Objective: Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate levels of anger among substance users compared to non-user controls and to analyze the possible association between anger and psychoactive substance use (PSU). Methods: The procedures of this review followed the Meta-Analyzes of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIREME, PsycINFO) were searched. Results: Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis; 10 used the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) anger trait subscale and two used the Buss-Perry-Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) anger subscale. The sample included 2,294 users of psychoactive substances and 2,143 non-users, all male. The mean difference in anger scale scores between users and non-users was 2.151 (95%CI 1.166-3.134, p ≤ 0.00, inconsistency index [I2] = 98.83) standard deviations. Age and abstinence duration did not moderate the difference in anger between substance users and non-users. Conclusion: Users of psychoactive substances had elevated anger scores compared to non-users, which represents a high risk of relapse. It is suggested that PSU treatment programs include intensive anger management modules, focusing on factors such as dealing with daily stressors, family conflicts, frustrations, and problems.

Green hydrogen is a fuel capable of promoting sustainable energy development and is gaining attention in the current global energy transition framework. The global shift toward decarbonization has triggered a substantial boost in the hydrogen industry. This study presents an overview of the current status of hydrogen production, regulation of the green hydrogen segment, hydrogen storage, distribution, and transportation, and final use and application. We also critically discuss the viability of adopting green hydrogen in terms of possible economic and environmental impacts as well as the main challenges and opportunities it represents for the Chemical Sciences.

Abstract. The parasitic behavior of eight populations of N. aberrans from different geographical origin on tomato plants cv Miroma was evaluated. Tomato plants 29 days old were transplanted in pots previously inoculated with 0.5 g of galls from each population of nematode. Inoculated plants and control plants were kept for 45 days in a greenhouse. After transplanting (dat), three evaluations of penetration and invasion of juveniles were made at 15, 30 and 45 dat. The results showed that at 15 dat, the populations of Romita, Tetela and Chapingo presented the highest penetration and invasion rates with 58, 50 and 50 juveniles/g of root, respectively. At 30 dat, only the Silao population increased its penetration with 66 juveniles/g root, while the rest of the populations showed a significant decrease in their penetration rates. At the end of the experiment, the number of juveniles had increased, causing root swelling in the plants, mainly in those that were inoculated with the populations of Romita (158 juveniles/g of root) and Tetela (102 juveniles/g of root). In conclusion, there are clear differences in the behavior of the populations of N. aberrans in terms of fertility, penetration capacity and invasion of the root system in tomato plants, depending on their geographical origin.

Resumen. Se evaluó el comportamiento parasítico de ocho poblaciones de N. aberrans de diferente origen geográfico en plantas de jitomate cv. Miroma. Plantas de 29 días de edad se colocaron en macetas previamente inoculadas con 0.5 g de raíces agalladas, de cada población del nematodo, y se mantuvieron en invernadero durante 45 días. Plantas sin inocular fueron incluidas con fines de comparación. Se realizaron tres evaluaciones, a intervalos de 15 días después de la inoculación (ddi), para determinar la penetración e invasión de juveniles en las raíces de las plantas de jitomate. A los 15 ddi, las poblaciones de Romita, Tetela y Chapingo presentaron las mayores tasas de penetración e invasión con 58, 50 y 50 juveniles/g de raíz respectivamente; mientras que a los 30 ddi, la presencia de juveniles en las raíces se redujo significativamente, y solo la población de Silao incrementó su penetración con 66 juveniles/g de raíz. A los 45 ddi, hubo un incremento en la cantidad de juveniles e hinchamientos en las raíces, principalmente con las poblaciones de Romita y Tetela con 158 y 102 juveniles/g de raíz, respectivamente. Existen claras diferencias en el comportamiento de las poblaciones de N. aberrans en cuanto a su fecundidad, capacidad de penetración e invasión del sistema radical en plantas de jitomate, en función de su origen geográfico.

