Abstract This study aims to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of basil, marjoram, nutmeg, and oregano essential oils to use the essential oil with better results for Quark-type cheese preservation. To verify the shelf life of Quark-type cheese without essential oil (CTL) and Quark-type cheese added with 0.05% essential oil (OE), microbiological and physicochemical analyses were performed for 35 days (4 °C). The acceptability of the product was also evaluated. The oregano essential oil showed strong antimicrobial activity in the disk-diffusion test (34.0 to 51.0 mm), and lower values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against all species of bacteria tested. A lower mold and yeast count (p < 0.05) was observed during storage in OE denoting a positive effect in delaying its deterioration. On the other hand, there was no difference (p > 0.05) between the CTL and OE count of total mesophiles and Enterobacteriaceae. For the physicochemical parameters evaluated, there were no significant differences between the CTL and OE, thus denoting that the typical characteristics of this cheese were maintained. The Quark-type cheese added with oregano essential oil also showed good acceptability (> 7), which is a way to preserve the product with a natural additive.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a série temporal da mortalidade por suicídio em adultos jovens brasileiros entre os anos de 1997 e 2019. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, de séries temporais com indivíduos de 20 a 29 anos. Para a análise de tendência foi utilizada a regressão de Prais-Winsten. No período, o coeficiente médio de suicídio em jovens brasileiros foi de 6,36/100 mil habitantes, apresentando tendência crescente, tanto o geral, quanto no sexo feminino e masculino. Em relação ao estado civil, houve maior proporção de suicídio entre solteiros (79,02%). Quanto as regiões brasileiras, a Sul apresentou o maior coeficiente médio de mortalidade (9,18/100 mil habitantes), e as regiões Nordeste, Norte e Sudeste mostraram tendência crescente. A maioria dos óbitos ocorreram no domicílio (54,93%) e houve tendência crescente tanto no domicílio, como os estabelecimentos de saúde e outros locais. Conclui-se que a tendência do suicídio em adultos jovens brasileiros foi crescente no período, com maiores proporções entre os solteiros. As regiões brasileiras apresentaram diferentes tendências, e o domicílio, estabelecimentos de saúde e outros locais seguiram uma tendência crescente para as mortes por suicídio em adultos jovens.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the time series of suicide mortality in Brazilian young adults between 1997 and 2019. This is an ecological study on time series with individuals aged 20 to 29 years. The Prais-Winsten regression was used for trend analysis. The mean suicide coefficient in young Brazilians was 6.36/100 thousand inhabitants in the period, showing increasing overall, females, and male trends. Regarding marital status, there was a higher proportion of suicide among single people (79.02%). As for the Brazilian regions, the South presented the highest mean mortality coefficient (9.18/100 thousand inhabitants), and the Northeast, North, and Southeast regions showed an increasing trend. Most deaths occured at home (54.93%), and there was an increasing trend both at home, at health establishments, and other places. We conclude that the suicide trend in Brazilian young adults was increasing in the period, with more significant proportions among single people. Brazilian regions showed different trends, and households, health facilities, and other locations followed an increasing trend toward suicide deaths in young adults.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a série temporal da mortalidade por suicídio em adultos jovens brasileiros entre os anos de 1997 e 2019. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, de séries temporais com indivíduos de 20 a 29 anos. Para a análise de tendência foi utilizada a regressão de Prais-Winsten. No período, o coeficiente médio de suicídio em jovens brasileiros foi de 6,36/100 mil habitantes, apresentando tendência crescente, tanto o geral, quanto no sexo feminino e masculino. Em relação ao estado civil, houve maior proporção de suicídio entre solteiros (79,02%). Quanto as regiões brasileiras, a Sul apresentou o maior coeficiente médio de mortalidade (9,18/100 mil habitantes), e as regiões Nordeste, Norte e Sudeste mostraram tendência crescente. A maioria dos óbitos ocorreram no domicílio (54,93%) e houve tendência crescente tanto no domicílio, como os estabelecimentos de saúde e outros locais. Conclui-se que a tendência do suicídio em adultos jovens brasileiros foi crescente no período, com maiores proporções entre os solteiros. As regiões brasileiras apresentaram diferentes tendências, e o domicílio, estabelecimentos de saúde e outros locais seguiram uma tendência crescente para as mortes por suicídio em adultos jovens.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the time series of suicide mortality in Brazilian young adults between 1997 and 2019. This is an ecological study on time series with individuals aged 20 to 29 years. The Prais-Winsten regression was used for trend analysis. The mean suicide coefficient in young Brazilians was 6.36/100 thousand inhabitants in the period, showing increasing overall, females, and male trends. Regarding marital status, there was a higher proportion of suicide among single people (79.02%). As for the Brazilian regions, the South presented the highest mean mortality coefficient (9.18/100 thousand inhabitants), and the Northeast, North, and Southeast regions showed an increasing trend. Most deaths occured at home (54.93%), and there was an increasing trend both at home, at health establishments, and other places. We conclude that the suicide trend in Brazilian young adults was increasing in the period, with more significant proportions among single people. Brazilian regions showed different trends, and households, health facilities, and other locations followed an increasing trend toward suicide deaths in young adults.

