Resumo A atividade antioxidante do mel de Tetragonisca angustula (TAH) e seu extrato etanólico (TAEE) foram investigados. Os níveis totais de fenólicos (TPC) e flavonóides (TFC) também foram avaliados. Os resultados para TPC foram 19,91 ± 0,38 e 29,37 ± 1,82 mg GAE g-1 e para TFC 0,20 ± 0,02 e 0,14 ± 0,01 mg QE g-1 de TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. As atividades antioxidantes foram 73,29 ± 0,49% e 93,36 ± 0,27% no ensaio DPPH● e 71,73 ± 4,07% e 97,86 ± 0,35% no ABTS●+ para TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. A atividade redutora total foi determinada pelo método de poder redutor (PR) e íon ferrico (Fe III) e os resultados variaram em PR de 151,7 ± 25,7 e 230,7 ± 25,2 mg GAE L-1, para TAH e TAEE respectivamente e para (Fe III) em EC50 0,284 em TAEE e 0,687 em TAH. A análise química por HPLC-DAD do extrato etanólico (TAEE) revelou a presença de ácido ferúlico como componente majoritário no extrato. A análise de RMN 1H confirmou esta estrutura e mostrou a presença de glicose, ácido cítrico, ácido succínico, prolina e derivados de hidrocarbonetos no TAEE. Além disso, a origem botânica também foi investigada e apresentou característica multifloral, tendo encontrado 19 tipos polínicos com predomínio botânico da família Anacardiaceae, sendo o pólen Tapirira predominante (42,6%) e o Schinus secundário (25,7%). Os resultados mostraram que o mel de T. angustula é uma interessante fonte de compostos fenólicos antioxidantes devido à sua origem floral e pode atuar como protetor da saúde humana quando consumido.

Abstract The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPH● assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTS●+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.

The identification and analysis of documentary fraud is always a challenge for forensic science. Document analysis has proven to be an important branch of forensics in elucidating the authenticity of documents. The development and incorporation of luminescent inks in authentic documents have proved to be an excellent security feature. This paper purposes the use of a possible luminescent ink marker for anti-counterfeiting applications, aiming to create a document encoding process that is simple, robust, sensitive, and non-destructive. Since luminescent inks markers provide a visual, chemical, and spectral signature, and can be easily detected by using a UV lamp, the aid of unsupervised chemometric tools makes it possible to differentiate the luminescent markers inserted in the ink. Unsupervised models of principal component analysis (PCA) and K-mean were successful in correctly associating marked inks with their respective pure markers, while a supervised classification model based on partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) correctly classified all samples from the prediction set and the blind test samples. For comparison, a soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) model was also built, which despite showing a misclassified sample it is also a strong candidate for future applications. science feature anticounterfeiting anti counterfeiting applications simple robust sensitive nondestructive. nondestructive non destructive. destructive non-destructive visual chemical signature lamp PCA (PCA Kmean K mean PLSDA PLS DA (PLS-DA comparison SIMCA (SIMCA built

Abstract Iguaçu National Park is the second largest (1852.62 km²) protected area in the Atlantic Forest domain and harbors the largest area of semideciduous seasonal forest in Brazil. In this study, we present 795 subspecies and 787 species of butterflies that occur in this protected area and its surrounding areas, collected over 15 years and ten months using different non-standardized sampling methods. We also searched for additional records in the literature, entomological collections, and citizen science platforms on the internet. Among the sampled taxa, six are recorded for the first time in Brazil: Emesis orichalceus Stichel, 1916, Theope p. pakitza Hall & Harvey, 1998 (Riodinidae), Elbella v. viriditas (Skinner, 1920), Apaustus gracilis ssp. n. (Hesperiidae), Deltaya sp. n. (Nymphalidae), and Symbiopsis sp. n. (Lycaenidae). Another six are listed as endangered in lists of butterflies of conservation concern. The records for some species significantly increase previously documented distributions.

