Abstract In view of the epidemiological relevance of periodontal disease and chronic noncommunicable diseases, the study aimed to evaluate the relationship between them through subclinical indicators of systemic risk in a population group with healthy habits, including alcohol and tobacco abstinence. A complete periodontal examination of six sites per tooth was performed in a sample of 420 participants from the Advento study (Sao Paulo), submitted to anthropometric and laboratory evaluation. Periodontitis was defined and classified based on the Community Periodontal Index score 3 (periodontal pocket = 4–5 mm) and score 4 (periodontal pocket ≥ 6 mm). The prevalence of mild/moderate and severe periodontitis was 20% and 8.2%, respectively. Both categories of periodontal disease had significantly higher levels of triglycerides, C-reactive protein, calcium score, and calcium percentile, whereas blood glucose after tolerance test was significantly higher among people with severe periodontitis and HDL-c levels were lower (p < 0.05). Young adults with severe periodontitis had significantly higher prevalence of obesity, pre-diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Besides these conditions, the older adults with severe periodontitis had significantly higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and subclinical atherosclerosis. The group with periodontitis had also a higher coronary heart disease risk based on the PROCAM score (p < 0.05). The results indicated associations of periodontitis with several systemic indicators for chronic noncommunicable diseases, and highlighted the need for multiprofessional measures in the whole care of patients.

Abstract The formation of microbial biofilms in materials used in the industrial production of dairy may lead to deterioration of these foods. Yarrowia lipolytica biofilms are widely found in dairy products and can modify the final characteristics of these products. Thus, this study investigated the effectiveness of hygienization by detergents and sodium hypochlorite on the formation of Y. lipolytica biofilms in different utensils usually employed during industrial cheese production, like polypropylene, hoses, and nylon/polyethylene. The utensils were sanitized using solutions of mild and alkaline detergents, and sodium hypochlorite, according to the cheese industry Standard Operation Procedure. Results showed that in all coupons there was biofilm formation with Y. lipolytica isolates. The contact angle measurements were favored to promote the adhesion of the biofilm in the evaluated surfaces. Even after treatment with sanitizers, a significant survival rate of planktonic cells was observed in all coupons tested. These results indicate that Y. lipolytica biofilms show a significant ability to adhere to polypropylene, presenting an important impact on the quality of colonial cheese.

Resumo Introdução A perda de inserção clínica periodontal (PIP) tem sido indicada como parâmetro determinante para o estudo de indicadores de risco de periodontite crônica. Objetivo Descrever a prevalência, severidade e extensão de PIP em um grupo populacional que se abstém de álcool e tabaco, além de avaliar associações com características sociodemográficas e comportamentais dos participantes. Método Uma amostra de 420 indivíduos adultos, participantes do Estudo Advento (São Paulo), foi submetida ao exame periodontal de seis sítios por dente e respondeu um questionário estruturado. As associações foram verificadas por meio de análise de regressão logística múltipla. Resultado A prevalência de periodontite foi de 20,7% e de gengivite, 38,8%; a PIP média foi de 1,38 mm (± 0,5) e a perda dental, 5,4 (± 9,0). A prevalência de PIP ≥ 3 mm, ≥ 4 mm e ≥ 6 mm foi de 69,7%, 31,7% e 9,6% dos indivíduos, e 11,4%, 4,4% e 1,2% dos dentes por indivíduo, respectivamente. Houve associação significativa de PIP ≥ 4 mm com sexo masculino, idade superior a 55 anos, baixa escolaridade, placa visível, autocuidado irregular, falta de orientação em higiene bucal e doença sistêmica referida. Para PIP ≥ 6 mm, foi observada maior razão de chances para as variáveis idade e doença sistêmica. Conclusão O grupo populacional estudado apresentou baixa extensão e severidade de PIP, possivelmente pelas características da amostra. As associações de risco encontradas confirmam a necessidade de atenção integral ao paciente, incluindo o incentivo à prevenção e ao controle de doenças crônicas, ao lado de orientações específicas para higiene bucal.

