ABSTRACT Afforestation of sites disturbed after bauxite mining is the favorite technique to restore all ecosystem functions. The nature of the tree species used for revegetation of post-mining land can accelerate the recovery of soil organic matter and nutrient cycles. This study aimed to determine the litterfall production, decomposition rate and nutrient content from three types of forest cover ( Eucalyptus , Anadenanthera peregrina , mixed plantation of 16 native species) planted in a bauxite mining area in recovery. Litterfall production was evaluated monthly over 30 months, and the litter mass was assessed twice a year (dry and rainy periods). Total nutrient content was determined from samples grouped by period (dry and rainy). The annual average values for litterfall dry mass and litter mass were higher in Eucalyptus and mixed native. The period (dry or rainy) did not influence litterfall rates in A. peregrina , but Eucalyptus and mixed native presented higher amounts for litterfall during the rainy and dry periods, respectively. Litter accumulation in Eucalyptus was not affected by the season of the year, but mixed native and A. peregrina presented higher litter accumulation in the dry season. Apparent decomposition rates of A. peregrina and mixed native were higher in the rainy season, highlighting the A. peregrina with the highest values compared with the other forest covers. The mixed native presented the highest leaf content of P, K, Ca and Mg in both the litterfall and litter mass, while Eucalyptus had the lowest P, K, Ca, S and N content and the highest C content in the litterfall. Litterfall production is important in degraded areas to ensure the nutrient return to the soil. The data obtained suggest that the cultivation of a mixed of 16 native trees contribute for produce the higher annual litterfall yields, besides produces leaf litterfall of better nutritional quality in relation to P, K, Ca, Mg and S. Therefore, mixed of native trees can be a promising option for reactivation of nutrient cycling and organic matter formation in mined area of bauxite in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

ABSTRACT The constant monitoring of water quality is fundamental for the understanding of the aquatic environment, yet it demands great financial investments and is susceptible to inconsistencies and missing values. Using a database composed of 59 sampling campaigns, performed for 12 years, on 10 monitoring stations along the Iguassu River Basin (Southern Brazil), this study presents a model, based on feed-forward neural networks, which imputed 1,370 values for 11 traditional water quality parameters, as well as 3 contaminants of emerging concern (caffeine, estradiol and ethinylestradiol). The model validation errors varied from 0.978 mg L-1 and 0.017 mg L-1 for the traditional parameters, for caffeine the validation error was of 0.212 µg L-1 and for the hormones, the errors were of 0.04 µg L-1 (E1) and 0.044 µg L-1 (EE1). The models underwent two techniques to understand the operations performed within the model (isolation and nullification), which were consistent to those explained by natural processes. The results point to the validity of modeling water quality parameters (especially the concentrations of caffeine) through neural networks, which could lead to better resource allocation in environmental monitoring, as well as improving available datasets and valuing previous monitoring efforts.

RESUMO O monitoramento constante da qualidade da água é fundamental para o entendimento dos ambientes aquáticos, mas este esforço demanda grandes investimentos financeiros, além de estar suscetível a inconsistências e falhas na obtenção dos valores. Usando uma base de dados composta por 59 campanhas amostrais, realizadas durante um período de 12 anos, em 10 estações de monitoramento ao longo da bacia do rio Iguaçú, este trabalho apresentou um modelo baseado em redes neurais artificiais que preencheu 1.370 valores para onze parâmetros tradicionais de qualidade da água. Os erros de validação do modelo variaram de 0,978 mg L-1 a 0,017 mg L-1 para os parâmetros tradicionais, enquanto para a cafeína, este erro foi de 0,212 µg L-1 e para os hormônios de 0,04 µg L-1 (E1) e 0,044 µg L-1 (EE1). Duas técnicas (isolamento e anulação) foram aplicadas nos modelos para se entender o relacionamento treinado pelo modelo entre as variáveis de entrada e saída. Os resultados apontam para a viabilidade da aplicação de redes neurais para a modelagem de parâmetros de qualidade da água (em especial, a cafeína), o que poderia levar a uma melhor alocação de recursos no monitoramento ambiental, além de expandir os bancos de dados disponíveis e valorizar os esforços despendidos para este monitoramento.

