Resumo As matas ripárias são importantes corredores de biodiversidade entre os grupos. Essas florestas foram muito alteradas ou suprimidas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Este estudo investiga a variação da riqueza de espécies e distribuição de samambaias e licófitas de dezoito áreas de estudo em diferentes estágios de sucessão em matas ripárias da região do rio Taquari. Amostras de samambaias e licófitas foram coletadas utilizando a metodologia de caminhamento ao longo do rio Taquari durante dois anos. A riqueza foi comparada nos diferentes estágios de sucessão (formações remanescentes avançadas, intermediárias e iniciais) por meio de análise de variância e um teste randomizado, no qual foram registradas cerca de 22 espécies: 19 espécies estavam em estágio avançado de sucessão, nove espécies estavam no estágio intermediário e sete espécies estavam em estágio inicial de sucessão. A riqueza média foi significativamente maior nas áreas em estágio avançado de sucessão. O alto valor das espécies comuns encontradas nos estágios intermediários destaca a importância da preservação das matas ripárias em todos os estágios de sucessão do rio Taquari como alternativa para preservação da biodiversidade local.

Abstract Riparian forests are important biodiversity corridors among groups. Such forests were greatly altered or suppressed in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This study investigates the variation of species richness and distribution of ferns and lycophytes of eighteen study areas at different stages of succession in riparian forests of the Taquari River region. Fern and lycophyte samples were collected using the pathway methodology along the Taquari River during two years. The richness was compared at the different succession stages (advanced remnant formations, intermediate and initial) through analysis of variance and a randomized test, in which about 22 species were recorded: 19 species were at the advanced stage of succession, nine species were at the intermediate stage and seven species were at the initial stage of succession. The average richness was significantly higher in areas at advanced stage of succession. The high value of common species found at intermediate stages highlights the importance of preserving riparian forests at all stages of succession in the Taquari River as alternative for preserving the local biodiversity.

Abstract Vasconcellea quercifolia A.St-Hil. (Caricaceae) is a non-conventional food plant (PANC) of Brazil. The aim of this study was to investigate the physical, chemical, and nutritional properties of green and ripe fruits and medullary parenchyma of V. quercifolia A.St-Hil., in order to develop functional foods. We determined humidity, pH, ash content, protein content, carbohydrate content, fibre content, carotenoid content, ascorbic acid content, and aminograms of green and ripe fruits and of medullary parenchyma from three specimens, following existing methodologies. Green fruits had higher protein and fibre contents, and ripe fruits had higher ash, carbohydrate, and carotenoid contents, higher than other most consumed fruits. On the other hand, medullary parenchyma had higher ash content and humidity. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and lysine were the amino acids with the highest contents, mainly in green fruits. Aside from medullary parenchyma, used as food in the past, both green and ripe fruits can be used for the development of new food products with functional properties and potential for new alternatives for consumption.

ABSTRACT Vegetable oils present important pharmacological properties, which gained ground in the pharmaceutical field. Its encapsulation in nanoemulsions is considered a promising strategy to facilitate the applicability of these natural compounds and to potentiate the actions. These formulations offer several advantages for topical and systemic delivery of cosmetic and pharmaceutical agents including controlled droplet size, protection of the vegetable oil to photo, thermal and volatilization instability and ability to dissolve and stabilize lipophilic drugs. For these reasons, the aim of this review is to report on some characteristics, preparation methods, applications and especially analyze recent research available in the literature concerning the use of vegetable oils with therapeutic characteristics as lipid core in nanoemulsions, specially from Brazilian flora, such as babassu (Orbignya oleifera), aroeira (Schinus molle L.), andiroba (Carapa guaianiensis), casca-de-anta (Drimys brasiliensis Miers), sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus Vogel) and carqueja doce (Stenachaenium megapotamicum) oils.

Nanoemulsions composed of a medium-chain triglyceride oil core stabilized by rapeseed or sunflower lecithins were prepared by spontaneous emulsification and high-pressure homogenization. These nanoemulsions are compared with formulations stabilized by egg lecithin. Nanoemulsions obtained by high-pressure homogenization display larger droplet size (230 to 440 nm) compared with those obtained by spontaneous emulsification (190 to 310 nm). The zeta potentials of the emulsions were negative and below -25 mV. Zeta potential inversion occurred between pH 3.0 and 4.0. The results demonstrate the feasibility of preparing lipid emulsions comprising rapeseed or sunflower lecithins by spontaneous emulsification and high-pressure homogenization.

