcirúrgica costumam ter custos elevados e implicações éticas de aquisição e manutenção, buscando-se alternativas que reúnam baixo custo e facilidade de armazenamento. Existem diferentes propostas, porém há poucas evidências de que conhecimentos adquiridos com o treinamento nessas plataformas se traduza em melhora na performance, quando estes são comparados a modelos consagrados. Este projeto objetiva avaliar a viabilidade do macarrão de konjac como modelo confiável de treinamento microcirúrgico. Métodos: 10 residentes de neurocirurgia realizaram uma anastomose término-terminal em artéria placentária humana de 2-3mm. As anastomoses foram avaliadas quantitativamente, registrando-se o tempo de confecção e qualitativamente, aplicando-se um escore validado (Anastomosis Lapse Index – ALI) por neurocirurgiões experientes e verificando-se a presença de vazamento grosseiro através da visualização no modo fluorescente injetando-se fluoresceína. Subsequentemente, realizaram 10 sessões de treinamento não consecutivos de anastomose términoterminal no modelo de konjac. Por fim, uma anastomose final foi realizada no modelo placentário e os mesmo parâmetros reavaliados. Resultados: observamos uma redução de 17 min no tempo médio de confecção da anastomose no modelo de placenta após os treinos no modelo do macarrão (p<0.05). Houve uma redução não significativa de 20% no vazamento grosseiro. As sessões de treino no macarrão não foram capazes de melhorar consistentemente o score ALI. Conclusão: o treinamento em modelo de macarrão konjac é capaz de reduzir o tempo para realização das anastomoses no modelo em placenta humana, mostrando-se alternativa viável de baixo custo e manutenção, útil em serviços que disponham de microscópio apenas no ambiente cirúrgico.

ABSTRACT This research aimed to produce activated carbon (AC) from the seed of açaí of the native species Euterpe precatoria, as well as to perform physical analysis of the AC and verify its filtering capacity. For this, three different types of AC were carried out, two of which were carried out in the laboratory with the variation of temperature and exposure time and another type of AC carried out in the field (rural area). The AC produced, both in the laboratory and in the field, had a significant reduction in apparent mass and electron microscopy proved to be of good quality. The filter with açaí stone charcoal proved to be effective in partially removing coliforms and with a significant increase in pH, it raised alkalinity and conductivity levels, reduced hardness and improved turbidity, and proved to be a great tool that, added to the chlorination process, it can take treated water to isolated communities that do not have access to treated water, having characteristics of low cost and reuse of waste.

RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo produzir carvão ativado (CA) a partir do caroço do açaí da espécie nativa Euterpe precatoria, bem como realizar análises físicas do CA e verificar a sua capacidade de filtragem. Para isso, foram realizados três diferentes tipos de CA, sendo dois feitos em laboratório com a variação de temperatura e tempo de exposição e outro tipo de CA realizado em campo (área rural). O CA produzido, tanto em laboratório, como em campo, teve significativa redução de massa aparente e a microscopia eletrônica comprovou ser de boa qualidade. O filtro com o carvão de caroço de açaí mostrou-se eficaz na remoção parcial de coliformes e com um aumento significativo do pH, elevou os níveis de alcalinidade e condutividade, reduziu a dureza e melhorou a turbidez, e provou ser uma ótima ferramenta que, somada com o processo de cloração, pode levar água tratada a comunidades isoladas que não tem acesso a água tratada, tendo características de baixo custo e reaproveitamento de resíduos.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate predictors of malocclusion in Brazilian schoolchildren eight to ten years of age based on a causal directed acyclic graph model. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren eight to ten years of age. Parents/guardians provided information on sleep disorders of the child (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children) and family characteristics (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale). The diagnosis of malocclusion was performed by four trained examiners using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Control variables were selected using a directed acyclic graph. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by robust logistic regression analysis for complex samples (α = 5%). The following variables were associated with malocclusion in the final model: sleep disorders (OR = 2.61; 95%CI: 2.43–2.86), mouth breathing (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02–1.99), non-nutritive sucking habits (OR = 2.45; 95%CI: 2.37–4.85), and obesity (OR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.02–2.33). Sociodemographic characteristics, family functioning, and premature tooth loss did not remain associated with malocclusion. Sleep disorders, mouth breathing, sucking habits, and obesity are predictors of malocclusion in schoolchildren eight to ten years of age.

