Introdução: O trânsito digestivo, na diabetes, pode estar alterado, mas a influência de alguns fatores é controversa. O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer a influência da idade, sexo, duração da doença e controlo glicémico sobre o trânsito digestivo, nos diabéticos. População e método: Foram feitas 2 radiografias abdominais a 68 diabéticos tipo 2 entre 44-81 anos, 24 e 72 h após a ingestão de 25 partículas radiopacas. Analisou-se a relação entre o número de partículas no cólon direito, esquerdo, sigmoide-reto e cólon total com a idade, o género, a duração da doença e a hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c). Foi aplicado o teste t de Student. Os resultados apresentam-se como ¯X ±SD. Resultados: Às 24 h, o número de partículas no cólon foi significativamente maior nos indivíduos com HbA1c≤≤7% vs.> 7%, 18,6±6,3 vs. 13,1±8,5 p < 0,004. Às 72 h, a idade (≤60 anos vs.> 60 anos), o género e a HbA1 c não influenciaram significativamente o número de partículas no cólon. Nos diabéticos, com doença≤10 anos vs. > 10 anos, o número de partículas foi, no cólon direito 0,49±1,17 vs. 0,18±0,46, p > 0,05; cólon esquerdo 1,46±3,7 vs. 3,97±6,4, p < 0,05; cólon sigmoide e reto 1,26±2,2 vs. 3,39±2,5, p < 0,01; total 3,20±6,0 vs. 7,55±8,8, p < 0,02. Conclusões: 1 - O trânsito cólico, às 24 h, foi mais lento nos diabéticos com HbA1c ≤7%. 2 - Os doentes diabéticos há ≤10 anos tiveram um trânsito cólico significativamente mais lento. 3 - A idade, o género e a HbA1c não o influenciaram às 72 h.

Introduction: In diabetes, the digestive transit may be altered. Nevertheless, the influence of some factors is controversial. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of age, gender, disease duration and HbA1c on the colonic transit of diabetic patients. Population and methods: Thirty eight type 2 diabetic patients, aged between 44 and 81, were enrolled. Two abdominal radiographs were conducted, 24 and 72 hours after the ingestion of 25 radiopaque particles. We examined the relationship between the number of particles in the right and left colon, sigmoid colon - rectum and total colon and age, gender, disease duration and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). t statistics were performed, and the results are in mean ± SD. Results: At 24 hours, the number of particles in the colon was significantly higher in patients with HbA1c ≤ 7%/l vs. > 7%, 18.6 ± 6.3 vs. 13.1 ± 8.5 p < 0.004, and, at 72 hours, the age (≤ 60 years vs. > 60 years), gender and HbA1c did not influence significantly the number of particles in the colon. In patients with disease duration ≤ 10 years vs> 10 years, the number of particles in the right and left colon were: 0.49±1.17 vs. 0.18±0.46, p > 0.05, 1.46±3.7 vs. 3.97±6.4, p < 0.05, respectively. In the sigmoid colon and rectum were: 1.26±3.39 vs. 2.2±2.5, p < 0.01, and total 3.20±6.0 vs. 7.55±8.8, p < 0.02. Conclusions: 1 - At 24 hours, patients with HbA1c ≤ 7% had significantly more particles in the colon. 2 - At 72hours, the patients with ≤ 10 years of disease had significantly less radiopaque particles in the colon. 3 - The age, gender, and the HbA1c did not have any effects, at 72 h.