Resumo O Parque Nacional do Iguaçu é a segunda maior Unidade de Conservação (1.852,62 km²) no domínio Mata Atlântica, abrigando a maior área de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua no Brasil. Neste estudo apresentamos uma lista com 795 subespécies e 787 espécies de borboletas que ocorrem nesta Unidade de Conservação e seus arredores, coligida ao longo de 15 anos e dez meses através do uso de diferentes métodos de amostragem não padronizados. Nós também procuramos por registros adicionais na literatura, coleções entomológicas e plataformas de ciência cidadã na internet. Dentre os táxons amostrados, seis são registrados pela primeira vez para o Brasil: Emesis orichalceus Stichel, 1916, Theope p. pakitza Hall & Harvey, 1998 (Riodinidae), Elbella v. viriditas (Skinner, 1920), Apaustus gracilis ssp. n. (Hesperiidae), Deltaya sp. n. (Nymphalidae) e Symbiopsis sp. n. (Lycaenidae). Outras seis espécies são consideradas ameaçadas de extinção em listas de borboletas de interesse para a conservação. Os registros de algumas espécies aumentam significativamente as suas distribuições previamente documentadas.

Resumo Embora atualmente exista um conjunto de estudos sobre aspectos ecológicos de algumas espécies de répteis e de anfíbios que ocorrem nas planícies costeiras arenosas brasileiras (incluindo os chamados habitats de “restinga” e de “campo nativo”), há relativamente poucas informações sobre a composição de espécies geralmente associada a esses ambientes. Durante 31 anos (1988-2019) de estudos herpetológicos realizados em restingas por nossa equipe de pesquisa do Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados (Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) nós estudamos comunidades de répteis e de anfíbios e realizamos diferentes estudos com métodos semelhantes em 70 localidades de dez diferentes Estados ao longo da costa brasileira. Nossas pesquisas resultaram em registros de 87 espécies de répteis (cinco tartarugas, dois crocodilianos, seis anfisbênios, 36 lagartos e 39 serpentes) de 24 famílias, e 77 espécies de anfíbios anuros de nove famílias. Estudamos vários tópicos de história natural sobre anuros e répteis, que resultaram na publicação de alguns estudos ecológicos específicos, especialmente em relação a algumas espécies, abrangendo ecologia populacional e de comunidades, forrageamento e dieta, horário de atividade de espécies, termorregulação, reprodução, uso do microhabitat e parasitismo por ecto e endoparasitas. Nossos resultados ao longo dessas três décadas também contribuíram para a descrição de quatro novas espécies de lagartos (Ameivula nativo, Glaucomastix littoralis, G. abaetensis e G. itabaianensis). Nossos estudos constituem uma importante contribuição para o conhecimento da ecologia de répteis e de anfíbios anuros nesses ecossistemas, bem como para a conservação dos ecossistemas de restinga. A lista de espécies apresentada neste estudo, com base em nossos registros de herpetofauna das planícies costeiras arenosas, fornece para muitas localidades ao longo da costa brasileira o conhecimento necessário sobre a ocorrência de espécies, incluindo a presença de espécies endêmicas e/ ou ameaçadas de extinção, que podem ser úteis para muitas ações de conservação.

Abstract Although currently there is already a set of studies regarding ecological aspects of some particular reptile and amphibian species living in Brazilian sandy coastal plains (including the so-called “restinga” and “campo nativo” habitats), there is comparatively few information on the species composition usually associated to these environments. During 31 years (1988-2019) of herpetological studies carried out in sandy coastal plains environments by our research team of the Laboratory of Vertebrate Ecology (Department of Ecology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, in Rio de Janeiro Brazil) we have surveyed reptile and amphibian communities and performed different studies with similar methods in 70 sites from 10 different states along the Brazilian coast. Our surveys resulted in records of 87 species of reptile (five turtles, two crocodylians, six amphisbaenians, 36 lizards and 39 snakes) from 24 families, and 77 species of anuran amphibians from nine families. We have studied multiple natural history topics for anurans and reptiles which resulted in the publication of some specific ecological studies, especially regarding some species, encompassing population and community ecology, foraging and feeding habits, species activity, thermoregulation, reproduction, use of microhabitats, and parasitism by ecto and endoparasites. Our results along these three decades have also contributed for the description of four new lizard species (Ameivula nativo, Glaucomastix littoralis, G. abaetensis and G. itabaianensis). Our studies constitute an important contribution to the knowledge of the ecology of anuran amphibians and reptiles in these ecosystems, as well as to the conservation of sandy coastal plains environment. The checklist presented in this study, based on our records of sandy coastal plains herpetofauna, provides for many localities along the Brazilian coast, the needed knowledge on species occurrence, including the presence of endemic and/or endangered species, which can be of value for many conservation actions.