Abstract The treatment of tracheal pathologies remains challenging.Nanotechnology allows adding substances to decellularized human amniotic membrane (DHAM), such as 15-Deoxy-∆12,14ProstaglandinJ2 nanoparticles (15D-PGJ2-NC).This study performed a tracheotomy in rabbits randomized into three groups.The tissue repair process was evaluated when treated with DHAM associated or not with 15D-PGJ2-NC.The average of the area in the control group was 54.76% smaller than DHAM group and 41.98% smaller than DHAM + 15D-PGJ2-NC group (p=0.004 for both).The DHAM + 15D-PGJ2-NC group had significantly more immature cartilage (p=0.015).DHAM impregnated with 15D-PGJ2-NC could provide support for the healing of the tracheal defect and may prevent reduction of its lumen.

Abstract Some sectors of animal production and reproduction have shown great technological advances due to the development of research areas such as Precision Livestock Farming (PLF). PLF is an innovative approach that allows animals to be monitored, through the adoption of cutting-edge technologies that continuously collect real-time data by combining the use of sensors with advanced algorithms to provide decision tools for farmers. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field that merges computer science and large datasets to create expert systems that are able to generate predictions and classifications similarly to human intelligence. In a simplified manner, Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of AI, and can be considered as a broader field that encompasses Deep Learning (DL, a Neural Network formed by at least three layers), generating a hierarchy of subsets formed by AI, ML and DL, respectively. Both ML and DL provide innovative methods for analyzing data, especially beneficial for large datasets commonly found in livestock-related activities. These approaches enable the extraction of valuable insights to address issues related to behavior, health, reproduction, production, and the environment, facilitating informed decision-making. In order to create the referred technologies, studies generally go through five steps involving data processing: acquisition, transferring, storage, analysis and delivery of results. Although the data collection and analysis steps are usually thoroughly reported by the scientific community, a good execution of each step is essential to achieve good and credible results, which impacts the degree of acceptance of the proposed technologies in real life practical circumstances. In this context, the present work aims to describe an overview of the current implementations of ML/DL in livestock reproduction and production, as well to identify potential challenges and critical points in each of the five steps mentioned, which can affect results and application of AI techniques by farmers in practical situations.

Abstract The objective of this work was to select white oat (Avena sativa) genotypes for environments with and without fungicide application, as well as to identify relationships between meteorological variables and agronomic traits. Two experiments were carried out: one without and the other with the use of the tebuconazole fungicide. In each experiment, 26 genotypes were evaluated, conducted during ten years in the same experimental area; cultivation years were considered as one environment. The methodologies of genotype and of the genotypes x environments interaction were used to define the ideal genotype. 'URS Corona' is considered an ideal genotype due to its excellent responses in the environment with tebuconazole. The 'Brisasul', 'IPR Aphrodite', and 'URS Taura' genotypes respond better in the environment without the fungicide. However, based on multitraits, the 'URS Taura' and 'IPR Afrodite' genotypes can be positioned in environments with or without the use of tebuconazole. Genotypes with a rust incidence lower than 15% and a height higher than 93 cm in an environment with a relative humidity lower than 70.75% have a higher grain yield regardless of fungicide use. Greater magnitudes of air temperature and solar radiation result in a higher grain yield of white oat, regardless of fungicide use.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar genótipos de aveia-branca (Avena sativa) para ambientes com e sem aplicação de fungicidas, bem como identificar relações entre variáveis meteorológicas e características agronômicas. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos: um sem e outro com o uso do fungicida tebuconazole. Em cada experimento, foram avaliados 26 genótipos, conduzidos durante dez anos na mesma área experimental; os anos de cultivo foram considerados como um ambiente. As metodologias de genótipos e da interação genótipos x ambientes foram utilizadas para definir o genótipo ideal. 'URS Corona' é considerado um genótipo ideal devida às suas ótimas respostas em ambiente com uso de tebuconazole. Já os genótipos 'Brisasul', 'IPR Afrodite' e 'URS Taura' respondem melhor em ambiente sem o fungicida. Contudo, com base em multicaracterísticas, os genótipos 'URS Taura' e 'IPR Afrodite' podem ser posicionados em ambientes com ou sem o uso de tebuconazole. Genótipos com incidência de ferrugem menor que 15% e altura maior que 93 cm, em ambiente com umidade relativa menor que 70,75%, apresentam maior produtividade de grãos independentemente do uso de fungicida. Maiores magnitudes de temperatura do ar e radiação solar resultam em maior produtividade de grãos de aveia-branca, independentemente do uso de fungicida.

