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Resumo A tilápia tem tolerância a altas temperaturas, pode se reproduzir em cativeiro, crescer rápido e tem excelente custo-benefício. Por essas características, esta espécie é de grande interesse na aquicultura e, atualmente, o pescado mais produzido no Brasil. No entanto, com o aumento da produção de tilápias, houve também um aumento na quantidade de resíduos orgânicos, principalmente da filetagem, que descarta 70% dos resíduos. Existem muitos estudos sobre a extração de colágeno da pele de tilápia como alternativa para reduzir esses resíduos e agregar valor comercial. Neste trabalho, a extração do concentrado protéico foi testada utilizando um protocolo ácido, no qual as peles de tilápia foram submetidas a um pré-tratamento em meio ácido e precipitação salina, com variações de tempo e concentração. Após sua extração, a pele foi avaliada quanto a cinzas, umidade, proteína, solubilidade e pH. O concentrado protéico obtido apresentou baixos teores de cinzas, e a umidade está dentro dos apresentados pela literatura. O concentrado protéico apresentou teores de 68,73 a 80,58% de proteína e uma baixa solubilidade entre 4,03 a 6,93%. Em conclusão, a extração ácida é um possível meio de extração de colágeno, e a pele de tilápia é uma boa alternativa para reaproveitar os resíduos gerados na indústria de pescados.

Abstract Tilapia has high-temperature tolerance, can breed in captivity, grow fast, and have excellent cost-benefit. Because of these characteristics, this species is of great interest in aquaculture and, currently, the most produced fish in Brazil. However, by increasing tilapia production, there was also a rise in the amount of organic waste, mainly from filleting, which discards 70% of waste. There are many studies on collagen extraction from tilapia skin as an alternative to reduce these residues and add commercial value. In this work, the extraction of protein concentrate was tested using an acid protocol, in which the tilapia skins underwent a pre-treatment in an acid medium and saline precipitation, with variations in time and concentration. After its extraction, the skin was evaluated for ash, moisture, protein, solubility, and pH. The protein concentrate obtained showed low ash contents, and the humidity is within those presented by the literature. The protein concentrate showed levels from 68.73 to 80.58% of protein and a low solubility between 4.03 to 6.93%. In conclusion, acid extraction is a possible means of collagen extraction, and tilapia skin is a good alternative to reuse waste generated in the fish industry.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.255440

Ivermectin as a possible treatment for COVID-19: a review of the 2022 protocols
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Marques, L. L. M.

; Beneti, S. C.

; Pinzon, C.

; Cardoso, F. A. R.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volumen 84 elocation e258325

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A ivermectina é um fármaco seguro e eficaz em seres humanos e é aprovado para uso em inúmeras infecções parasitárias há mais de 50 anos. Além disso, muitos estudos já evidenciaram sua atividade antiviral. A ivermectina é geralmente bem tolerada, sem indicação de toxicidade associada ao sistema nervoso central para doses até 10 vezes a dose mais alta, aprovada pelo FDA (Food and Drug Administration), de 200 µg/kg. Os resultados in vitro da ivermectina para redução da carga viral do SARS-CoV-2 são promissores e mostram que a Ivermectina mata o SARS-CoV-2 dentro de 48 horas. Uma hipótese de mecanismo de ação para esta droga é uma provável inibição da importação nuclear de proteínas virais mediada por IMPα / β1 como demonstrado para outros vírus de RNA. No entanto, estudos controlados e randomizados são necessários para comprovar sua eficácia na COVID-19 em humanos. Em um único estudo in vivo com resultados publicados, pacientes confirmadamente infectados por SARS-CoV-2 receberam pelo menos uma dose de ivermectina em qualquer momento durante a hospitalização. A utilização da ivermectina foi associada a menor mortalidade durante o tratamento com COVID-19, especialmente em pacientes que necessitaram de maior oxigênio inspirado ou suporte ventilatório. Adicionalmente, 81 estudos com o uso clínico da ivermectina em humanos estão sendo realizados em todo o mundo segundo o site ClinicalTrials.gov. Porém, nenhum destes teve seus dados publicados até o momento. No entanto, entidades privadas e públicas no Brasil vêm adotando este medicamento em seus protocolos como profilaxia e na fase inicial da doença. Além disto, a ivermectina é utilizada no tratamento em massa na prevenção da oncocercose e filariose linfática na África subsaariana há muitos anos. Surpreendentemente, esta região possui o menor índice de mortalidade proporcional entre os continentes, apesar dos números crescentes de contaminados divulgados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde.