Objective: to analyze the suicide mortality trend in Brazilian adolescents from 1997 to 2016. Method: ecological study of time series; Prais-Winsten regression was used. Results: 14,852 suicide deaths were recorded, with mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants of 1.95 in 1997, 2.65 in 2016 and average of 2.14 in the period 1997-2016; deaths predominated in males (67.59%), due to intentional self-harm (84.19%) and occurring at home (52,69%); the Midwest region had the highest rate in the period (3.71 / 100,000 inhabitants), with emphasis on Mato Grosso do Sul (8.3 / 100,000 inhabitants); there was a tendency towards an increase by 1.35% per year in suicide in the general adolescent population (CI95%: 0.56; 2.15), 1.63% in males (CI95%: 0.56 ; 2.29), 3.11% in the North (CI95%: 2.25; 3.98) and 4.19% in the Northeast (CI95%: 2.58; 5.84). Conclusion: suicide mortality in Brazilian adolescents showed an upward trend in the period studied.

Objetivo: analisar a tendência da mortalidade por suicídio em adolescentes brasileiros no período de 1997 a 2016. Método: estudo ecológico de séries temporais; empregou-se regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: foram registrados 14.852 óbitos por suicídio, com taxas de mortalidade por 100.000 habitantes de 1,95 em 1997, 2,65 em 2016 e média de 2,14 no período 1997-2016; predominaram óbitos no sexo masculino (67,59%), por lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente (84,19%) e ocorridos no domicílio (52,69%); a região Centro-Oeste apresentou a maior taxa no período (3,71/100.000 hab.), com destaque para Mato Grosso do Sul (8,3/100.000 hab.); observou-se tendência de aumento de 1,35% ao ano na mortalidade por suicídio na população geral de adolescentes (IC95% 0,56; 2,15), 1,63% no sexo masculino (IC95% 0,56; 2,29), 3,11% na região Norte (IC95% 2,25; 3,98) e 4,19% no Nordeste (IC95% 2,58; 5,84). Conclusão: a mortalidade por suicídio em adolescentes brasileiros mostrou tendência ascendente no período estudado.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary quality of minimally processed vegetables commercialized in the city of Concórdia, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Eight distinct products, sold in 3 different supermarkets, totalizing 24 samples were evaluated. Of the analyzed samples, just one was in discordance with the microbiological parameters established by the Brazilian legislation (210 MPN/g of coliforms at 45 °C for Kale 2). Beyond the absence of Salmonella sp. indicated in legislation, all samples also indicated the absence of positive coagulase staphylococci and Listeria monocytogenes. The most expressive microbial counts were obtained when evaluating the aerobic mesophilic microorganisms (ranging from 2.8×102 to 2.7×107), and for molds and yeasts (ranging from 4.5×102 to 4.9×105). We highlight that the quality and shelf-life of minimally-processed vegetables directly depend on the handling throughout the production chain, since obtaining the raw material, to processing and commercialization. Thus, periodic evaluations of these products can reduce the risks to consumer health and favor the commercial expansion of the segment of fresh and minimally processed vegetables.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a tendência da mortalidade por suicídio em adolescentes brasileiros no período de 1997 a 2016. Métodos Estudo ecológico de séries temporais; empregou-se regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados Foram registrados 14.852 óbitos por suicídio, com taxas de mortalidade por 100 mil habitantes de 1,95 em 1997, 2,65 em 2016, e média de 2,14 no período 1997-2016; predominaram óbitos no sexo masculino (67,59%), por lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente (84,19%), ocorridos no domicílio (52,69%); a região Centro-Oeste apresentou a maior taxa no período (3,71/100 mil hab.), com destaque para Mato Grosso do Sul (8,3/100 mil hab.); observou-se tendência de aumento de 1,35% ao ano na mortalidade por suicídio na população geral de adolescentes (IC95% 0,56;2,15), 1,63% no sexo masculino (IC95% 0,56;2,29), 3,11% na região Norte (IC95% 2,25;3,98) e 4,19% no Nordeste (IC95% 2,58;5,84). Conclusão A mortalidade por suicídio em adolescentes brasileiros mostrou tendência ascendente no período estudado.