RESUMO As alterações da qualidade da água são reflexo das dinâmicas de usos da água e do solo de uma bacia e é um desafio medi-las apropriadamente, especialmente quando se olha para variáveis bastante distintas, como os constituintes tradicionais da matéria orgânica e os compostos emergentes. Apesar de o monitoramento ser essencial para um planejamento adequado dos recursos hídricos e estratégias de gestão, uma abordagem metodológica abrangente é, em geral, demorada e cara, o que desencoraja o tomador de decisão a fazê-lo. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os parâmetros de qualidade da água mais representativos de uma bacia urbana crítica, incluindo concentrações de compostos emergentes. Os resultados destacaram a DBO e as séries de nitrogênio e fósforo como parâmetros químicos; e, condutividade, turbidez e sólidos dissolvidos totais como físicos. Concluiu-se que esses parâmetros representam os usos do solo e da água da bacia e podem contribuir para a definição de um monitoramento mais efetivo, subsidiando a tomada de decisão, o planejamento e a gestão. medilas medi las apropriadamente distintas emergentes gestão geral cara fazêlo. fazêlo fazê lo. lo fazê-lo crítica químicos condutividade físicos Concluiuse Concluiu efetivo

ABSTRACT Changes in water quality are a consequence of water and land use dynamics. Measuring these relationships is challenging, especially when looking at distinct variables such as traditional organic matter constituents and emerging compounds. Although monitoring is necessary for proper water resource planning and management strategies, a comprehensive methodological approach is in general time-consuming and costly, which discourages decision-makers. The goal of the study was to establish consistent water quality elements based on a statistical analysis to identify the most representative parameters of a critical urban basin. The results highlighted BOD, nitrogen, and phosphorus series as chemical representative parameters; and conductivity, turbidity, and total dissolved solids as the physical parameters. In this context, these parameters represent the most significant uses of the studied area and define a more effective monitoring system that will subsidize decision-making and water resources planning and management. dynamics challenging compounds strategies timeconsuming time consuming costly decisionmakers. decisionmakers decision makers. makers decision-makers basin BOD nitrogen conductivity turbidity context decisionmaking making

RESUMO Este estudo visa a analisar a produção de conhecimento acerca do Planejamento e Dimensionamento da Força de Trabalho em Saúde (PDFTS) desenvolvida no Brasil identificando modelos e metodologias que consideram as diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) para a constituição de redes de atenção regionalizadas. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, incluindo estudos brasileiros e com texto completo, em português, disponível nas bases de dados Capes, BVS e Google Acadêmico. As buscas retornaram 48.083 documentos e, após seleção com a ferramenta Prisma, foram incluídos 62 estudos publicados entre 2011 e 2020. A maioria das produções analisadas aborda o PDFTS com análises comparativas entre as necessidades estimadas e a disponibilidade atual, sendo mais frequentes os estudos de apenas uma categoria profissional, com destaque para a enfermagem. Os achados contribuem à promoção do debate sobre a essencialidade da força de trabalho em saúde para a conformação das redes, ao demonstrar que os métodos de cálculo privilegiam o uso de indicadores e parâmetros relacionados à oferta de serviços em estabelecimentos de saúde específicos, especialmente hospitais, não operacionalizando aspectos de regionalização e integração sistêmica da Rede de Atenção à Saúde.

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the production of knowledge about Planning and Sizing of the Health Workforce (PDFTS) developed in Brazil, identifying models and methodologies that consider the Guidelines of the Unified Health System (SUS) for the constitution of regionalized care networks. This is an integrative review, including Brazilian studies and full text, in Portuguese, and available in the CAPES, BVS and Google Scholar databases. The searches returned 48,083 documents and, after selection with the PRISMA strategy, 62 studies published between 2011 and 2020 were included. Most of the analyzed productions approach the PDFTS with comparative analyzes between the estimated needs and the current availability, being more frequent the studies of only one professional category, with emphasis on nursing. The findings contribute to the debate on the essentiality of the health workforce for the conformation of networks, by demonstrating that the calculation methods favor the use of indicators and parameters related to the provision of services in specific health facilities, especially hospitals, not operationalizing aspects of regionalization and systemic integration of the Health Care Network.