Abstract Ivermectin is a safe and effective drug in humans and has been approved for use in numerous parasitic infections for over 50 years. In addition, many studies have already shown its antiviral activity. Ivermectin is generally well tolerated, with no indication of central nervous system-associated toxicity at doses up to 10 times the highest FDA-approved dose of 200 µg/kg. The in vitro results of ivermectin for reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load are promising and show that Ivermectin kills SARS-CoV-2 within 48 hours. A hypothesized mechanism of action for this drug is a likely inhibition of IMPα/β1-mediated nuclear import of viral proteins as demonstrated for other RNA viruses. However, controlled and randomized studies are needed to prove its effectiveness in COVID-19 in humans. In a single in vivo study with published results, patients confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 received at least one dose of ivermectin at any time during hospitalization. The use of ivermectin was associated with lower mortality during treatment with COVID-19, especially in patients who required increased inspired oxygen or ventilatory support. Additionally, 81 studies with the clinical use of ivermectin in humans are being carried out worldwide according to ClinicalTrials.gov. However, none of these data has been published so far. However, private and public entities in Brazil have been adopting this drug in their protocols as prophylaxis and in the initial phase of the disease. In addition, ivermectin has been used in mass treatment to prevent onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in sub-Saharan Africa for many years. Surprisingly, this region has the lowest proportional mortality rate among the continents, despite the increasing numbers of infected people released by the World Health Organization.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.258325

Isolation of potential zoonotic Mycobacterium spp. from diseased freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) from an aquarium
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Cardoso, P. H. M.

; Moreno, L. Z.

; Ikuta, C. Y.

; Rodrigues, M. V.

; Donola, S. T.

; Heinemann, M. B.

; Balian, S. C.

; Moreno, A. M.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volumen 84 elocation e262851

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A infecção por micobactérias não tuberculosas é uma das doenças bacterianas crônicas mais comuns em peixes ornamentais de aquário e parece estar diretamente relacionada a práticas de manejo estressantes. Além disso, também representa potencial zoonótico. Aqui, apresentamos o isolamento e a caracterização de micobactérias não tuberculosas de peixes-anjo de água doce doentes (Pterophyllum scalare) em São Paulo, Brasil. Foram avaliadas nove fêmeas reprodutoras descartadas com sinais de doença. Os peixes exibiam letargia, perda de apetite, caquexia, úlceras cutâneas e exoftalmia. Na necropsia, quatro peixes apresentaram granulomas macroscópicos no baço. Mycobacterium chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare e M. peregrinum foram isolados e identificados por análise de restrição por PCR de hsp65. A análise histopatológica revelou lesões microscópicas compatíveis com micobacteriose, e o bacilo de Mycobacterium foi observado pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. Notavelmente, todas as espécies de Mycobacterium identificadas neste estudo já foram relatadas em pacientes humanos; portanto, animais doentes podem ser uma fonte de infecção para pessoas que manipulam peixes e aquários.

Abstract Nontuberculous mycobacteria infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial diseases in ornamental aquarium fish and appears to be directly related to stressful husbandry practices. Furthermore, it also represents zoonotic potential. Here we present the isolation and characterization of non-tuberculous mycobacteria from diseased freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) in São Paulo, Brazil. Nine discarded breeding females with signs of disease were evaluated. The fish exhibited lethargy, loss of appetite, cachexia, skin ulcers, and exophthalmia. At necropsy, four fishes presented macroscopic granulomas in the spleen. Mycobacterium chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare and M. peregrinum were isolated and identified by hsp65 PCR restriction analysis. Histopathological analysis revealed microscopic lesions compatible with mycobacteriosis, and Mycobacterium bacillus were observed by Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Notably, all Mycobacterium species identified in this study have already been reported in human patients; therefore, diseased animals may be a source of infection for people who handle fish and aquariums.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.262851

A Multi-Plasmonic Approach for Simultaneous Measurements based on a D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor: from Temperature to Optical Dispersion MultiPlasmonic Multi Plasmonic DShaped D Shaped Sensor
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Romeiro, Amanda F.

; Cardoso, Markos P.

; Silva, Anderson O.

; Costa, João C. W. A.

; Giraldi, M. Thereza R.

; Santos, José L.