Resumo Objectivo: Estabelecer recomendações de consenso sobre boas práticas clínicas no acompanhamento de doentes em fim de vida. Métodos: Uma comissão de 12 peritos espanhóis e portugueses propôs 37 recomendações. Realizou-se um processo Delphi em 2 rondas, com a participação dum painel com105 membros, englobando internistas, outros clínicos, enfermeiros, doentes, juristas, especialistas em bioética, gestores de saúde, políticos e jornalistas. Para cada recomendação, foi enviado um questionário com uma escala de Likert com 5 categorias por questão. Definiu-se consenso forte quando > 95% das respostas estavam totalmente de acordo ou > 90% estavam de acordo e totalmente de acordo; consenso fraco quando > 90% estavam totalmente de acordo ou > 80% estavam de acordo e totalmente de acordo. Resultados: O painel abordou sete áreas específicas com 37 recomendações que abarcam: Identificação do doente; Conhecimento dos valores e preferências do doente; Informação; Necessidades do doente; Acompanhamento e cuidados; Sedação paliativa e Cuidados pós-morte. Conclusões: Um Processo Delphi, com participação multidisciplinar, permitiu estabelecer, normas de boas práticas clínicas para os cuidados em fim de vida com envolvimento de doentes, agentes sociais e profissionais de saúde.

Abstract Aim: To develop consensus recommendations about good clinical practice rules for caring end-of-life patients. Methods: A steering committee of 12 Spanish and Portuguese experts proposed 37 recommendations. A two rounds Delphi method was performed, with participation of 105 panellists including internists, other clinicians, nurses, patients, lawyers, bioethicists, health managers, politicians, and journalists. A questionnaire with 5 Likert-type answers for each recommendation was sent to panellists. Strong consensus was defined as > 95% answers completely agree or > 90% agree or completely agree; and weak consensus when > 90% answers completely agree or > 80% agree or completely agree. Results: The panel addressed seven specific areas for 37 recommendations spanning: Identification of patients; Knowledge of the disease, Patient’s Values and preferences; Information; Patient’s needs; Support and care; Palliative sedation, and After death care. Conclusions: The panel formulated and provided the rationale for recommendations on good clinical practice rules for caring end-of-life patients.

Non-tumoral portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in liver transplantation (LT). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of PVT in LT outcomes and analyze the types of surgical techniques used for dealing with PVT during LT. A systematic review was conducted in Cochrane, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases, selecting articles from January 1990 to December 2019. The MESH-terms used were (“Portal Vein”[Mesh] AND “Thrombosis”[Mesh] NOT “Neoplasms”[Mesh]) AND (“Liver Transplantation”[Mesh]). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) recommendation was used, and meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager Version 5.3 software. A total of 1,638 articles were initially found: 488 in PubMed, 289 in Cochrane Library, and 861 in EMBASE, from which 27 were eventually selected for the meta-analysis. Surgery time of LT in patients with PVT was longer than in patients without LT (p<0.0001). Intraoperative red blood cell (p<0.00001), fresh frozen plasma (p=0.01), and platelets (p=0.03) transfusions during LT were higher in patients with PVT. One-year (odds ratio [OR] 1.17; p=0.002) and 5-year (OR 1.12; p=0.01) patient survival after LT was worse in the PVT group. Total occlusive PVT presented higher mortality (OR 3.70; p=0.00009) and rethrombosis rates (OR 3.47 [1.18-10.21]; p=0.02). PVT Yerdel III/IV classification exhibited worse 1-year [2.04 (1.21-3.42); p=0.007] and 5-year [0.98 (0.59-1.62); p=0.93] patient survival. Thrombectomy with primary anastomosis was associated with better outcomes. LT in patients with non-tumoral PVT demands more surgical time, needs more intraoperative transfusion, and presents worse 1- and 5-year patient survival. Total occlusive PVT and Yerdel III/IV PVT classification were associated with higher mortality. (PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42020132915).