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the production of knowledge about Planning and Sizing of the Health Workforce (PDFTS) developed in Brazil, identifying models and methodologies that consider the Guidelines of the Unified Health System (SUS) for the constitution of regionalized care networks. This is an integrative review, including Brazilian studies and full text, in Portuguese, and available in the CAPES, BVS and Google Scholar databases. The searches returned 48,083 documents and, after selection with the PRISMA strategy, 62 studies published between 2011 and 2020 were included. Most of the analyzed productions approach the PDFTS with comparative analyzes between the estimated needs and the current availability, being more frequent the studies of only one professional category, with emphasis on nursing. The findings contribute to the debate on the essentiality of the health workforce for the conformation of networks, by demonstrating that the calculation methods favor the use of indicators and parameters related to the provision of services in specific health facilities, especially hospitals, not operationalizing aspects of regionalization and systemic integration of the Health Care Network.

RESUMO Este estudo visa a analisar a produção de conhecimento acerca do Planejamento e Dimensionamento da Força de Trabalho em Saúde (PDFTS) desenvolvida no Brasil identificando modelos e metodologias que consideram as diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) para a constituição de redes de atenção regionalizadas. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, incluindo estudos brasileiros e com texto completo, em português, disponível nas bases de dados Capes, BVS e Google Acadêmico. As buscas retornaram 48.083 documentos e, após seleção com a ferramenta Prisma, foram incluídos 62 estudos publicados entre 2011 e 2020. A maioria das produções analisadas aborda o PDFTS com análises comparativas entre as necessidades estimadas e a disponibilidade atual, sendo mais frequentes os estudos de apenas uma categoria profissional, com destaque para a enfermagem. Os achados contribuem à promoção do debate sobre a essencialidade da força de trabalho em saúde para a conformação das redes, ao demonstrar que os métodos de cálculo privilegiam o uso de indicadores e parâmetros relacionados à oferta de serviços em estabelecimentos de saúde específicos, especialmente hospitais, não operacionalizando aspectos de regionalização e integração sistêmica da Rede de Atenção à Saúde.

Resumo Objetivou-se relatar a experiência no gerenciamento de pesquisa-ação sobre inquérito de hepatite C junto à comunidade carcerária no Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais. A proposta foi desenvolvida entre março de 2019 e março de 2020, alcançando 240 pessoas, com o intuito de conter a disseminação do agravo por meio de inquérito, testagem e acompanhamento dos casos positivos. Adotou-se ação intersetorial, com articulação entre universidades, sociedade médica, hospital de ensino e Secretaria de Estado de Justiça e Segurança Pública. As estratégias para o gerenciamento da pesquisa-ação foram: cenários e atores do estudo, registro e formalização da atividade, aplicação dos testes e manejo dos internos reagentes. Dificuldades foram identificadas quanto à acomodação de rotinas entre equipe de pesquisadores e funcionamento próprio da penitenciária, o que exigiu treinamento ostensivo entre as partes e articulações gerenciais. Considera-se que o relato, quando destaca as estratégias adotadas para a condução da pesquisa, colabora para a organização de investigações futuras que visem acessar essa população ainda invisibilizada.

Abstract We aimed to report the experience in managing action research on hepatitis C investigation in the prison community in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The proposal was developed from March 2019 to March 2020, reaching 240 people to contain the spread of the disease through a survey, testing, and monitoring of positive cases. We adopted intersectoral action with articulation between Universities, Medical Society, Teaching Hospital, and State Secretariat for Justice and Public Security. Strategies for the management of action research are described: study settings and stakeholders, registration and formalization of the activity, application of tests, and management of reagent inmates. We identified difficulties regarding the accommodation of routines among the research team and the proper functioning of the penitentiary, which required extensive training between the parties and managerial articulations. We consider that the report collaborates with the organization of future research aimed at accessing this still invisible population, the prison community when it highlights the strategies adopted to conduct the research.