; Baptista, José M.

; Guerreiro, Ariel

Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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Mar 2023, Volumen 22 Nº 1 Paginas 219 - 229

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The growing demand for multiparameter sensors includes compact devices accompanied by simple calibration processes to distinguish the outputs from each other. This paper evaluates a scheme to determine multiple parameters of a medium using localized surface plasmon resonances (SPR) excited on a Dshaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) partially covered by two gold layers of different thicknesses. We demonstrate that the proposed sensing platform, once customized to characterize the possible dispersive profiles of the refractive index of the analyte, also allows interrogating the temperature of a sample from a linear relationship. Since the plasmonic resonances are excited at separated and low crosstalk spectral channels, different sensing responses can be obtained simultaneously in the same location of the D-shaped PCF. These features turn out the SPR sensor a suitable tool for simultaneous monitoring of optical dispersion and temperature. other (SPR PCF (PCF thicknesses platform analyte relationship channels D shaped

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1270778

Influence of garlic extract on larval performance and survival of juvenile angelfish Pterophyllum scalare during transport
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Mattos, D. C.

; Manhães, J. V. A.

; Cardoso, L. D.

; Aride, P. H. R.

; Lavander, H. D.

; Oliveira, A. T.

; Radael, M. C.

; Azevedo, R. V.

; Vidal Junior, M. V.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volumen 83 elocation e244480

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades do alho como promotor de crescimento em larvas de acará bandeira Pterophyllum scalare e seus benefícios no transporte de juvenis da mesma espécie. O experimento foi conduzido em sistema de recirculação composto por 20 aquários de 40 L de volume útil, dotado de entrada e saída de água independentes e teve a duração de 40 dias. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando 20 unidades experimentais. Foram utilizadas 1.400 larvas de acará bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare) divididas entre os tratamentos. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 mg de extrato de alho por quilo de ração. Os resultados mostraram que não houve efeito significativo dos níveis de inclusão do extrato do alho sobre os índices zootécnicos avaliados e posteriormente no transporte dos juvenis. Também não foi observado influência na sobrevivência das larvas durante o período experimental. Novas pesquisas com dosagens maiores de extratos devem ser realizados para melhor elucidação do efeito do extrato de alho como promotor de crescimento.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of garlic as a growth promoter in larvae of angelfish Pterophyllum scalare and its benefits during transport of juveniles of this species. The experiment was conducted in recirculation aquaculture system, consisting of 20 tanks of 40 L equipped with independent water input and output. We used 1,400 larvae distributed among five treatments, with four repetitions, which totaled 20 experimental units. The treatments were 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg of garlic extract per kilo of feed. The results showed that the inclusion of levels of garlic extract in the feed did not significantly effect the fish’s development or their transport. Neither did the inclusion of levels of garlic extract affect the survival of the larvae during the trial period. New research with extracts of higher dosages should be performed to elucidate the effect of garlic extract as a growth promoter.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.244480 241 descargas

Emotional, hyperactivity and inattention problems in adolescents with immunocompromising chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Campos, Reinan T.

; Lindoso, Livia

; Sousa, Renan A. de

; Helito, Alberto C.

; Ihara, Bianca P.

; Strabelli, Claudia A.A.

; Paradelas, Levi M.V.

; Carneiro, Beatriz O.L.

; Cardoso, Maria Paula R.

; Souza, Jean Paulo V. de

; Freire, Marianna R. de M.

; Astley, Camilla

; Laurentino, Moisés F.

; Buscatti, Izabel M.

; Kozu, Katia

; Aikawa, Nadia E.

; Sallum, Adriana M.E.

; Ferreira, Juliana CO.

; Simon, Juliana R.

; Viana, Vivianne S.L.

; Queiroz, Ligia B.

; Gualano, Bruno

; Roschel, Hamilton

; Pereira, Rosa Maria R.

; Toma, Ricardo K.

; Watanabe, Andréia

; Grangeiro, Patricia M.

; Casella, Caio B.

; Farhat, Sylvia C.

; Polanczyk, Guilherme V.

; Campos, Lucia Maria A.

; Silva, Clovis A.