Abstract Introduction Clinical attachment loss (CAL) has been indicated as a determining parameter for the study of risk indicators of chronic periodontitis. Objective To describe the prevalence, severity and extent of CAL in a population group that abstains from alcohol and tobacco use and to evaluate associations with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of participants. Method A sample of 420 adult individuals, participants of the Advento Study (São Paulo) were submitted to a periodontal examination of six sites per tooth and answered a structured questionnaire. Associations were verified by multiple logistic regression analysis. Result Prevalence of periodontitis was 20.7% and gingivitis 38.8%; mean CAL was 1.38mm (±0.5) and dental loss 5.4 (±9.0). Prevalence of CAL ≥3 mm, ≥4 mm and ≥6 mm was 69.7%, 31.7% and 9.6% of the individuals, affecting 11.4%, 4.4% and 1.2% of the teeth per individual, respectively. After adjustments, there was a significant association of CAL ≥4 mm with males, over 55 years of age, low education, visible plaque, irregular self-care, lack of oral hygiene guidance and reported systemic disease. For CAL ≥6 mm, there was a higher odds ratio for the variables age group and systemic disease. Conclusion The population group studied presented low extension and severity of CAL, possibly due to the sample characteristics. The risk associations found confirm the need for comprehensive patient care, including encouraging prevention and control of chronic diseases, along with specific oral hygiene guidelines.

Candida glabrata has emerged as a common cause of serious life-threatening fungal infections, largely owing to their low susceptibility to azole antifungals. Recent guidance indicates the use of echinocandins as the first-choice drug for the treatment of systemic infections of C. glabrata; however, C. glabrata resistance to echinocandins is reportedly increasing. Herein, we present the induction of anidulafungin resistance in planktonic and sessile cells of C. glabrata and the development of fluconazole cross-resistance. MICs of 21 clinical C. glabrata strains were determined by a broth microdilution method using anidulafungin and fluconazole. Biofilm formation on a tracheal catheter was determined using 1- × 1-cm2 polyvinyl polychloride catheter fragments. Induction of anidulafungin resistance in planktonic and sessile cells and evaluation of its stability were performed by exposing the strains to successively higher concentrations of the antifungal. The induction resulted in strains strongly resistant to anidulafungin (MICs: 1-2 µg/mL) and fluconazole (≥64 µg/mL). Most of the sessile cells of C. glabrata presented slightly reduced susceptibility compared with the planktonic cells. Clinically, this cross-resistance could lead to therapeutic failure while using fluconazole in patients previously exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of anidulafungin for extended periods.

ABSTRACT The study of the relationships between the yield potential of forest stands and the conditions offered for plant development is fundamental for the adequate management of the forest when aiming at sustainable high yields. However, these relations are not clear, especially in commercial forests, on rugged terrain where relationships between the landscape, soil, and plants are more complex. Considering this, we tested the hypothesis that the morphological aspects of the soil conditioned by topography are the main limiting factors for tree development. Our objective was to evaluate the edaphic and topographic influence on the dendrometric variation of Pinus taeda L. of a forest stand in a subtropical climate at high altitude. For that, Spearman’s correlation analysis and canonical correspondence were performed on two data datasets containing pedological, topographic, and dendrometric information of a commercial plantation of Pinus taeda, in the Campo Belo do Sul, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Soil sampling and characterization was performed in two distinct designs. The first design was based on the morphological description of 11 soil profiles. The second was performed with intensive prospecting of the area, with 102 sampling locations determined through conditioned Latin hypercube sampling. For each sampling point, the height and diameter of the four nearest trees were measured and the terrain attributes were calculated from the digital elevation model. The solum depth, the thickness of the superficial horizon, elevation, and vertical distance to channel network were the main conditioning factors of the dendrometric variation, wherein taller trees were found in deeper soils, with a thicker surface horizon, in lower areas that are vertically closer to the drainage network. Our results showed that the selection of topographic and morphological variables has a significant effect on the tree height and should therefore be used to select homogeneous areas for the development of the species. In addition, we showed the importance of using an intensive sampling survey to understand dendrometric variation.

Resumo O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar os conceitos fundamentais da obra de Sartre, como a consciência, a liberdade e a intencionalidade, em articulação com as questões da educação, pondo em evidência a passagem do plano da espontaneidade ao plano do refletido na formação do sujeito. O problema da pesquisa se desenvolve em meio às possibilidades da educação como racionalidade histórica e crítica, capaz de promover, em alguma medida, a abertura ao ser, seja esta abertura de ordem ética, social ou epistemológica. O artigo suscita uma reflexão breve, com base no pensamento de Sartre, das condições racionais nas quais a educação possa se dilatar, estendendo-se ao projeto de humanidade, em cujas condições históricas os sujeitos possam reconhecer que sua existência e seu saber não estão prontos, não estão dados a priori, porquanto precisam ser permanentemente conquistados. As análises do estudo levam a compreender que a formação de sujeitos livres e responsáveis não se constitui, senão, por meio das ações éticas. Especialmente neste campo, a educação pode compartilhar das conquistas que o pensamento de Sartre apresenta na ultrapassagem ao instituído.