Resumen Este estudio investigó la inclusión del ensilado de orujo de uva (EOU; 0, 10, 20 y 30 %), se evaluó en dietas de corderos, en la ingesta y digestibilidad de nutrientes, balance de nitrógeno y comportamiento ingestivo. Cuatro corderos de la raza Santa Inés con un peso de 21.93 ± 87 kg y aproximadamente siete meses de edad fueron alojados en jaulas metabólicas y distribuidos en un diseño cuadrado latino de 4x4. Los tratamientos consistieron en cuatro dietas con la inclusión de 0, 10, 20 y 30 % de EOU en las dietas. La ingesta de nutrientes se observó con un comportamiento lineal creciente para la ingesta de extracto etéreo (EE) (P<0.05) de acuerdo con el aumento de EE en las dietas, causado por el contenido de EE de las semillas en el EOU. Las dietas no difirieron en los coeficientes de digestibilidad de nutrientes y balance de nitrógeno (P>0.05), con una digestibilidad de materia seca (DMS) media de 678.6 ± 0.62 g kg-1 de MS y retención media de N de 239.78 g kg-1 de N ingerido. El comportamiento ingestivo de las dietas solo influyó (P<0.05) en el tiempo que los animales permanecieron inactivos de pie. Este parámetro mostró un comportamiento cuadrático con un punto máximo estimado en 17.73 % de EOU (P=0.041). En conclusión, se puede hacer uso de EOU hasta un nivel de inclusión del 30 % sin afectar negativamente a los parámetros evaluados.

Abstract This study investigated the inclusion of grape pomace silage (GPS; 0, 10, 20 and 30%) were evaluated in diets of lambs on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance and ingestive behavior. Four lambs of the Santa Inês breed with weight of 21.93 ± 0.87 kg and approximately seven months old, were housed in metabolic cages and distributed in a 4x4 latin square design. The treatments consisted of four diets with the inclusion of 0, 10, 20 and 30% GPS in diets. The nutrient intake was observed an increasing linear behavior for ether extract (EE) intake (P<0.05) according to the increase of EE in the diets, caused by content of EE of seeds in GPS. The diets did not differ in the digestibility coefficients of nutrients and nitrogen balance (P>0.05), with average digestibility of dry matter digestibility (DDM) of 678.6 ± 0.62 g kg-1 DM and average retention of 239.78 g kg-1 N ingested of N. The ingestive behavior the diets were influenced (P<0.05) by only the length of time that the animals remained idle in standing. This parameter showed a quadratic behavior with a maximum point estimated at 17.73 % of GPS (P=0.041). In conclusion, the use of GPS can be used until inclusion level of 30 % without negatively affecting the parameters evaluated.

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the effect of inclusion levels of dietary fiber in the Japanese quail diets. 480 Japanese quail were distributed in a completely randomized design, with 5 treatments and 12 replicates composed of 8 birds each. The treatments were constituted by five increasing levels of fiber in the diet: 2.78; 3.08; 3.38; 3.68; 3.98%. The parameters of productive performance, water consumption, egg quality, total lipids in the egg, excreta humidity, weight of digestive organs and intestinal morphology were evaluated. There was no significant effect of the use of different fiber levels on feed intake, egg production, viability, live weight, relative and absolute weight of gizzard, small intestine and cecum, and in excreta moisture of Japanese quais. Higher dietary fiber levels resulted in improvements in feed conversion per mass and per dozen eggs and higher water consumption. There was no significant difference for egg quality, except fot the color of the yolk where it was observed higher pigmentation of this structure with higher levels of fiber inclusion, and the lipid concentration in the buds was influenced in a quadratic manner. The inclusion of fiber promoted improvement in the villi of the duodenum and cecum.

Abstract The scarce information on the effects of the essential oil of T. lucida against nematodes and the richness of native plant populations of this species in some localities at State of Mexico are favorable conditions to derive innocuous natural inputs that make it possible to face problems of galling by N. aberrans in the production of tomato. The objective of this study was to evaluate in greenhouse conditions the application of T. lucida oil from a natural population of Ixtapan of the Sal, State of Mexico in the formation of galls by N. aberrans in tomato seedlings. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation at pilot level with dry weight yield of 0.4% (mL 100 g-1) and analyzed by GC/EM identifying the following major compounds: geranyl acetate (40.8%), β-ocimene (15.1%), nerolidol (8.1%), β-cubebeno (5.1%) and caryophyllene (5.2%). Tomato seedlings in pot were inoculated with N. aberrans (10 mL kg-1 of substrate) and were dosed with oil concentrations from 0.01 to 10 mg mL-1, as preventive and control treatments, in oil application intervals. 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Inhibition of root galling was consistent in the control (TC) treatment than in the preventive one. On TC, oil concentrations of 0.35 and 1 mg mL-1 produced 63 to 80% galling inhibition, and CL50 values of 0.06 mg mL-1 were obtained for intervals 1 and 2, and 0.13 mg mL-1 for the interval 3.