Clinics

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2023, Volumen 78 elocation 100167

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective: To assess factors associated with emotional changes and Hyperactivity/Inattention (HI) motivated by COVID-19 quarantine in adolescents with immunocompromising diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 343 adolescents with immunocompromising diseases and 108 healthy adolescents. Online questionnaires were answered including socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and validated surveys: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0). Results: The frequencies of abnormal emotional SDQ scores from adolescents with chronic diseases were similar to those of healthy subjects (110/343 [32%] vs. 38/108 [35%], p = 0.548), as well as abnormal hyperactivity/inattention SDQ scores (79/343 [23%] vs. 29/108 [27%], p = 0.417). Logistic regression analysis of independent variables associated with abnormal emotional scores from adolescents with chronic diseases showed: female sex (Odds Ratio [OR = 3.76]; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 2.00–7.05; p < 0.001), poor sleep quality (OR = 2.05; 95% CI 1.08–3.88; p = 0.028) and intrafamilial violence during pandemic (OR = 2.17; 95% CI 1.12–4.19; p = 0.021) as independently associated with abnormal emotional scores, whereas total PedsQL score was inversely associated with abnormal emotional scores (OR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.93–0.96; p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis associated with abnormal HI scores from patients evidenced that total PedsQL score (OR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.95–0.99; p = 0.010], changes in medical appointments during the pandemic (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.19–0.79; p = 0.021), and reliable COVID-19 information (OR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.16–0.77; p = 0.026) remained inversely associated with abnormal HI scores. Conclusion: The present study showed emotional and HI disturbances in adolescents with chronic immunosuppressive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. It reinforces the need to promptly implement a longitudinal program to protect the mental health of adolescents with and without chronic illnesses during future pandemics.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100167

Mortality rates by gender and sexual orientation reveal a disproportionally high mortality among cisgender men of unknown sexual orientation and men who have sex with women in a cohort of people living with HIV in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Coelho, Lara E.

; Torres, Thiago S.

; Jalil, Emilia M.

; Cardoso, Sandra W.

; Moreira, Ronaldo I.

; Calvet, Guilherme A.

; Pacheco, Antonio G.

; Veloso, Valdilea G.

; Grinsztejn, Beatriz

; Luz, Paula M.

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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2023, Volumen 27 Nº 2 elocation 102740

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: Antiretroviral therapy use has led to a decline in HIV-related mortality yet disparities by gender and/or sexual orientation may exist. In this study, we estimated hazards of death in people living with HIV (PLWH) according to gender and sexual orientation. Methods: We included PLWH ≥ 18 years enrolled between 2000 and 2018 at INI/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Participants were grouped as cisgender or transgender women, cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) or men who have sex with women, or cisgender men with unknown sexual orientation. We assessed disparities in the hazard of death using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Among 5,576 PLWH, median age at enrollment was 35 years, 39% were MSM, 28% cisgender women, 23% men who have sex with women, 5% transgender women, and 5% men with unknown sexual orientation. A total of 795 deaths occurred in 39,141 person-years of follow-up. Mortality rates per 1,000 person-years were: 82.4 for men with unknown sexual orientation, 24.5 for men who have sex with women, 18.3 for cisgender, 16.6 for transgender women, and 15.1 for MSM. Compared to MSM, men with unknown sexual orientation had the highest death hazard ratio (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.35–3.81), followed by men who have sex with women (aHR 1.17, 95%CI 0.96, 1.43); death hazard ratios for cisgender and transgender women were not statistically different. Conclusion: We observed disparities in the hazard of death for men with unknown sexual orientation and men who have sex with women despite universal access to antiretroviral therapy in Brazil. Future work should characterize and assist men with unknown sexual orientation with tailored policies and interventions. Increased hazard of death was not observed for transgender women, which probably results from interventions implemented in our service to reach, engage, retain, and support this population.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2023.102740

Aging-related predictive factors for oxygenation improvement and mortality in COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients exposed to prone position: A multicenter cohort study
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Cunha, Marieta C.A.

; Schardong, Jociane

; Righi, Natiele C.

; Lunardi, Adriana C.

; Sant’Anna, Guadalupe N.

; Isensee, Larissa P.

; Xavier, Rafaela F.

; Pompeu, Jose E.

; Weigert, Renata M.

; Matte, Darlan L.

; Cardoso, Rozana A.

; Abras, Ana C.V.

; Silva, Antonio M.V.

; Dorneles, Camila C.

; Werle, Roberta W.

; Starke, Ana C.

; Ferreira, Juliana C.

; Plentz, Rodrigo D.M.

; Carvalho, Celso R.F.