Abstract The study sets out to investigate the fundamental concepts of Sartre's work, such as consciousness, freedom and intentionality organized around the issues of education, highlighting the passage from a level of spontaneity to the project of reason in the formation of the subject. The theme of the research is carried out in the midst of the possibilities of education as historical and critical rationality, capable of promoting, to some extent, openness to being, whether it is ethical, social or epistemological. Based on Sartre's thinking, the article presents a brief reflection on the rational conditions in which education could be expanded, extending into a project for humanity, with historical conditions in which subjects can recognize that their existence and knowledge are not readymade nor given a priori, but must be constantly acquired. The analyses lead one to understand that the formation of free and responsible subjects is only constituted through ethical actions. In this field, in particular, education can share the achievements that Sartre's thinking presents on it transcending what has been established.

O presente artigo procura demonstrar de que modo mudanças recentes no exercício da profissão de jornalista estão sendo capazes de redefinir a forma como esses profissionais olham para si mesmos no presente e, consequentemente, para seu passado, para sua própria "história". Para tanto, me apoio em minha própria e em outras etnografias do jornalismo - em particular do espaço da redação - na especificidade da "notícia" e, principalmente, da "reportagem" enquanto "documento" histórico, discussão necessária para a compreensão da vinculação que se estabelece entre a "memória jornalística" e a "memória nacional"; e nos efeitos que a imposição de um "estilo jornalístico", a exigência do diploma e a reorganização do mercado de trabalho tiveram - e têm - sobre a organização e a escrita, cada vez mais sistematizada, das trajetórias consideradas exemplares para a área.

The present article explores how recent changes in journalism have redefined the way in which the area's professionals see themselves in the present and so how they see their past, their own 'history.' I draw from my own and other ethnographies of journalism, particularly those focused on the editorial office, in order to examine the specificity of 'news' and especially 'reporting' as a historical 'document,' a discussion essential to understanding the link between 'journalistic memory' and 'national memory.' The text also discusses the effects that the imposition of a 'journalistic style,' the need for formal qualifications and the reorganization of the work market have had - and continue to have - on the increasingly systemized organization and description of careers now considered emblematic in the profession.

As pesquisas sobre televisão no Brasil apresentam, ao longo do tempo, uma mudança significativa nos seus critérios de análise e de legitimação. A televisão passou a ser estudada e representada como se fosse constituída por gêneros independentes - a telenovela, o telejornal e os programas de auditório -, distinção praticamente inexistente nas primeiras pesquisas realizadas no Brasil. Essa divisão em gêneros indica que a mudança observada nas pesquisas seguiu uma direção específica. Elas passaram não só a legitimar a televisão, mas também a reproduzir, nos mesmos termos, por meio de suas análises, as relações de poder observadas no interior do campo da televisão.

Studies of television in Brazil reveal a significant change over time in their criteria of analysis and legitimation. Television has shifted to being studied and represented in terms of independent genres - soaps, news programs and live audience shows - distinctions that were practically non-existent in the first research studies conducted in Brazil. This separation into genres indicates that the change observed in these studies takes a specific direction. They not only start to legitimize television; through their analyses, they also reproduce in the same terms, the power relations observed within the field of television as a whole.

As pesquisas sobre televisão no Brasil apresentam, ao longo do tempo, uma mudança significativa nos seus critérios de análise e de legitimação. A televisão passou a ser estudada e representada como se fosse constituída por gêneros independentes - a telenovela, o telejornal e os programas de auditório -, distinção praticamente inexistente nas primeiras pesquisas realizadas no Brasil. Essa divisão em gêneros indica que a mudança observada nas pesquisas seguiu uma direção específica. Elas passaram não só a legitimar a televisão, mas também a reproduzir, nos mesmos termos, por meio de suas análises, as relações de poder observadas no interior do campo da televisão.

Studies of television in Brazil reveal a significant change over time in their criteria of analysis and legitimation. Television has shifted to being studied and represented in terms of independent genres - soaps, news programs and live audience shows - distinctions that were practically non-existent in the first research studies conducted in Brazil. This separation into genres indicates that the change observed in these studies takes a specific direction. They not only start to legitimize television; through their analyses, they also reproduce in the same terms, the power relations observed within the field of television as a whole.