Resumen La escaza información sobre los efectos del aceite esencial de Tagetes lucida contra nematodos y la riqueza de poblaciones nativas de esta especie vegetal en algunas áreas en el Estado de México resultan condiciones favorables para derivar insumos naturales inocuos de esta especie que posibiliten enfrentar problemas de agallamiento por N. aberrans en la producción de jitomate. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar en condiciones de invernadero la aplicación de aceite de T. lucida de una población natural de Ixtapan de la Sal, Estado de México en la formación de agallas por N. aberrans en plántulas de jitomate. El aceite esencial se extrajo por hidrodestilación a nivel piloto con rendimiento en peso seco de 0.4% (mL 100 g-1) y se analizó por CG/EM identificando los compuestos mayoritarios siguientes: acetato de geranilo (40.8%), β-ocimeno (15.1%), nerolidol (8.1%), β-cubebeno (5.1%) y cariofileno (5.2%). Plántulas de jitomate en maceta se inocularon con N. aberrans (10 mL kg-1 de sustrato) y se les dosificaron concentraciones de aceite desde 0.01 hasta 10 mg mL-1, como tratamientos preventivos y de control, en intervalos de aplicación de aceite de 1, 2 y 3 semanas. La inhibición del agallamiento de la raíz fue consistente en el tratamiento de control (TC) que en el preventivo. En TC, concentraciones de aceite de 0.35 y 1 mg mL-1 produjeron 63 a 80% de inhibición del agallamiento y se obtuvieron valores de CL50 de 0.06 mg mL-1 para los intervalos 1 y 2, y de 0.13 mg mL-1 para el intervalo 3.

ABSTRACT From September 2014 to November 2015, 30 Paralichthys orbignyanus specimens were obtained from Sepetiba Bay in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The fishes were necropsied and cestode larvae were recovered from the abdominal cavity, mesentery, and serosas of the stomach, intestine, spleen, liver, kidney and gonads. Nineteen fish were parasitized by a total of 90 trypanorhynch plerocerci. Based on morphological characters, these were identified as Pterobothrium crassicolle. The parasitism indices for P. crassicolle on P. orbignyanus, were 63.3% for prevalence, 4.7 for mean intensity, 3 for mean abundance and 1 to 18 for range of infection. These parasites were studied due to their importance during fish sanitary inspection, if one considers the harm that the repulsive aspect of infected fish may cause to consumers. This is the first record of P. crassicolle plerocerci parasitizing P. orbignyanus.

Global climate change is affecting the world's biodiversity. In Mexico, several lines of research have been developed to forecast the effects of climate change on bird distributions. Knowing which methods are used in Mexico to study the phenomenon can help us to better plan our conservation efforts, determine which species and sites could be most affected, establish which sites and projects must receive more attention to mitigate climate change impacts, and assign limited economic resources in a more efficient way. Here we explore the different approaches used by eight research groups that study the effects of climate change on Mexican avifauna. To date, 87.5% of these groups used three climate change scenarios: A1B, A2 and B2. All groups except one used climatic variables gathered from WorldClim. Further, 62.5 % of the groups use the Canadian (CCCMA) and Australian (CSIRO) general circulatory models and 65% use GARP and MaxEnt species distribution models. There is a need to (1) develop climatic maps with higher resolution, (2) increase collaboration among research groups, (3) identify individual species and areas at major risk, and (4) apply the knowledge already obtained. We propose 17 recommendations for the development of future studies of the effects of global climate change on birds in Mexico. The results of this work could allow policy makers and land managers to plan the most appropriate conservation strategies for the future.