Clinics

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2023, Volumen 78 elocation 100180

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Elderly patients are more susceptible to Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and are more likely to develop it in severe forms, (e.g., Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [ARDS]). Prone positioning is a treatment strategy for severe ARDS; however, its response in the elderly population remains poorly understood. The main objective was to evaluate the predictive response and mortality of elderly patients exposed to prone positioning due to ARDS-COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study involved 223 patients aged ≥ 65 years, who received prone position sessions for severe ARDS due to COVID-19, using invasive mechanical ventilation. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was used to assess the oxygenation response. The 20-point improvement in PaO2/FiO2 after the first prone session was considered for good response. Data were collected from electronic medical records, including demographic data, laboratory/image exams, complications, comorbidities, SAPS III and SOFA scores, use of anticoagulants and vasopressors, ventilator settings, and respiratory system mechanics. Mortality was defined as deaths that occurred until hospital discharge. Results: Most patients were male, with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus as the most prevalent comorbidities. The non-responders group had higher SAPS III and SOFA scores, and a higher incidence of complications. There was no difference in mortality rate. A lower SAPS III score was a predictor of oxygenation response, and the male sex was a risk predictor of mortality. Conclusion: The present study suggests the oxygenation response to prone positioning in elderly patients with severe COVID-19-ARDS correlates with the SAPS III score. Furthermore, the male sex is a risk predictor of mortality.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100180

Levels of energy supplementation for heifers in Tifton 85 pasture on carcass characteristics, internal organs and meat quality
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SILVA, MARCELO A. DA

; ALVES FILHO, DARI C.

; MACHADO, DIEGO S.

; MARTINI, ANA PAULA M.

; CARDOSO, GILMAR S.

; BRONDANI, IVAN LUIZ

; COCCO, JOZIANE M.

; CATTELAM, PATRÍCIA M.M.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volumen 95 Nº 4 elocation e20190309

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of concentrate supplementation on carcass characteristics of heifers finished on Tifton 85 pasture. Thirty-two cross-breed heifers (Charolais and Nellore) on average aged 25.51 months and weighing 298 kg were used in a completely randomized experiment. The animals were distributed uniformly to receive four different levels of concentrates based on the body weight: 0.0; 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2%. Animals were slaughtered at 29 months of age. There was increasing linear effect of levels energy supplementation on: slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights,hot and cold dressing percentage, thigh thickness, carcass compactness, and L* and b* color values. It was observed quadratic effect of levels of energy supplementation on the percentage of fat in the carcass. Different levels of energy supplementation did not modify the accumulation of vital organs and visceral fat or the sensory attributes of the meat. Higher levels of energy supplementation promote increases in carcass traits of heifers when finished on Tifton 85 pasture.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320190309

10.

Parkia from Cerrado: phytochemical bioprospection, toxicity and in vitro bioactivities of bark and flower extracts
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Fernandes, R. M. N.

; Cardoso, C. A. L

; Alves, D. R.

; Morais, S. M.

; Scapin, E.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volumen 83 elocation e275733

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Parkia platycephala is the only species of the genus Parkia that is endemic to the brazilian Cerrado and the tree symbol of the state of Tocantins, but there are still few studies regarding its bioprospecting. In this study, we aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition, toxicity and bioactivities of the bark and flower of Parkia platycephala. Hot sequential extractions (Soxhlet) were performed using methanol and hydroethanolic solution (70%), after degreasing the sample (hexane). The presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids and alkaloids was detected in the preliminary screening. Trilinolein, (Z)-9-octadecenamide, 3-O-methyl-d-glucose were detected by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In the Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector (LC-PDA) analysis, it was detected exclusively ferulic acid (bark) and ellagic acid (flower). The ethanolic extract of the bark (IC50=10.69 ± 0.35 µgmL-1) has an antioxidant potential (DPPH• radical) higher than that of the rutin standard (IC50=15.85 ± 0.08 µgmL-1). All extracts showed excellent anticholinesterase potential (Ellman), with emphasis on the ethanol extract of the flower (IC50 =5.34 ± 0.12 µgmL-1). Regarding toxicity (Artemia salina), the methanolic extract of the bark and the ethanolic extract of the flower presented high and moderate levels, respectively. Such results limit the concentrations of biological activities in this study, however, the antioxidant and anticholinesterase indices fall short of toxicity. The results demonstrated promising antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of both the bark and the flower of Parkia platycephala.