ABSTRACT Background Sleep bruxism (BS) is defined as involuntary jaw movements characterized by grinding and clenching teeth. Objective To verify the association between chronotype, sleep quality, and self-reporting of BS in dental students. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with 214 undergraduate dental students at a public university in northeast Brazil. The participants answered the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire for the identification of chronotype and another questionnaire regarding daily aspects to collect information about sleep quality, self-reported sleep bruxism, the use of sleeping pills, snoring, concentration during daily activities and energy upon waking. Results The prevalence of self-reported sleep bruxism was 11.0%. In the final model, the eveningness chronotype (OR = 23.00; 95% CI: 2.36-223.84, p = 0.007), habitual snoring (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.31-7.39, p = 0.01) and low energy upon waking in the morning (OR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.96-5.58, p = 0.040) were associated with self-reported sleep bruxism. Conclusion The evening chronotype, presence of snoring, and low energy when waking up in the morning influenced self-reporting of sleep bruxism among undergraduate dental students.

RESUMO Introdução O bruxismo do sono (BS) é definido como movimentos involuntários da mandíbula caracterizados por ranger e apertar os dentes. Objetivo Verificar se o cronotipo e a qualidade do sono estão associados ao autorrelato de BS em graduandos de Odontologia. Método Um estudo transversal com 214 estudantes de uma universidade pública do Nordeste do Brasil. Os participantes responderam ao Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire para identificar os cronotipos e outro questionário sobre aspectos diários em que foram coletadas informações sobre qualidade do sono, autorrelato de bruxismo do sono, uso de pílulas para dormir, ronco, concentração nas atividades diárias, energia ao acordar. Resultados A prevalência de autorrelato do bruxismo do sono foi de 11,0%. No modelo final, o cronotipo noturno (OR = 23,00; 95% IC: 2.36-223.84, p = 0,007), o hábito de roncar (OR = 3,12; 95% IC: 1.31-7.39, p = 0,01) e o baixo nível de energia ao acordar pela manhã (OR = 2,37; 95% IC: 1.96-5.58, p = 0,04) estiveram associados com o autorrelato de BS. Conclusão O cronotipo noturno, a presença do ronco e a baixa energia ao se levantar pela manhã influenciaram o autorrelato de bruxismo do sono entre os estudantes de graduação em Odontologia.

RESUMO A agricultura conservacionista é fundamental para melhorar a sustentabilidade agrícola. No entanto, a qualidade do manejo do solo em sistemas de agricultura conservacionista é altamente variável. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se o índice de qualidade participativa do plantio direto (IQP) está associado aos atributos físicos, químicos e microbiológicos do solo. Dessa forma, buscou-se validar sua utilização como indicador da qualidade do manejo do solo. Foi realizado um levantamento para avaliar as práticas agrícolas utilizadas por agricultores da mesorregião oeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil, para a obtenção do IQP. A qualidade do manejo do solo para as lavouras anuais está relacionada ao IQP, conforme evidenciado por sua associação com atributos físicos, químicos e microbiológicos do solo. Os resultados confirmaram a utilidade da metodologia do IQP como ferramenta de avaliação da qualidade do manejo do solo, demonstrando sua sensibilidade às mudanças de curto prazo nas práticas de manejo. Consequentemente, isso pode permitir o monitoramento da qualidade do manejo e inferências sobre os efeitos benéficos das práticas implementadas. agrícola entanto variável (IQP físicos forma buscouse buscou Paraná Brasil Consequentemente implementadas

ABSTRACT Conservation agriculture is fundamental for improving agricultural sustainability. However, the quality of soil management in conservation agriculture systems is highly variable. The goal of this study was to verify whether a no-tillage participatory quality index (PQI) is associated with the physical, chemical, and microbiological attributes of soil. Thus, we sought to validate its use as an indicator of soil management quality. A survey was conducted to assess the agricultural practices of farmers from the western mesoregion of the state of Paraná, Brazil to evaluate the PQI. The quality of soil management for annual crops was related to the PQI, as evidenced by its association with soil physical, chemical, and microbiological attributes. These results confirmed the usefulness of the PQI methodology as a tool for assessing the quality of soil management, demonstrating its sensitivity to short-term changes in management practices. Consequently, this may allow for the monitoring of management quality and inferences about the beneficial effects of the implemented practices. sustainability However variable notillage no tillage (PQI physical chemical Thus Paraná shortterm short term Consequently