El cambio climático está impactando la biodiversidad en el planeta. En México diferentes líneas de investigación se han desarrollado para estudiar los efectos del cambio climático en la distribución de su avifauna. Entender qué enfoques se usan en el país para estudiar este fenómeno puede ayudar a planear mejor los esfuerzos de conservación, determinar qué especies y sitios serían los más afectados, ubicar qué lugares y qué proyectos deberían recibir más atención para asignar los pocos recursos económicos existentes de manera más eficiente. En este documento describimos los enfoques usados por ocho grupos de investigación que estudian los efectos del cambio climático en la avifauna mexicana. El 87.5% usó tres escenarios de cambio climático: A1B, A2 y B2. Todos los grupos, salvo uno, usaron las variables de WorldClim. El 62.5% usó los modelos de circulación general canadiense (CCCMA) y australiano (CSIRO) y el 87.5% usó GARP o MaxEnt para modelar la distribución de especies. Se requiere avanzar en cuatro áreas: (1) elaborar mapas climáticos con mayor resolución, (2) incrementar la colaboración entre grupos de investigación, (3) realizar estudios de identificación de especies y áreas en mayor riesgo, y (4) aplicar los conocimientos que se tienen a la fecha. Proponemos 17 recomendaciones que, de seguirse, podrían determinar que el desarrollo futuro de estas cuatro áreas influya en la conservación de las aves habitando en México. Los resultados de este trabajo podrían ayudar a los científicos, tomadores de decisiones y manejadores de recursos naturales a planear estrategias de conservación apropiadas para el futuro.

A multimistura como um produto, vem sendo largamente difundida no Brasil, sendo sistematizada, primeiramente pela Drª. Clara Brandão e implementada pela Pastoral da Criança da CNBB, associada as suas ações na área de atenção básica à saúde. Sua formulação varia de acordo com a disponibilidade local dos ingredientes, mas basicamente é composta de alimentos não convencionais na dieta habitual, entre eles os farelos, pó de casca de ovo, folhas verde-escuras e sementes. É um produto considerado como complemento nutricional, visando suprir deficiências nutricionais, principalmente em crianças desnutridas. No entanto, a biodisponibilidade de seus nutrientes e presença de fatores antinutricionais têm gerado polêmica e oferecido restrições ao seu emprego como tal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a composição mineral (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, Zn) de diferentes formulações de multimistura, visando conhecer o seu perfil como complemento nutricional de minerais, para crianças menores de cinco anos de idade. Diante dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que o teor de cinzas (resíduo mineral fixo) em 80% das amostras analisadas estavam abaixo do valor mínimo preconizado no Regulamento Técnico para Fixação de Identidade e Qualidade de Mistura à Base de Farelos de Cereais e que a dose recomendada de multimistura, para essa faixa etária, não atinge o valor percentual da IDR que a qualificaria como complemento nutricional para esses minerais.

The "multimistura" is a broad distributed product in Brazil, first formulated by Dr. Clara Brandão and introduced by the CNBB (National Conference of Brazil Bishops), Children Pastoral as part of its activities in the health basic attention area. Its formula varies according to local ingredient availability but basically is compounded by non-conventional habitual diet kinds of food, among them are bran, egg shelf powder, dark green leaves and nuts and seeds. It is considered as a nutritional complement used to supply nutritional deficiencies mostly in underweight children. However, a controversy was created due to the real bioavailability of its nutrients and the presence in it of non-nutritional factors. These factors have restricted its use in this way. This research had as an objective measure the mineral composition (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, Zn) of various "multimistura" formulations, by the espectrophotometry of atomic absorption, in a way to know its profile as a mineral nutritional complement for children up to five years old. By the results obtained it was seen that, in 80% of the samples, the ash content (fixed mineral rest) was below the minimum value expected in its Technical Rules for Identity Fixation and Quality of Mixtures Based in Cereal Bran. (RDC n. 53, 2000) where, the recommend dose for the "multimistura" in this age range does not signoficantly reache the DRI (Daily Recommended Ingestion). By this way, the formulations studied cannot be used as a nutritional complement for these minerals.