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A detecção do papilomavírus humano (HPV) auxilia os tratamentos para pacientes que apresentam manifestações clínicas e limita as consequências futuras para os que apresentam infecções assintomáticas. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a sensibilidade da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para detecção de HPV em diferentes amostras. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Quarenta e nove amostras de pacientes pediátricos foram obtidas por esfoliação da mucosa oral com uma escova estéril. O ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) dessas amostras foi utilizado para detecção de HPV por PCR convencional e PCR em tempo real (qPCR). RESULTADOS: Das 49 amostras, oito eram de pacientes clinicamente diagnosticados com papilomatose laríngea; porém, tanto na PCR convencional quanto na qPCR, apenas uma amostra apresentou amplificação do fragmento esperado. DISCUSSÃO: Esses resultados sugerem que o tipo de amostra, a metodologia empregada na coleta, a metodologia de extração empregada, a localização anatômica da lesão e os oligonucleotídeos utilizados influenciam fortemente a sensibilidade da detecção de HPV por PCR. CONCLUSÃO: Mais estudos são necessários para determinar as melhores técnicas de coleta e processamento das amostras a fim de que a detecção de HPV por PCR seja mais eficiente.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The human papillomavirus (HPV) detection favors treatments for patients with clinical manifestations and limits future consequences for those with asymptomatic infections. OBJECTIVES: Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HPV detection from oral mucosa samples, of asymptomatic patients and patients with clinical manifestations of laryngeal papillomatosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 49 pediatric patient samples were obtained by exfoliation of the oral mucosa with a sterile brush. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples was extracted and used for HPV detection, using GP5 and GP6 oligonucleotides, by conventional PCR and qPCR reactions. RESULTS: Among the 49 samples, eight were from patients clinically diagnosed with laryngeal papillomatosis, but in both conventional PCR and qPCR technic, only one sample had presented positivity. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that the sample type, the methodology used to collect, the extraction methodology used, the anatomical location of the lesion and the oligonucleotides used; all factors strongly influence the sensitivity of HPV detection by PCR methodology. CONCLUSION: Thus, more studies are needed to better determine the sample collection, and the processing techniques present more reproducibility on PCR detection.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: El virus del papiloma humano (VPH) ayuda los tratamientos de pacientes que presentan manifestaciones clínicas y limita las consecuencias futuras para aquellos con infecciones asintomáticas. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la sensibilidad de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para detectar VPH en diferentes muestras. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Cuarenta y nueve muestras de pacientes pediátricos se obtuvieron por exfoliación de la mucosa oral con un cepillo estéril. Se utilizó el ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) de esas muestras para detectar VPH por PCR convencional y PCR cuantitativa en tiempo real (qPCR). RESULTADOS: Entre las 49 muestras, ocho eran de pacientes clínicamente diagnosticados con papilomatosis laríngea; sin embargo, tanto en la PCR convencional como en la qPCR, sólo una muestra presentó amplificación del fragmento esperado. DISCUSIÓN: Eses resultados sugieren que el tipo de muestra, el método empleado en la recolección, el método de extracción, la ubicación anatómica de la lesión y los oligonucleótidos utilizados influyen fuertemente la sensibilidad de detección de VPH por PCR. CONCLUSIÓN: Se necesita mayor investigación para determinar las mejores técnicas de recolección y procesamiento de muestras para que la detección de VPH por PCR sea más eficiente.