As expressões cultura e identidade surdas têm se legitimado, principalmente, pela defesa da língua de sinais como sendo a língua natural dos surdos. Essa defesa se faz por meio de uma inversão teórica que toma a língua, num primeiro momento, como determinada pelas práticas e interações sociais e, num segundo, faz dela a definidora dessas mesmas práticas. Este artigo discute os mecanismos de legitimação dessa inversão e suas implicações sociais e teóricas.

The expressions deaf culture and deaf identity have been legitimated, mainly, through the defense of sign language as being the natural language of deaf people. This defense is made through a theoretical inversion that takes the language as determined for the practical and social interactions and the proper language define these same practical. This article argues about the mechanisms of legitimation of this inversion and its social and theoretical implications

As distinções mais óbvias que podem ser observadas no mercado de moda são aquelas que dizem respeito às diferenças de gênero, independente da classe ou do grupo social a que se faça referência. Dentro desse universo podem ser encontradas duas noções, elegância e atitude, que condensam, a um só tempo, marcas de gênero, sociais e individuais. No caso da noção de elegância, o discurso, tanto quanto a roupa ou o próprio indivíduo, traduz sempre um ato de remissão a uma determinada concepção de ordem social, entendida como natural. As diferenças de gênero são relevantes, nesse contexto, porque demarcam posições sociais entendidas como naturais. Já a noção de atitude não cobra, necessariamente, uma ordem social e natural, mas uma ordem pessoal. O discurso e a roupa traduzem um caráter individualista, supondo ser o indivíduo quem imprime um sentido a sua inserção social, ainda que eventual ou momentânea. Nesse contexto, na maior parte das vezes, o individualismo ganha expressão através de uma linguagem estruturada como se não tivesse gênero.

The most evident distinctions that can be seen in the fashion market are those related to gender differences, independently from the social class or group. In such universe, the notions of elegance and attitude can be found, and they condense simultaneously gender, social and individual marks. In the case of the notion of elegance, the discourse, as well as the clothes or the individual him/herself, always refers to a certain conception of the social order conceived as natural. Gender differences are relevant in this context because they indicate social positions understood as natural ones. Otherwise, the notion of attitude does not necessarily demand a social and natural order, but an individual one. Discourse and clothes reveal an individualistic aspect, assuming that it is the individual who produces meaning in his/her social insertion, even if only temporarily. In this context, most of the time, individualism is expressed in a genderless language.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo traçar um esboço do campo da moda tal como ele se constitui hoje, particularmente no Brasil e tendo como referência principal a cidade de São Paulo. Parte-se do pressuposto de que o sentido da moda deve ser buscado além das suas formas convencionais de apresentação, tais como desfiles e editoriais das revistas especializadas. Deve ser buscado na relação que tanto consumidores quanto criadores e formadores de opinião têm com o vestuário e com sua renovação constante. O sentido da moda está em que a roupa significa algo, e esse significado, além de diferir em função do grupo pesquisado e de sua posição no interior da estrutura social, imprime e direciona diferentes condutas para esses diversos grupos sociais. Há quatro interesses (demandas) diferentes envolvendo o uso das roupas, sendo que cada um deles imprime um sentido particular para tal, estabelecendo diferentes regras de uso, classificação e juízos de valor. Em outras palavras, diferentes certezas de para quê e como deve ser o uso correto ou adequado de uma roupa e, concomitantemente, também a criação. Institui-se com isso um conflito entre os grupos (consumidores, criadores e formadores de opinião) que, ao mesmo tempo em que dá forma ao campo da moda, instaura uma dinâmica própria ao mercado: a segurança de seu funcionamento e a crescente especialização de cada segmento - criador ou formador de opinião - residem na impossibilidade de resolução desse conflito.

The present article intends to trace an outline of the field of fashion just as its constituted today in Brazil. The main reference utilized was the city of São Paulo. It presumes that the sense of fashion should be searched beyond of its convencional ways of presentation, as fashion shows and specialized magazines. It is in the relationship that consumers, creators and opinion formers have with the clothes and its constant renewal. The sense of fashion is in the fact that clothes mean something, and that meaning, besides differing in function to the researched group and its position inside the social structure, registers and guides different conducts for those several groups. There are four different interests (demands) involving the use of the clothes, and each one of them registers a particular sense for such, establishing different norms for the use, classification and judgement of value. In other words, different convictions of "what for" and "how" should be the correct or proper use of clothes and, therefore, the creation. It determines a conflict between the groups (consumers, creators and opinion formers) that, at the same time gives form to the field of fashion, it determines one own business dinamic: the securancy of its work and the increasing specialization of each part - creators and opinion formers - is in the impossibility of resolution of this conflict.