Abstract Objective To analyze the suicide mortality trend among Brazilian adolescents from 1997 to 2016. Methods This is an ecological time series study; Prais-Winsten regression was used. Results 14,852 suicide deaths were recorded, with mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants of 1.95 in 1997, 2.65 in 2016 and average of 2.14 for the period 1997-2016; deaths predominated in males (67.59%), as well as deaths due to intentional self-harm (84.19%) and suicides at home (52.69%); the Midwest region had the highest rate in the period (3.71/100,000 inhabitants), in particular the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (8.3/100,000 inhabitants); the suicide trend rose 1.35% per annum in the general adolescent population (95%CI 0.56;2.15), 1.63% in males (95%CI 0.56;2.29), 3.11% in the North (95%CI 2.25;3.98) and 4.19% in the Northeast (95%CI 2.58;5.84). Conclusion Suicide mortality in Brazilian adolescents showed an upward trend in the period studied.

Resumen Objetivo analizar la tendencia al suicidio en adolescentes brasileños de 1997 a 2016. Método estudio ecológico de series temporales; se utilizó la regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados se registraron 14.852 suicidios, con tasas de mortalidad de 1,95 por 100.000 habitantes en 1997, 2,65 en 2016 y promedio de 2,14 en el período 1997-2016; las muertes predominaron en el sexo masculino (67,59%), por autolesión intencional (84,19%) y ocurridas en casa (52,69%); la región Centro-Oeste tuvo la tasa más alta en el período (3,71/100,000 habitantes), con énfasis en Mato Grosso do Sul (8,3/100,000 habitantes); hubo una tendencia de aumento del 1,35% al año de la mortalidad por suicidio en la población adolescente general (IC95% 0,56; 2,15), 1,63% en varones (IC95% 0,56; 2,29), 3,11% en la región Norte (IC95% 2,25; 3,98) y 4.19% en el Nordeste (IC95% 2,58; 5;84). Conclusión la mortalidad por suicidio en adolescentes brasileños mostró una tendencia al alza en el período estudiado.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a tendência da mortalidade por suicídio em adolescentes brasileiros no período de 1997 a 2016. Métodos Estudo ecológico de séries temporais; empregou-se regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados Foram registrados 14.852 óbitos por suicídio, com taxas de mortalidade por 100 mil habitantes de 1,95 em 1997, 2,65 em 2016, e média de 2,14 no período 1997-2016; predominaram óbitos no sexo masculino (67,59%), por lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente (84,19%), ocorridos no domicílio (52,69%); a região Centro-Oeste apresentou a maior taxa no período (3,71/100 mil hab.), com destaque para Mato Grosso do Sul (8,3/100 mil hab.); observou-se tendência de aumento de 1,35% ao ano na mortalidade por suicídio na população geral de adolescentes (IC95% 0,56;2,15), 1,63% no sexo masculino (IC95% 0,56;2,29), 3,11% na região Norte (IC95% 2,25;3,98) e 4,19% no Nordeste (IC95% 2,58;5,84). Conclusão A mortalidade por suicídio em adolescentes brasileiros mostrou tendência ascendente no período estudado.