Copaifera species (Fabaceae) comprises approximately 70 species of large trees, from which 16 can be found in Brazil. The oleoresins obtained from their trunk are widely used in Brazilian folk medicine, which display important antitumoral potential. Chemically, these oleoresins are mainly composed of a mixture of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes. In this paper we are describing the isolation and identification of 12 already known terpenes from oleoresins obtained from three different Copaifera species (C. multijuga, C. pubiflora and C. trapezifolia) and 2 novel diterpenes (ent-16-hidroxy-3,13 clerodadien-15,18-dioic acid and ent-labda-5,13-dien-15-oic acid) from C. trapezifolia. Both new compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic (1H and 13C NMR, correlation 1H-1H (COSY), heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC)) and by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS) analyses. The cytotoxic potential of these oleoresins, their main non-volatile compounds and their volatile compound fractions were evaluated against a panel of tumoral (MCF-7, ACP01, A549, HeLa) and normal cell lines (MCF-10A, GM07492-A) through XTT (tetrazolium salt) and SRB (sulforhodamine B) assays. The novel diterpene ent-labda-5,13-dien-15-oic acid displayed relevant cytotoxic effect against most of the cancer cell lines with mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 3.57 ± 1.12 to 22.56 ± 1.03 µg mL-1, and a high selectivity level in both assays.

The use of bioprocess to convert low valued biomass or agroindustrial byproducts into high-value chemicals is an emerging area. However, laboratories usually use outdated analytical techniques to identify bioproducts, losing valuable information, such as the identification of unexpected compounds. In this work, we presented a successful systematic and modern analytical approach based on direct infusion mass spectrometry (DIMS) for an automated high-throughput screening of untargeted compounds from glycerin bioconversion process. We describe advantages of DIMS and its combined application with chemometrics towards an untargeted metabolomics approach to analyze several samples in a short time (11 samples per h). Three batches with 34 samples from the bioconversion of glycerin using several filamentous fungi strains were analyzed. Batch 347 was selected as promising, since high value chemicals, such as amide, phenolic and acid compounds, were identified. The platform presented was fast, robust, and versatile, then it could be applied to different bioprocesses.

Resumo Com o objetivo de avaliar aspectos da biologia reprodutiva da pequira Bryconamericus stramineus no elevador da represa do Funil - MG foram realizadas capturas entre os meses de novembro de 2008 a janeiro de 2009, sendo coletados 317 indivíduos. O comprimento padrão (CP) médio da população foi de 4,96 cm e peso médio de 1,80 g. As fêmeas apresentaram CP de 5,0 cm, enquanto que os machos obtiveram um CP de 4,6 cm. Foi observada proporção sexual de 2,20:1(fêmeas:macho). Dos indivíduos analisados, 73% foram considerados adultos. A espécie apresentou baixa fecundidade, com média de 470,9 ovócitos por fêmea e diâmetro médio de 221,08 μm, ocorrendo aumento no diâmetro de ovócitos com o decorrer do tempo no período avaliado. O comprimento de primeira maturação gonadal foi estimado em 5,0 cm. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho sugerem que o ciclo reprodutivo da espécie ocorre no período analisado. Embora esta espécie não tenha hábitos reprodutivos migratórios, a presença de adultos no estágio reprodutivo foi observada na área de transposição, o que sugere a busca de novos ambientes para a reprodução.

Abstract In order to evaluate aspects of reproductive biology of the “pequira” ( Bryconamericus stramineus) in the elevator of the Funil Dam - MG, fish capture was carried out from November 2008 to January 2009 and 317 individuals were collected. The mean standard length (SL) of the population was 4.96 cm and mean weight 1.80 g. The females had SL of 5.0 cm, while males had a SL of 4.6 cm. A sex ratio of 2.20: 1 (females: male) was observed. Our results show that 73% of the individuals analyzed were considered adults. The species presented low fecundity, mean of 470.9 oocytes per female and a mean diameter of 221.08 μm, with an increase in oocyte diameter over the evaluation period. The length of the first gonadal maturation was estimated at 5.0 cm. The results obtained in this work suggest that the reproductive cycle of the species occurs in the analyzed period. Although this species does not have migratory reproductive habits, the presence of adults in the reproductive stage was observed in the transposition area, which suggests a search for new environments for spawning.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected infectious disease caused by different species of the Leishmania parasite and is one of the major public health problems in developing countries. Despite the progress in fundamental knowledge about the Leishmania parasite, current therapy against leishmaniasis is still unsatisfactory due to limited efficacy, prolonged treatment, high cost and undesirable adverse effects. Thus, the research for new prototypes compounds of antileishmaniasis drugs remains a matter of current importance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the leishmanicidal activity of cytochalasin B, a natural compound isolated by our group in a previous study, against L. amazonensis, using experimental tests and computational simulation methodologies. The results of the biological evaluation showed that cytochalasin B has antileishmanial activity against the promastigote form of Leishmania amazonensis. These results are corroborated by the docking and molecular dynamics that showed that the activity occurs due to the inactivation of the trypanothione reductase enzyme (TryR).

