Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate reproductive traits in adults of Astyanax lacustris subjected to different spawning inducers. The study involved 240 females (12.54 g ± 2.33 and 7.66 cm ± 0.63 cm) and 240 males (5.83 g ± 0.39 g and 6.14 cm ± 0.64 cm), all at reproductive age. Three different inducers were evaluated: (i) 0.4 pellets of Ovopel®/kg of body weight; (ii) 0.5 ml of buserelin acetate/kg of body weight; and (iii) carp pituitary extract (CPE) (5.5 mg CPE/kg body weight for females and 2.5 mg CPE/kg body weight for males), as well as saline solution (without hormone). The degree-hours for spawning were greater (P<0.05) for the Ovopel® treatment (with 204.93) than in the treatment with CPE (183.2). Ovary weight and gonadosomatic index were higher (P<0.05) in CPE and Ovopel® treatments when compared to buserelin acetate. The number of oocytes per female, absolute and relative fecundity were greater (P<0.05) for Ovopel® and CPE treatments. Fertilization rate was higher (P<0.05) in treatment with buserelin acetate (82.3%) in relation to Ovopel® (72.33%) and CPE (62.40%) treatments, and the highest (P<0.05) hatching rates were achieved with buserelin acetate and Ovopel®. The number of larvae per female body weight was greater (P<0.05) when Ovopel® was used. In conclusion, Ovopel® proves to be a more effective reproductive inducer for induced reproduction of A. lacustris when compared to CPE and buserelin acetate.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características reprodutivas em adultos de Astyanax lacustris submetidos a diferentes indutores da desova. Foram utilizadas 240 fêmeas (12,54 g ± 2,33 e 7,66 cm ± 0,63 cm) e 240 machos (5,83 g ± 0,39 g e 6,14 cm ± 0,64 cm), todos em idade reprodutiva. Três diferentes indutores foram avaliados: (i) 0,4 pellets de Ovopel®/kg de peso corporal; (ii) 0,5 ml de acetato de buserelina/kg de peso corporal; e (iii) Extrato de Pituitária de Carpa (CPE) (5,5 mg CPE/kg de peso corporal para fêmeas e 2,5 mg de CPE/kg de peso corporal para machos) e solução salina (sem hormônio). Horas-grau para desova foi maior (P<0,05) no tratamento com Ovopel® (204,93) do que no tratamento com CPE (183,2). O peso das gônadas e o índice gonadossomático foram maiores (P<0,05) nos tratamentos com CPE e Ovopel® quando comparados ao acetato de buserelina. O número de oócitos por fêmea, a fecundidade absoluta e relativa foram maiores (P<0,05) para os tratamentos com Ovopel® e CPE. A taxa de fertilização foi maior (P<0,05) no tratamento com acetato de buserelina (82,3%) em relação aos tratamentos com Ovopel® (72,33%) e CPE (62,40%); e maior (P<0,05) taxa de eclosão foi obtida nos tratamentos com acetato de buserelina e Ovopel®. O número de larvas por peso corporal da fêmea foi maior (P<0,05) quando utilizado Ovopel®. Conclui-se que Ovopel® é um indutor reprodutivo mais eficaz para a reprodução induzida de A. lacustris quando comparado ao CPE e ao acetato de buserelina.

The objective of the present study was to determine the efficacy of detection of antigliadin immunoglobulins G and A (IgG and IgA) for the diagnosis of celiac disease in a developing country, since other enteropathies might alter the levels of these antibodies. Three groups were studied: 22 patients with celiac disease (mean age: 30.6 months), 61 patients with other enteropathies (mean age: 43.3 months), and 46 patients without enteropathies (mean age: 96.9 months). Antigliadin IgG and IgA ELISA showed sensitivity of 90.9 and 95.5%, respectively. With the hypothetical values of prevalence ranging from 1:500 to 1:2000 liveborns, the positive predictive value varied from 8.5 to 2.3% for IgG and from 4.8 to 1.1% for IgA. Considering the patients without enteropathies, specificity was 97.8 and 95.7% for IgG and IgA, respectively. In patients with other enteropathies, specificity was 82.0 and 84.1%, respectively. When patients with and without other enteropathies were considered as a whole, specificity was 88.8 and 91.6%, respectively. The specificity of positive IgG or IgA was 93.5% in children without enteropathies and 78.7% in the presence of other enteropathies. The negative predictive value for hypothetical prevalences varying from 1:500 to 1:2000 liveborns was 99.9%. Thus, even in developing countries where the prevalence of non-celiac enteropathies is high, the determination of serum antigliadin antibody levels is a useful screening test prior to the jejunal biopsy in the investigation of intestinal malabsorption.

In hospital-based series viral hepatitis B has been frequently described in association with schistosomiasis whilst in field-based studies the association has not been confirmed. The association between schistosomiasis and Salmonella bacteraemia has been well documented. More recently, acute schistosomiasis has been shown to be a facilitating factor in the genesis of pyogenic liver abscesses caused by Staphylococcus aureus. New evidences indicate an interaction between the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and schistosomiasis. In this paper, data on the association of schistosomiasis with other infections are updated.