RESUMEN Objetivo. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la variabilidad de las lluvias sobre la composición química, la degradabilidad in vitro y la producción de gas de cactus en la región Semiárida. Materiales y métodos. Este fue un diseño experimental completamente al azar en un arreglo factorial de 2 períodos de lluvia (lluvia alta y baja) x 5 especies de cactus, con 5 repeticiones. Los cactus evaluados fueron Pilosocereus gounellei (Weber ex K. Schum). Bly ex Rowl, Cereus jamacaru DC., Opuntia ficus indica Mill, Nopalea cochenillifera Salm. Dyck y Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw, todas frescas. Resultados. Hubo una interacción entre la variación de la lluvia y las especies de cactus para materia seca, proteína cruda, fibra detergente neutra y fibra detergente ácido (p<0.05), producción de gas in vitro (p<0.05) y para la degradabilidad in vitro de materia seca (p<0.05). Entre los cactus, Pilosocereus gounellei presentó una menor proporción de materia orgánica y un aumento en el contenido de materia mineral en relación a los demás cactus (p<0.05). Conclusiones. La composición química, los coeficientes de producción de gas y la degradabilidad in vitro fueron influenciados por las especies de cactus y por la variación de las precipitaciones. Las especies de cactus aumentan el contenido de materia seca, proteína cruda y fibra de detergente neutro durante la escasez de precipitaciones. Las variedades de nopal (Opuntia y Nopalea) se destacaron entre los cactus ensayados en relación a la producción de gas y la degradabilidad in vitro.

ABSTRACT Objective. The objective was to evaluate the effect of rainfall variability on the chemical composition, in vitro degradability and gas production of cacti in Semiarid region. Materials and methods. A completely randomized experimental design in a factorial arrangement of 2 rainfall periods (high and low rainfall) x 5 cactus species, with 5 replications was adopted. Cacti evaluated were Pilosocereus gounellei (Weber ex K. Schum). Bly ex Rowl, Cereus jamacaru DC., Opuntia ficus indica Mill, Nopalea cochenillifera Salm. Dyckand Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw, all fresh. Results. There was an interaction between rainfall variation and cactus species for dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (p<0.05), in vitro gas production (p<0.05) and for in vitro dry matter degradability (p<0.05). Among cacti, Pilosocereus gounellei presented a lower proportion of organic matter and an increase in the content of mineral matter in relation to the other cacti (p<0.05). Conclusions. The chemical composition, the gas production coefficients and the in vitro degradability were influenced by the cacti species and by the rainfall variation. Cacti species increase the dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber contents during the low rainfall. Varieties of cactus pear (Opuntia and Nopalea) stood out among the cacti tested in relation to gas production and in vitro degradability.

RESUMEN En los últimos años el cultivo de café guatemalteco ha sufrido declinación en su rendimiento como resultado de la roya del café. El uso de cultivares resistentes a esta enfermedad y con potencial para producir cafés con buena calidad de bebida es fundamental para la sustentabilidad del cultivo en el país. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el potencial de calidad del grano y el perfil sensorial de genotipos de café Arábica resistentes a la roya, en función de diferentes tiempos de fermentación biológica. El experimento se implementó en julio de 2014, en la finca El Panorama, ubicada en el municipio de San Rafael Pie de La Cuesta, Departamento de San Marcos, Guatemala. Se probaron ocho progenies F5 resistentes a la roya y se utilizaron como controles los cultivares Marsellesa y Bourbon Amarelo. Cada genotipo fue sometido a dos tiempos de fermentación biológica en agua, después del pelado (24 y 72 h). El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones en un esquema factorial 10 (genotipos) × 2 (tiempos), totalizando 60 unidades experimentales. Se evaluó la calidad, perfil sensorial y granulometría de los tratamientos. Todos los genotipos estudiados resistentes a la roya mostraron potencial para la producción de cafés especiales en Guatemala y una granulometría superior en relación al Bourbon Amarelo. Marsellesa y Bourbon Amarelo obtuvieron puntajes finales más altos y los atributos de sabor, regusto, acidez, cuerpo, equilibrio y en general, fueron más acentuados. El tiempo de fermentación biológica no influyó en la puntuación final del café (pontuación total en el protocolo SCA); sin embargo, hubo un cambio en el perfil sensorial, con énfasis en el cultivar Marsellesa, que aumentó la frecuencia de notas frutales y redujo las notas de caramelo con mayor tiempo de fermentación.