The concentrations of trace metals Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn and V were measured in gills, muscle and hepatopancreas of G. cruentata caught from South of Bahia in order to assess the potential health risk by the consumption of mangrove crabs. The highest metal concentrations in gills, and hepatopancreas were Cu, and Zn in muscles, while the lowest metal concentration in three tissues was Cd and Mo. With the results, it is possible to suggest that the high concentrations of some elements, especially of the Cu, may present risks to the Aratu consumers of the mangrove areas studied, or to other populations where these animals may be transported, same for other cities. The mean concentration of Pb in gills in Una and Jequitinhonha is above the value allowed by the legislation, 3,08 μg g-1 and 3,49 μg g-1, respectively. The concentration of Mn in the females in the three estuaries studied was 1.5 to 4.2 times higher than in the males. In general, detected mean metal concentrations in crab tissues were (in decreasing order) gills > hepatopancreas > muscles. Through the PCA analysis, differentiation between the tissues studied was observed due to its elemental composition. The target hazard quotient (QR) of all trace metals in muscle was less than 1.0 of the provisional tolerable daily intake (IDE) adopted by the USEPA. These results imply that G. cruentata caught from South of Bahia do not have an adverse impact on the consumer health.

RESUMO O presente estudo visa discutir o efeito dos incorporadores de ar no comportamento mecânico e de durabilidade de elementos de concreto moldados no local. O experimento foi desenvolvido com a confecção de amostras com 4 diferentes massas específicas (1500kg/m3, 1700kg/m3, 2000kg/m3 e 2300kg/m3) e 3 relações água/cimento (0,63 - 1:5, 0,50 - 1:4, 0,43 - 1:3), ensaiados para determinação da resistência à compressão, absorção de água, índice de vazios e profundidade de carbonatação. Os resultados obtidos apontaram quedas expressivas no comportamento e indicadores de proteção da armadura (absorção de água e carbonatação), o que confirma a necessidade de utilização de meios adicionais mitigadores para a estrutura (pinturas protetoras, barras inoxidáveis), sob pena da perda prematura da durabilidade ao longo da sua vida útil.

ABSTRACT The present study aims to discuss the effect of air entrainment on the mechanical behavior and durability of molded concrete elements. The experiment was carried out using samples with 4 different masses (1500 kg/m3, 1700 kg/m3, 2000 kg/m3, and 2300 kg/m3) and 3 water/cement ratios (0.63-1:5, 0.50-1:4, 0.43-1:3) that were tested to determine compressive strength, water absorption, void index, and carbonation depth. The results showed significant decreases in performance and in the protection indicators of the armature (water absorption and carbonatation), confirming the need for additional mitigation for the structure (protective paints, stainless steel bars), under penalty of premature loss of durability over its lifetime.

RESUMEN En el presente estudio busca discutir o efectuar dos incorporadores de comportamiento no mecánico y durabilidad de elementos de hormigón moldeado no locales. El experimento fue desarrollado con un conjunto de muestras con 4 masas específicas diferentes (1500 kg / m3, 1700kg / m3, 2000kg / m3 y 2300kg / m3) y 3 relaciones agua / alimento (0,63 - 1: 5, 0,50 - 1: 4, 0,43 - 1: 3), pruebas para determinar la resistencia a la compresión, absorción de agua, velocidad de profundidad y profundidad de la carbonatación. Los resultados obtenidos no son expresivos, no se comportan como indicadores de protección de armadura (absorción de agua y carbonatación), o que confirme la necesidad de usar suavizantes de agua adicionales para la estructura (tintas de protección, barras de acero inoxidable) debido a la pérdida prematura. Da durabilidad a lo largo de su vida útil.