Abstract Objective To analyze the suicide mortality trend among Brazilian adolescents from 1997 to 2016. Methods This is an ecological time series study; Prais-Winsten regression was used. Results 14,852 suicide deaths were recorded, with mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants of 1.95 in 1997, 2.65 in 2016 and average of 2.14 for the period 1997-2016; deaths predominated in males (67.59%), as well as deaths due to intentional self-harm (84.19%) and suicides at home (52.69%); the Midwest region had the highest rate in the period (3.71/100,000 inhabitants), in particular the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (8.3/100,000 inhabitants); the suicide trend rose 1.35% per annum in the general adolescent population (95%CI 0.56;2.15), 1.63% in males (95%CI 0.56;2.29), 3.11% in the North (95%CI 2.25;3.98) and 4.19% in the Northeast (95%CI 2.58;5.84). Conclusion Suicide mortality in Brazilian adolescents showed an upward trend in the period studied.

Resumen Objetivo analizar la tendencia al suicidio en adolescentes brasileños de 1997 a 2016. Método estudio ecológico de series temporales; se utilizó la regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados se registraron 14.852 suicidios, con tasas de mortalidad de 1,95 por 100.000 habitantes en 1997, 2,65 en 2016 y promedio de 2,14 en el período 1997-2016; las muertes predominaron en el sexo masculino (67,59%), por autolesión intencional (84,19%) y ocurridas en casa (52,69%); la región Centro-Oeste tuvo la tasa más alta en el período (3,71/100,000 habitantes), con énfasis en Mato Grosso do Sul (8,3/100,000 habitantes); hubo una tendencia de aumento del 1,35% al año de la mortalidad por suicidio en la población adolescente general (IC95% 0,56; 2,15), 1,63% en varones (IC95% 0,56; 2,29), 3,11% en la región Norte (IC95% 2,25; 3,98) y 4.19% en el Nordeste (IC95% 2,58; 5;84). Conclusión la mortalidad por suicidio en adolescentes brasileños mostró una tendencia al alza en el período estudiado.

OBJECTIVE: To study the differences between fluvastatin and pravastatin regarding LDL susceptibility to oxidation, plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides (TG) in hypercholesterolemic patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: A double-blind randomized parallel study was conducted that included 41 hypercholesterolemic outpatients with CHD treated at the Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul. The inclusion criteria were LDL-C above 100 mg/dL and triglycerides below 400 mg/dL based on 2 measures. After 4 weeks on a low cholesterol diet, those patients that fullfilled the inclusion criteria were randomized into 2 groups: the fluvastatin group (fluvastatin 40 mg/day) and the pravastatin group (pravastatin 20 mg/day), for 24 weeks of treatment. LDL susceptibility to oxidation was analyzed with copper-induced production of conjugated dienes (Cu2+) and water-soluble free radical initiator azo-bis (2'-2'amidinopropanil) HCl (AAPH). Spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance was used for determination of lipids. RESULTS: After 24 weeks of drug therapy, fluvastatin and pravastatin significantly reduced LDL susceptibility to oxidation as demonstrated by the reduced rate of oxidation (azo and Cu) and by prolonged azo-induced lag time (azo lag). The TC, LDL-C, and TG reduced significantly and HDL-C increased significantly. No differences between the drugs were observed. CONCLUSION: In hypercholesterolemic patients with CHD, both fluvastatin and pravastatin reduced LDL susceptibility to oxidation.