SUMMARY In recent years, the Guatemalan coffee plantations have suffered a decline in its yield as a result of coffee rust. The use of cultivars resistant to this disease and with the potential to produce coffee with good drinking quality is essential for the sustainability of coffee cultivation in the country. The aim of this study was to analyze bean quality potential and the sensory profile of rust-resistant Arabica coffee genotypes as a function of different times of biological fermentation. The experiment was carried out in July 2014, at El Panorama farm, located in the municipality of San Rafael Pie de La Cuesta, Department of San Marcos, Guatemala. Eight rust resistant F5 progenies were tested and cultivars Marsellesa and Bourbon Amarelo were used as controls. Each genotype was subjected to two times of biological fermentation in water, after peeling (24 and 72 h). The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with three replications, in a 10 (genotypes) × 2 (times) factorial scheme, totaling 60 experimental units. The quality, sensory profile and granulometry of the treatments were evaluated. All the rust-resistant genotypes studied showed potential to produce specialty coffees in Guatemala and a superior granulometry in relation to Bourbon Amarelo. Marsellesa and Bourbon Amarelo obtained higher final scores and the attributes flavor, aftertaste, acidity, body, balance and overall were more accentuated. The time of biological fermentation did not influence the final score of the coffee (total score in the SCA protocol); however, there was a change in the sensory profile, with emphasis on cultivar Marsellesa, which increased the frequency of fruity notes and reduced caramel notes with longer fermentation time.

Resumo Esta atualização é uma reavaliação das “Recomendações para o uso de testes de DNAHPV no rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero no Brasil” (Zeferino et al., 2018),9 de acordo com as mudanças observadas nas novas recomendações internacionais, além das atualizações no conhecimento. As recomendações mais relevantes e recentes foram avaliadas. Questões referentes à prática clínica foram formuladas, e as respostas consideraram a perspectiva do sistema de saúde brasileiro, tanto público quanto privado. Esta revisão abrange estratégias baseadas em risco sobre idade para início e término de rastreamento, o uso da citologia e colposcopia para apoiar as condutas, tratamento, estratégias de seguimento, e rastreamento em grupos específicos, incluindo mulheres vacinadas. Esta atualização tem o objetivo de melhorar as estratégias de prevenção do câncer do colo de útero e reduzir o supertratamento e o uso incorreto dos testes de HPV.

Abstract The present update is a reassessment of the 2018 ‘Guidelines for HPV-DNA Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening in Brazil’ (Zeferino et al.)9, according to the changes observed in new international guidelines and knowledge updates. The most relevant and recent guidelines were assessed. Questions regarding the clinical practice were formulated, and the answers considered the perspective of the public and private sectors of the Brazilian health system. The review addressed risk-based strategies regarding age to start and stop screening, the use of cytology and colposcopy to support management decisions, treatment, follow-up strategies, and screening in specific groups, including vaccinated women. The update aims to improve the prevention of cervical cancer and to reduce overtreatment and the misuse of HPV testing.