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) em diálise têm como principal causa de morte doença cardiovascular (DCV) aterosclerótica, tendo a inflamação e a disfunção endotelial relação direta com a aterosclerose. Além disso, a infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (HCV), comum nestes pacientes, seria outro fator de piora do estado inflamatório. Níveis aumentados de marcadores de disfunção endotelial são encontrados em pacientes com DRC e hepatite C, e poderiam ser importantes marcadores de aterosclerose nestes indivíduos. OBJETIVO: Comparar atividade endotelial de pacientes em hemodiálise com e sem hepatite C. METODOLOGIA: Selecionamos 28 pacientes em hemodiálise que foram divididos em dois grupos: 1-HCV(+): 18 pacientes (anti-HCV[+] e PCR[+]) e 2-HCV(-): 10 pacientes (anti-HCV[-]). Antes da primeira diálise da semana foi coletada amostra de sangue para dosagem sérica de molécula de adesão intercelular-1 (ICAM-1), fator de crescimento vascular endotelial (VEGF), aspartato alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e tempo de atividade da protrombina (TAP) dos grupos. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de ICAM-1 foram elevados em 60,71%, sendo maiores no grupo HCV(+), porém não estatisticamente significativos (p = 0,2024). Não houve correlação entre os níveis de ICAM-1 e tempo de diálise ou níveis de ALT em nenhum dos grupos. Já os níveis de VEGF foram normais em 92,85%; apenas dois pacientes HCV(+) tinham níveis elevados. Também não houve correlação com tempo de diálise ou níveis de ALT em nenhum grupo. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes em hemodiálise possuem elevada lesão endotelial, porém a presença de infecção crônica pelo HCV não se mostrou um fator agravante deste quadro. Este resultado pode ter ocorrido por conta do pequeno número de pacientes, sendo necessárias análises com maior número de indivíduos para conclusões mais definitivas.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment have cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease as the main cause of death. Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are directly associated with atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the infection resulting from hepatitis C virus, common among such patients, would be another worsening factor of the inflammatory state. Increased levels of endothelial dysfunction markers are found in chronic renal disease and hepatitis C, which could be important markers of atherosclerosis among these subjects. OBJECTIVE: To compare endothelial activity in patients undergoing hemodialysis with and without hepatitis C. METHODOLOGY: We selected 28 patients undergoing hemodialysis and classified them into two groups: 1-HCV(+): 18 patients (anti-HCV[+] and PCR[+]) and 2-HCV(-): 10 patients (anti-HCV[-]). Before the first weekly dialysis, blood samples from both groups were collected for ICAM-1, VEGF, ALT and TAP serum dosage. RESULTS: ICAM-1 levels were high in 60.71%. The highest levels were found in HCV(+) group, though not statistically significant (p = 0.2024). There was no correlation between ICAM-1 levels and the hemodialysis time or ALT levels in any group. On the other hand, VEGF levels were normal in 92.85%. Only two patients HCV(+) had high levels. There was also no correlation between VEGF levels and the dialysis time or ALT levels. CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing hemodialysis have high endothelial lesion, nevertheless, the presence of HCV chronic infection did not prove to be an aggravating factor. This result may be due to the small number of patients, hence further analyses with a larger sample are required for definitive conclusions.

Resistance and susceptibility of Biomphalaria snails to Schistosoma mansoni sporocysts occur in different degrees. Histopathology reflects these diferences. In a state of tolerance numerous sporocysts in different stages of differentiation are seen in the absence of host tissue reaction. However extensive diffuse and focal proliferation of amebocytes with sequestration and destruction of many parasitic structures appear in resistant snails. Some snails are totally resistant and when exposed to infecting miracidia may never eliminate cercarie. Sequential histopathological examination has revealed that in such cases the infected miracidia are destroyed a few minutes to 24 hr after penetration in the snail. However, B. glabrata that were exposed to S. mansoni miracidia and three moths later failed to shed cercariae, exhibited focal and diffuse proliferation of amebocytes in many organs in the absence of pasitic structures. These lesions were similar to those observed in resistant snails that were still eliminating a few cercariae, with the difference that no recognizable sporocystic structures or remmants were present. Histological investigation carried out in similarly resistant B. tenagophila and B. straminea presented essentially normal histologic structures. Only occasionally a few focal proliferative (granulomatous) amebocytic reactions were seen in ovotestis and in the tubular portion of the kidney. Probably, there are two types of reactions to miracidium presented by totally resistant snails: one would implicate the immediate destruction of the miracidium leaving no traces in the tissues; the other involving late reactions that seem to completely destroy invading sporocysts and leave histological changes.