Tumores tireoideanos são raros na infância e adolescência. Foram revisados os prontuários de quinze pacientes (8 do sexo feminino) com idades entre 5,8 e 15,2 anos, atendidos na Unidade de Endocrinologia Pediátrica (UEP) do HC-UFPR entre fevereiro de 1988 e março de 2003. Nódulo cervical anterior foi a queixa inicial mais freqüente. Dez pacientes eram portadores de carcinoma papilífero (CP), quatro apresentavam carcinoma medular (CMT; dos quais, três com NEM-2B) e um, carcinoma folicular. Dois pacientes com NEM-2B apresentam mutação de novo (Met918Thr) do proto-oncogene RET. PAAF, efetuada em dez pacientes, foi positiva para neoplasia em cinco deles. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a tireoidectomia total. Terapia adjuvante com 131I foi realizada em dez pacientes. Dois pacientes faleceram por doença não relacionada ao tumor. Nove pacientes não apresentam evidência clínica ou laboratorial do tumor; um (CP) apresentou recidiva 5 anos após o tratamento inicial e três (1 CP, 2 CMT) ainda têm evidência da doença. Nossos dados estão de acordo com a literatura em relação ao prognóstico e manifestações clínicas. Entretanto, a prevalência de CMT (27%), a distribuição por sexo e os resultados da PAAF diferem da maioria das casuísticas publicadas, o que pode ser atribuído ao número de casos aqui relatado.

Thyroid tumors are rare in childhood and adolescence. A retrospective analysis was done of fifteen patients (8 female) with thyroid carcinoma attended in the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit of the HC-UFPR, from February 1988 to March 2003. The most frequent initial complaint was an anterior cervical nodule. Ten patients were papillary carcinoma (PTC) bearers, four had medullary carcinoma (MTC; three of them with MEN-2B) and one had follicular carcinoma. Two patients with MEN-2B have de novo proto-oncogene RET mutation (Met918Thr). Fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed in ten patients and was malignancy positive in only five of them. All patients underwent total thyroidectomy. Adjuvant radioiodine (131I) therapy was made in ten patients. Two patients died from unrelated diseases. Nine patients presented no clinical or laboratorial evidence of disease; one (PTC) developed recurrence 5 years after initial treatment and three (1 PTC, 2 MTC) have disease evidence yet. Our prognosis and clinical manifestations data are according to the literature. However, MTC prevalence (27%), sex distribution and FNA results differ from the majority of published casuistics, that can be atributed to the number of cases reported here.

We examined some of the mechanisms by which the aspirin metabolite and the naturally occurring metabolite gentisic acid induced relaxation of the guinea pig trachea in vitro. In preparations with or without epithelium and contracted by histamine, gentisic acid caused concentration-dependent and reproducible relaxation, with mean EC50 values of 18 µM and Emax of 100% (N = 10) or 20 µM and Emax of 92% (N = 10), respectively. The relaxation caused by gentisic acid was of slow onset in comparison to that caused by norepinephrine, theophylline or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The relative rank order of potency was: salbutamol 7.9 > VIP 7.0 > gentisic acid 4.7 > theophylline 3.7. Gentisic acid-induced relaxation was markedly reduced (24 ± 7.0, 43 ± 3.9 and 78 ± 5.6%) in preparations with elevated potassium concentration in the medium (20, 40 or 80 mM, respectively). Tetraethylammonium (100 µM), a nonselective blocker of the potassium channels, partially inhibited the relaxation response to gentisic acid, while 4-AP (10 µM), a blocker of the voltage potassium channel, inhibited gentisic acid-induced relaxation by 41 ± 12%. Glibenclamide (1 or 3 µM), at a concentration which markedly inhibited the relaxation induced by the opener of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, levcromakalim, had no effect on the relaxation induced by gentisic acid. Charybdotoxin (0.1 or 0.3 µM), a selective blocker of the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, caused rightward shifts (6- and 7-fold) of the gentisic acid concentration-relaxation curve. L-N G-nitroarginine (100 µM), a NO synthase inhibitor, had no effect on the relaxant effect of gentisic acid, and caused a slight displacement to the right in the relaxant effect of the gentisic acid curve at 300 µM, while methylene blue (10 or 30 µM) or ODQ (1 µM), the inhibitors of soluble guanylate cyclase, all failed to affect gentisic acid-induced relaxation. D-P-Cl-Phe6,Leu17[VIP] (0.1 µM), a VIP receptor antagonist, significantly inhibited (37 ± 7%) relaxation induced by gentisic acid, whereas CGRP (8-37) (0.1 µM), a CGRP antagonist, only slightly enhanced the action of gentisic acid. Taken together, these results provide functional evidence for the direct activation of voltage and large-conductance Ca+2-activated K+ channels, or indirect modulation of potassium channels induced by VIP receptors and accounts for the predominant relaxation response caused by gentisic acid in the guinea pig trachea.