Resumo A Parkia platycephala é a única espécie do gênero Parkia, endêmica do Cerrado brasileiro e a árvore símbolo do estado do Tocantins, porém ainda com pouco estudos com relação a sua bioprospecção. Neste estudo, objetivamos realizar a caracterização fitoquímica, avaliar a toxicidade e as atividades antioxidante e anticolinesterásica dos extratos da casca e da flor da Parkia platycephala. Foram realizadas extrações sequenciais a quente (Soxhlet), utilizando hexano, metanol e solução hidroetanólica (70%). A presença de flavonoides, taninos, esteroides e alcaloides foi detectada na triagem preliminar. A análise por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massa (GC-MS) indicou a presença de variados compostos, tais como trilinoleina, (Z)-9-octadecenamida, 3-O-methyl-d-glucose e methylsulfinyl(methylthio)-methane. Na análise por Cromatografia Líquida com Detector de Arranjo de Diodo (LC-PDA), destacam-se o ácido elágico, presente apenas nos extratos da flor, e o ácido ferúlico, presente apenas nos extratos da casca. Os extratos da casca predominaram quanto ao potencial antioxidante (radical DPPH•), sendo que o extrato etanólico (IC50=10,69 ± 0,35 µgmL-1) superou o padrão rutina (IC50=15,85 ± 0,08 µgmL-1). Todos os extratos apresentaram excelentes potenciais anticolinesterásicos (teste de Ellman), com ênfase no extrato etanólico da flor (IC50=5,34 ± 0,12 µgmL-1). Em relação à toxicidade (Artemia salina), o extrato metanólico da casca e o extrato etanólico da flor, apresentaram níveis elevado e moderado, respectivamente. Tais resultados limitam as concentrações das atividades biológicas deste estudo, entretanto, os índices antioxidante e anticolinesterásico ficam aquém da toxicidade. Os resultados mostraram as promissoras atividades antioxidante e anticolinesterásica da casca e flor da Parkia platycephala.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.275733

11.

Agronomic parameters of sugarcane under planting densities in different cultivation cycles
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Costa, J. E.

; Silva, J. H. B.

; Silva, I. D. N.

; Silva, G. M. L.

; Nascimento, R. R. A.

; Silva, J. S. L.

; Barbosa, J. M. S.

; Cardoso, E. V. B.

; Silva, A. V.

; Nascimento, M. A.

; Santos, J. P. O.

; Martins, A. H. P. C.

; Pereira Neto, F.

; Amorim, P. M. D.

; Silva, B. O. T.

; Almeida, L. J. M.

; Mielezrski, F.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volumen 83 elocation e278007

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Low density sugarcane plantation (LDSP) has been implemented by some sugarcane producers in Brazil, aiming to save seeds and operational costs. The study was carried out in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba, Brazil. Five planting densities were used, varying from 5 to 25 m-2 of buds arranged in randomized blocks, with four replications. Data were measured annually over three cultivation cycles (2017 to 2020), during which the field was fertilized with NPK and the harvests were carried out manually without prior burning. The lower planting density presents higher productivity only in the cane plant (101.03 t ha-1) due to the higher plant height (2.37 m) and the higher number of stalks (11 stalks m-2), suggesting that these variables are due to the greater availability of light, water and photosynthate. However, there is a drastic reduction in sugarcane yield for this lower population in the 2nd ratoon by up to 65.62%, which is correlated with number of stalks per meter. We demonstrate the agronomic viability of LDSP in the population of 10 buds m-2 in relation to conventional planting of sugarcane until the 2nd ratoon. Data are important for future studies to present additional considerations for other production factors, such as the effects of mechanized harvesting and the management of nutrients and water, assessing the sustainability of this large-scale planting system.

Resumo O método de plantio de cana-de-açúcar de baixa densidade (LDSP) vem sendo implementado por alguns produtores de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, visando economia de sementes e custos operacionais. O estudo foi realizado no município de Areia, Paraíba, Brasil. Utilizou-se cinco densidades de plantio, variando de 5 a 25 m-2 de gemas dispostas em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os dados foram medidos anualmente ao longo de três ciclos de cultivo (2017 a 2020). Menor densidade de plantio mostrou maior produtividade (101,03 t ha-1) devido à maior altura de planta (2,37 m) e ao maior número de hastes (NS) (11 hastes m-2), sugerindo que essas variáveis são devido à maior disponibilidade de luz, água e fotoassimilados. No entanto, houve redução drástica na produtividade da cana-de-açúcar para esta população menor na 2ª soca em 65,62%, estando correlacionado com o número de colmos por metro. Demonstramos a viabilidade agronômica do LDSP em uma população de 10 gemas m-2 em relação ao plantio convencional de cana-de-açúcar até a 2ª soca. Os dados são importantes para que estudos futuros apresentem considerações adicionais sobre outros fatores de produção, como os efeitos da colheita mecanizada e do manejo de nutrientes e água, avaliando a sustentabilidade desse sistema de plantio em larga escala.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.278007

12.