Resumo Salacia crassifolia (Mart. Ex. Schult.) G. Don. é uma árvore que pertence à família Celastraceae e ocorre especialmente no Cerrado Brasileiro. Suas folhas, caule, sementes e frutos são popularmente utilizados para vários fins medicinais, tais como antitumoral, antirreumático, anti-inflamatório e antimicrobiano. Neste estudo, nós avaliamos as atividades mutagênica e antimutagênica de frações da casca do caule de S. crassifolia (hexânica, acetato de etila e hidroalcoólica) pelo ensaio de mutagenicidade de Ames em Salmonella typhimurium, cepas TA98 e TA100. Pelos resultados obtidos todas as frações de S. crassifolia não aumentaram significativamente o número de revertentes prototróficas para histidina (His+) em ambas as cepas de S. typhimurium testadas (p > 0.05), sugerindo ausência de mutagenicidade. Em relação à antimutagenicidade, as frações acetate de etila e hidroalcoólica reduziram significativamente o número de colônias revertentes His+ induzidas pelo controle positive para a cepa TA98 (p < 0.05), demonstrando sua ação protetora contra a mutagenicidade induzida por 4-nitroquinolile1-oxide, enquanto a fração hexânica não demonstrou efeito antimutagênico nesta cepa. Na cepa TA100, todas as frações de S. crassifolia protegeram o DNA contra a ação lesiva de azida sódica, e a fração hexânica exibiu a maior proteção desse trabalho. Assim, concluímos que as frações de S. crassifolia testadas neste estudo poderiam ser utilizadas em quimioprevenção.

Abstract Salacia crassifolia (Mart. Ex. Schult.) G. Don. is a bush which belongs to Celastraceae family and occurs specially in Brazilian Cerrado. Its leaves, stem, seeds and fruits are popularly used for several medicinal purposes, such as antitumoral, antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. In this study, the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of S. crassifolia stem bark fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic) were evaluated by the Ames mutagenicity assay in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. By the obtained results, all S. crassifolia fractions did not significantly increase the number of prototrophic revertants for histidine (His+) in both S. typhimurium strains tested (p > 0.05), suggesting absence of mutagenicity. Regarding antimutagenicity, the fractions ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic significantly decreased the number of His+ revertants colonies induced by positive control for strain TA98 (p < 0.05), demonstrating protection against mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinolile1-oxide, whereas the hexane fraction did not show antimutagenic effect in this strain. In the TA100 strain, all fractions of S. crassifolia protected DNA against the harmful action of sodium azide, and the hexane fraction exhibited the greatest protection in this work. Thus, it’s possible conclude that the fractions of S. crassifolia tested in this study could be used in chemoprevention.

Oleoresins from Copaifera species are extensively used in folk medicine in Brazil, which are employed mainly in the production of cosmetic formulations in Brazil, North America and Europe. Considering the lack of validated analytical methods for the analyses of diterpenes in Copaifera oleoresins, it was developed a validated and reliable reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (RP-HPLC-PDA) method for the analysis of six diterpenes, including: (-)-polyalthic acid; (13E)-ent-labda-7,13-dien-15-oic acid; ent-8(17)-labden-15,18-dioic acid; (-)-copalic acid; (-)-3β-acetoxycopalic acid and (-)-3β-hydroxycopalic acid. These compounds were isolated from C. duckei, C. reticulata and C. multijuga oleoresins by chromatographic means. The analytical curves were linear with regression coefficients (r2) between 0.9903 and 0.9999. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) values were 0.35 to 3.09 µg mL-1 and 1.05 to 9.36 µg mL-1, respectively. The method also displayed good precision and accuracy. The developed analytical method is reliable and a useful tool for the analysis of Copaifera oleoresin and its products.