A cultura de kiwi vem se expandindo e a obtenção de vinagre é uma alternativa para o aproveitamento de excedentes de safra e diversificação da produção. Os mostos foram preparados em seis tratamentos: suco de kiwi natural (T1); suco de kiwi e nutrientes (T2); suco de kiwi e sacarose até 18°Brix (T3); suco de kiwi a 18°Brix, e nutrientes (T4); suco de kiwi e sacarose até 22°Brix (T5) e suco de kiwi a 22°Brix, e nutrientes (T6). A fermentação alcoólica ocorreu a 28°C, com inóculo de 10(6)UFC/mL de Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Foram utilizados na fermentação acética apenas os tratamentos 1, 3 e 5, considerando que a adição de nutrientes não influenciou a produção de etanol. Na fermentação acética, foram utilizados gerador vertical (PG) a temperatura ambiente e fermentador submerso (PS) a 25°C, com agitação de 500rpm e fluxo de oxigênio de 0,05vvm, com volume de trabalho de 2 litros. Os rendimentos da fermentação alcoólica variaram entre 38,65 e 47,23%, com eficiências de 75,62 a 92,41% e produtividades entre 0,74 e 2,0g/L.h. Os valores de pH foram maiores ao final da fermentação alcoólica nos mostos com menor concentração de açúcares totais (T1 e T2). Na fermentação acética pelo PG, a composição dos mostos não aumentou a produtividade, por outro lado, pelo PS, os mostos com concentrações de etanol superiores foram mais produtivos. Os vinagres obtidos pelo PS produziram em 12 horas entre 1,00 e 1,78% (p/v) de ácido acético, com rendimentos variando entre 93,24 e 98,34% e produtividades entre 0,83 e 1,73g/L.h. A análise sensorial, através do teste de ordenação, indicou que os vinagres de kiwi obtidos pelo PG foram superiores, com índices de aceitabilidade acima de 70%.

The kiwi culture has been expanding and the production of vinegar is an alternative that aims to use surplus fruits to diversify production. In this study, kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa) vinegar was produced using submerse and generator methods. Mashes were prepared in six treatments: natural kiwi fruit juice (T1); kiwi fruit juice and nutrients added (T2); kiwi fruit juice and sucrose until 18O Brix (T3); kiwi fruit juice and sucrose until 18O Brix and nutrients (T4); kiwi fruit juice and sucrose until 22O Brix (T5); and kiwi fruit juice and sucrose until 22O Brix and nutrients (T6). The alcoholic fermentation occurred at 28O C, with 10(6) CFU/mL of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Only treatments 1, 3 and 5 were used in the acetic fermentation since the addition of nutrients didn't influence ethanol production. In acetic fermentation vertical generator (PG), at room temperature, and submerged fermentator (PS), at 25O C, 500rpm agitation an oxygen flow of 0.05vvm, both in a 2-liter work volume were utilised. The alcoholic fermentation yield varied between 38.65 and 47.23%, with efficiency of 75.62 to 92.41% and it's productivity between 0.74 and 2.0g/L.h. The pH values were higher at the end of the process in treatments with lower concentrations of total sugars (T1 and T2). In acetic fermentation at the PG, the composition of mashes didn't increase acetic acid production, but for PS initial higher concentrations of ethanol were more productive. The vinegars obtained by PS, produced in 12 hours between 1.00 and 1.78% (p/v) acetic acid, with yields varying between 93.24 and 98.34% and productivity between 0.83 and 1.73g/L.h. The sensory analysis performed with a ranking test showed that kiwi fruit vinegars obtained by PG were better than those obtained by PS, with acceptability indexes above 70%. The analyzed data showed that it is possible to produce kiwi fruit vinegar using surplus production fruits to diversify the products.