Comparative analysis of the use of natural and synthetic antioxidants in chicken meat: an update review meat
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Barbosa, A. C. S.

; Mendes, P. S.

; Mattos, G.

; Fuchs, R. H. B.

; Marques, L. L. M.

; Beneti, S. C.

; Heck, S. C.

; Droval, A. A.

; Cardoso, F. A. R.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volumen 83 elocation e275539

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A busca por alimentos saudáveis tem atraído a atenção da indústria para o desenvolvimento de produtos que utilizam ingredientes naturais, incluindo antioxidantes naturais. Os antioxidantes atuam como radicais livres ou sequestradores de oxigênio, inibindo a oxidação lipídica e afetando adversamente a qualidade sensorial e nutricional dos produtos cárneos. Vários antioxidantes sintéticos têm sido usados na indústria da carne; no entanto, estudos apontam riscos à saúde relacionados ao seu consumo. Tal fato impulsiona a pesquisa de antioxidantes naturais extraídos de grãos, oleaginosas, especiarias, frutas e vegetais, que podem ter um efeito de promoção da saúde. Este manuscrito avalia a eficácia de vários antioxidantes naturais na melhoria da qualidade e prazo de validade de produtos de carne de frango durante o processamento, armazenamento e distribuição. Os efeitos potenciais de antioxidantes naturais amplamente utilizados em produtos de frango também são discutidos. Pode-se concluir que esses antioxidantes naturais são possíveis substitutos dos sintéticos. No entanto, seu uso pode afetar as características do produto. oxigênio cárneos entanto consumo grãos oleaginosas especiarias vegetais processamento distribuição discutidos Podese Pode se produto

Abstract The search for healthy foods has attracted the industry’s attention to developing products that use natural ingredients, including natural antioxidants. Antioxidants act as free radicals or oxygen scavengers, inhibiting lipid oxidation and adversely affecting meat products' sensory and nutritional quality. Several synthetic antioxidants have been used in the meat industry; however, studies point to health risks related to their consumption. Such fact drives research into natural antioxidants extracted from grains, oilseeds, spices, fruits, and vegetables, which may have a health-promoting effect. This manuscript evaluates the effectiveness of several natural antioxidants in improving the quality and shelf life of chicken meat products during processing, storage, and distribution. The potential effects of natural antioxidants widely used in chicken products are also discussed. It can be concluded that these natural antioxidants are possible substitutes for synthetic ones. However, their use can affect the product's characteristics. industrys industry s ingredients scavengers however consumption grains oilseeds spices fruits vegetables healthpromoting promoting effect processing storage distribution discussed ones However product characteristics

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.275539

13.

Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre a Análise e Emissão de Laudos Eletrocardiográficos – 2022
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Samesima, Nelson

; God, Epotamenides Good

; Kruse, Jose Claudio Lupi

; Leal, Marcelo Garcia

; Pinho, Claudio

; França, Francisco Faustino de A. C.

; Pimenta, João

; Cardoso, Acácio Fernandes

; Paixão, Adail

; Fonseca, Alfredo

; Pérez-Riera, Andrés R.

; Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz Pinho

; Madaloso, Bruna Affonso

; Luna Filho, Bráulio

; Oliveira, Carlos Alberto Rodrigues de

; Grupi, César José

; Moreira, Dalmo Antonio Ribeiro

; Kaiser, Elisabeth

; Paixão, Gabriela Miana de Mattos

; Feitosa Filho, Gilson

; Pereira Filho, Horacio Gomes

; Grindler, José

; Aziz, José Luiz

; Molina, Marcos Sleiman

; Facin, Mirella

; Tobias, Nancy M. M. de Oliveira

; Oliveira, Patricia Alves de

; Sanches, Paulo César R.