ABSTRACT The pancreatic form of tuberculosis (TB) is rare and its diagnosis is challenging, since it manifests itself with non-specific symptoms and non-pathognomonic radiological findings, mimicking a neoplasia of the pancreas. Here, we report the case of a patient who had previously undergone liver transplantation and sought care for abdominal pain, weight loss, anorexia, hematochezia and postprandial fullness. Following an exploratory laparotomy and nucleic acid amplification testing on a pancreatic sample that had been collected, the patient was diagnosed with pancreatic TB. The patient received anti-tubercular pharmacological therapy and required percutaneous biliary drainage. Awareness of the possibility of a pancreatic TB diagnosis is important for clinicians. This attention should be even greater in patients who have undergone transplants, who are immunodeficient or who are from endemic areas. (TB challenging nonspecific non specific nonpathognomonic pathognomonic findings pancreas Here pain loss anorexia fullness collected antitubercular anti tubercular drainage clinicians transplants areas

Abstract Oil production in offshore regions involves the transportation of oil and gas in submarine pipelines, which are vulnerable to geological processes triggered by subsurface oil production like fault reactivation. The fault reactivation process can lead to phenomena that impact the seabed, like subsidence and fluid exudation, and can trigger instability of submarine slopes, which can result in environmental and economic damage. The present work addresses a coupled hydromechanical numerical modeling of a hypothetical case involving fault reactivation caused by oil reservoir production and its impact on an overlying submarine slope. The hypothetical case was simulated using a finite element model. The case involves a reservoir which is cut by a fault zone that reaches the seabed. The slope instability studied was induced by the injection and production of fluids in the reservoir. The fault zone is assumed to be a sealing region and a geomechanical and pressure field discontinuity within the reservoir. Int this work was used the Mohr-Coulomb elastoplastic model with Perzyna viscoplastic regularization to represent the behavior of the fault zone and the overlying submarine slope. Results showed that the fault reactivation, caused by the reservoir production, developed shear stress and shear plastic strain along the fault and through the submarine slope, causing horizontal and vertical displacements in the slope mass and acting as a trigger factor for slope stability. Pore pressure increase at the bottom of the slope structure correlated with the injection pressure artificially increased into the reservoir. pipelines seabed exudation slopes damage MohrCoulomb Mohr Coulomb stability

RESUMO. Estudos mostram que o envelhecimento é acompanhado por perdas nas funções cognitivas, e que as intervenções podem gerar um aumento no desempenho e/ou apoiar a manutenção de habilidades cognitivas em idosos. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática de pesquisas com longa duração que ofereceram treino cognitivo (CT) em idosos sem demência e/ou com comprometimento cognitivo leve (MCI). Métodos: Revisão sistemática de estudos controlados, publicados em periódicos científicos a partir de 2000, com duração ≥6 meses, CT na intervenção, participantes ≥60 anos, saudáveis ou com MCI, avaliações por testes cognitivos e/ou neuropsicológicos. Resultados: Foram selecionados 32 estudos, sendo dez protocolos de pesquisa, 14 com idosos sem MCI e/ou sem demência e oito com idosos com MCI ou risco de demência. Conclusões: Foram relatados benefícios no desempenho cognitivo, incluindo habilidades motoras, de idosos que participaram de CT, com ou sem sessões de reforço, incluindo ou não intervenções multimodais.

ABSTRACT. Studies show that aging is accompanied by losses in cognitive functions and that interventions can increase performance and/or support the maintenance of cognitive skills in the elderly. Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of long-term studies involving cognitive training (CT) in older adults without dementia and/or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A systematic review of controlled studies was published in scientific journals from 2000 onward, with duration ≥6 months, CT intervention, cognitively normal (CN) or MCI participants aged ≥60 years, and assessments using cognitive and/or neuropsychological tests. Results: A total of 32 studies were reviewed, comprising 10 on study protocols, 14 in CN older adults (no MCI and/or dementia), and 8 in older adults with MCI or at risk for dementia. Conclusions: The studies reported improvements in cognitive performance for some motor abilities, among older participants of CT with or without booster sessions, including multimodal interventions or otherwise.