Lipid nanoemulsions have recently been proposed as parenteral delivery systems for poorly-soluble drugs. These systems consist of nanoscale oil/water dispersions stabilized by an appropriate surfactant system in which the drug is incorporated into the oil core and/or adsorbed at the interface. This article reviews technological aspects of such nanosystems, including their composition, preparation methods, and physicochemical properties. From this review, it was possible to identify five groups of nanoemulsions based on their composition. Biopharmaceutical aspects of formulations containing some commercially available drugs (diazepam, propofol, dexamethasone, etomidate, flurbiprofen and prostaglandin E1) were then discussed.

This study describes the validation of a spectrophotometric method to estimate oligonucleotides association with cationic nanoemulsions. Phosphodiester and phosphorothioate oligonucleotides targeting Plasmodium falciparum topoisomerase II were analyzed at 262 nm. Linear response (r > 0.998) was observed from 0.4 to 1.0 nmol/mL, the relative standard deviation values for the intra- and inter-days precision were lower than 2.6% and the recovery ranged from 98.8 to 103.6% for both oligonucleotides. The association efficiency was estimated based on an ultrafiltration/centrifugation method. Oligonucleotides recovery through 30 kDa-membranes was higher than 92%. The extent of oligonucleotides association (42 to 98%) varied with the composition of nanoemulsions

Este artigo fundamenta-se em pesquisa que visou a conhecer os índices oficiais sobre práticas violentas do Município de Chapecó (SC), e envolveu procedimentos de métodos mistos por meio de levantamento em bancos de dados sobre mortalidade por causas externas, agressões, furtos e roubos, no período de 1998 a 2008. Os resultados apontaram tanto os acidentes de transporte e os homicídios como os tipos de mortalidade por causas externas que mais afetam o Município, seguidos do suicídio. As principais vítimas são do sexo masculino. Nos registros policiais, destacaram-se acidentes de trânsito, furtos, lesões corporais e roubos. Analisa-se a necessidade de se compreender as violências contemporâneas como um tema transversal do conjunto de políticas públicas, a segurança pública como um direito fundamental, e os Municípios como cogestores da área de segurança e na prevenção de violências. Ressalta-se a importância da constituição de estratégias de prevenção de violências e da elaboração de políticas públicas que levem em consideração as especificidades, as dificuldades e o potencial dos Municípios e da atuação inter ou transdisciplinar, sendo importante a contribuição dos profissionais da Psicologia para esse processo.

This article is based on a research that aimed to acknowledge the official index about violent practices concerning the city of Chapecó (SC, Brazil). It included procedures of mixed methods through data raising in data banks about mortality caused by external causes, aggressions and steals from 1998 to 2008. The results revealed that the accidents of transportation and homicides were the types of mortality by external causes that most affect the city, followed by suicide. The main victims are male. In the police reports there were traffic accidents, stealings and body injuries. It is analyzed the need to understand the contemporary violences as a transversal theme in the set of public policies, the public security as an essential right, and the cities as co-managers of the security area and in violence prevention. It is highlighted the importance of the constitution of violence prevention strategies and the development of public policies that consider the specific features, difficulties and potentials of the cities, the inter or trans-subject actuation and the importance of the contribution of Psychology professionals to this process.

Este artículo se fundamenta en investigación llevada a cabo que ha tenido como objetivo conocer los índices oficiales acerca de prácticas violentas referentes al municipio de Chapecó (SC). Han sido involucrados procedimientos de métodos mixtos por medio de levantamiento en bancos de datos sobre mortalidad por causas externas, agresiones, hurtos y robos, en el periodo de 1998 a 2008. Los resultados han señalado los accidentes de transporte y los homicidios como los tipos de mortalidad por causas externas que más afectan el municipio, seguidos del suicidio. Las principales víctimas son del sexo masculino. En los registros policiacos se han destacado los accidentes de tránsito, hurtos, lesiones corporales y robos. Se analiza la necesidad de comprenderse las violencias contemporáneas como un tema transversal del conjunto de políticas públicas, la seguridad pública como un derecho fundamental y los municipios como co-gestores del área de seguridad y en la prevención de violencias. Se remarca la importancia de la constitución de estrategias de prevención de violencias y elaboración de políticas públicas que llevan en consideración las especificidades, dificultades y potenciales de los municipios y de la actuación inter o transdisciplinaria, siendo importante la contribución de los profesionales de la Psicología a ese proceso.