; Teixeira, Ricardo Alkmin

; Atanes, Severiano Melo

; Pastore, Carlos Alberto

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Oct 2022, Volumen 119 Nº 4 Paginas 638 - 680

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220623

14.

Suicide attempt, impulsivity, and exposure to trauma in college students
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Lira, Sidnei B.

; Vieira, Flávia

; Cavalcanti, Diogo E.

; Souza-Marques, Breno

; Netto, Liana R.

; Correia-Melo, Fernanda S.

; Leal, Gustavo C.

; Pereira, Juliana L.

; Santos, Lene L.

; Guedes, Gisela M.

; Teles, Carlos A.

; Cardoso, Taiane de A.

; Miranda-Scippa, Ângela

; Kapczinski, Flavio

; Lacerda, Acioly L.T.

; Koenen, Karestan C.

; Turecki, Gustavo

; Quarantini, Lucas C.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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Jun 2022, Volumen 44 Nº 3 Paginas 279 - 288

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Objectives: Past suicide attempt (SA) is one of the most important risk factors for suicide death. An ideation-to-action framework posits that impulsivity, potentially traumatic events, and mental disorders also play a role in increasing suicide risk. This study aimed to assess the association between trait impulsivity, lifetime exposure to trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with SA in a sample of Brazilian college students. Methods: A total of 2,137 participants filled self-reported questionnaires consisting of a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, Trauma History Questionnaire, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist – Civilian version, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Results: Our findings suggest that trait impulsivity may be interpreted as exerting a distal effect on SA, even in the presence of other variables – such as trauma history, psychological neglect, and PTSD – which also increase the odds of SA. High and medium levels of impulsivity, history of trauma, and PTSD increased the likelihood of SA. Conclusions: Intervention strategies to prevent SA may target trait impulsivity and exposure to traumatic experiences.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2021-2175

15.

Art and science: impact of semioccluded vocal tract exercises and choral singing on quality of life in subjects with congenital GH deficiency
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Andrade, Bruna M. R. de

; Valença, Eugenia H. O.

; Salvatori, Roberto

; Oliveira Neto, Luiz A.

; Souza, Anita H. O.

; Oliveira, Alaíde H. A.

; Oliveira, Mario C.P.

; Melo, Enaldo V.

; Carvalho, Susana de

; Sales, Neuza J

; Monteiro, Gisane C.

; Lima, José Marcel de

; Annunziato, Marcos Felipe Harder

; Mannis, Guilherme Daniel Breternitz

; Souza, Lucas E. de A.

; Goes, Yasmin D.

; Carvalho, Thayza S.

; Farias, Celiane de

; Santos, Michela P. dos

; Cardoso, Gabriela P. F.

; Sousa, Carla S. Pereira

; Santana, Julia Rodrigues

; Sales, Ester Almeida

; d’Avila, Jeferson Sampaio

; Aguiar-Oliveira, Manuel H.

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Abr 2022, Volumen 66 Nº 2 Paginas 198 - 205

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objectives: Currently, not much is known about the interactions between voice and growth hormone (GH). We have described large kindred with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to a GHRH receptor mutation, resulting in severe short stature and high-pitched voice. These IGHD individuals have little interest in GH treatment, as they consider themselves “short long-lived people”, rather than patients. Interestingly, they report normal general quality of life, but they rate their Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) as low. Here, we assessed the social and auditory-perceptual impacts of artistic-intervention voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTE) and choral singing, on their voices. Material and methods: Seventeen GH-naïve adult IGHD individuals were enrolled in a single-arm interventional pre-post study with 13 weekly sessions of choir singing over 90 days. Outcome measures were V-RQOL scores, self-assessment of voice, and auditory-perceptual analysis (GRBAS scale, G: grade of the severity of dysphonia; R: roughness; B: breathiness; A: asthenia; and S: strain). Results: Marked improvements in total (p = 0.0001), physical (p = 0.0002), and socioemotional (p = 0.0001) V-RQOL scores and in self-assessment of voice (p = 0.004) were found. The general grades of vocal deviation (p = 0.0001), roughness (p = 0.0001), breathiness (p = 0.0001) and strain (p = 0.0001) exhibited accentuated reductions. Conclusions: Voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises and choral training improved social impact and perceptual voice assessments in IGHD subjects and markedly improved their voice-related quality of life. This is particularly important in a setting where GH replacement therapy is not widely accepted.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000449

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