Resumo Objetivos Avaliar a correlação entre as alterações radiológicas (Pfirrmann e Modic) e a intensidade da dor radicular em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia endoscópica transforaminal para hérnia de disco lombar. Métodos Uma sequência de casos com 39 pacientes, 50 discos intervertebrais em avaliação pré-operatória, no período de 29 de janeiro de 2018 a 28 de agosto de 2019, no serviço de cirurgia endoscópica da coluna vertebral. Os dados demográficos, indicação cirúrgica, detalhes operatórios e complicações foram todos obtidos junto aos prontuários clínicos. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos, com base na classificação Modic (ausência de Modic, Modic 1 e Modic 2) e em dois grupos, considerando a classificação de Pfirrmann (Pfirrmann IV e Pfirrmann V). Os dados foram processados no software IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, versão 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, EUA), com nível de significância de p <0,05. Resultados Não houve diferença entre os gêneros; idade: 50,36 ± 15,05 anos; nível da doença: L2-L3 1 (2%), L3-L4 2 (4%), L4-L5 9 (18%), L5-S1 8 (16%), L3-L4 + L4-L5 4 (8%), e L4-L5 + L5-S1 26 (52%); localização: foraminal direito em 7 pacientes (14%), foraminal esquerdo em 15 pacientes (30%), central em 9 pacientes (18%), e difuso em 19 pacientes (38%); dor radicular: esquerda em 25 pacientes (50%), direita em 11 pacientes (22%), e bilateral em 14 pacientes (28%); escala visual analógica (EVA) pré-operatório: 9,5 ± 0,91, pós-operatório: 2,5 ± 1,79; tempo cirúrgico: 100 ± 31,36 minutos; e acompanhamento de 8,4 ± 6,7 meses. Foi registrada menos dor ciática pós-operatória nos grupos Modic 2 versus Modic 1 (p< 0,05). Não houve diferença na dor radicular pós-operatória entre os grupos Pfirrmann (IV versus V). Conclusão Embora não exista diferença clínica entre os grupos, em estágios avançados da degeneração discal, a discectomia transforaminal endoscópica mostrou-se eficaz na redução da dor radicular em pacientes com hérnia de disco lombar.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the correlation between radiologic changes (Pfirrmann and Modic) and radicular pain intensity in patients who underwent transforaminal endoscopic surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Methods Series of cases with 39 patients, 50 intervertebral discs in preoperative evaluation from January 29, 2018 to August 28, 2019 in an endoscopic spine surgery service. Demographic data, surgical indication, operative details and complications were obtained from medical records. The patients were divided into three groups based on the Modic classification (Modic absence, Modic 1 and Modic 2) and into two groups considering the Pfirrmann classification (Pfirrmann IV and Pfirrmann V). Data were processed in IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), with a significance level of p< 0,05. Results There was no difference between genders; age: 50,36 ± 15,05 years old; disease level: L2-L3 1 (2%), L3-L4 2 (4%), L4-L5 9 (18%), L5-S1 8 (16%), L3-L4 + L4-L5 4 (8%), and L4-L5 + L5-S1 26 (52%); location: right foraminal 7 (14%), left foraminal 15 (30%), central 9 (18%) and diffuse 19 (38%); radicular pain: left 25 (50%), right 11 (22%), and bilateral 14 (28%); preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS): 9,5 ± 0,91, postoperative: 2,5 ± 1,79; surgery duration: 100 ± 31,36 minutes; and follow-up: 8,4 ± 6,7 months. Less postoperative sciatica was registered in the Modic 2 versus Modic 1 group (p< 0,05). There was no difference in the postoperative radicular pain between the Pfirrmann groups (IV versus V). Conclusion Although there is no clinical difference between the groups, in advanced stages of disc degeneration, endoscopic transforaminal discectomy proved to be effective in diminishing radicular pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as temperaturas basais, as necessidades térmicas e a duração dos principais estádios fenológicos reprodutivos do açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea) no Nordeste do estado do Pará, na Amazônia Oriental, Brasil. O experimento foi realizado de 2017 a 2019, em plantio de açaizeiro de 10 ha, tendo-se utilizado análise de série temporal. A fenologia das plantas foi monitorada semanalmente, e as condições meteorológicas dos locais foram monitoradas diariamente. As temperaturas basais inferiores e superiores foram de 12,92 e 32,46°C, respectivamente, na prefloração; 13,50 e 32,23°C na floração; 12,14 e 32,55°C no estádio de frutos verdes; 11,64 e 32,78°C no estádio de mudança de cor dos frutos; e 11,23 e 32,94°C na maturação. A exigência térmica e a duração média para o ponto ideal de colheita do açaí foram de 3.893,15 graus-dias e 283 dias, respectivamente. A exigência térmica e a duração dos estádios da fase reprodutiva do açaizeiro são influenciadas pelo período do ano e pela variabilidade da temperatura do ar, que, quando elevada, reduz o ciclo da cultura, e, quando amena, o estende.

Abstract The objective of this work was to deter mine the base temperatures, thermal time requirements, and length of the main reproductive growth stages of acai palm (Euterpe oleracea) in the northeast of the state of Pará, in eastern Amazon, Brazil. The experiment was carried out from 2017 to 2019 in a 10 ha acai plantation, using the time-series analysis. Plant phenology was monitored weekly, and local weather conditions were monitored daily. The lower and upper base temperatures were of 12.92 and 32.46°C, respectively, for pre-flowering; 13.50 and 32.23°C for flowering; 12.14 and 32.55°C for green fruit stage; 11.64 and 32.78°C for fruit color-changing stage; and 11.23 and 32.94°C for maturation. The thermal time requirement and the average cycle length for the ideal harvest time of acai palm were 3,893.15 degree-days and 283 days, respectively. The thermal time requirement and the duration of the reproductive growth stage for acai palm are influenced by the period of the year and the variability of air temperature, which, when high, reduces the cycle of the crop, and when mild, increases it.