Anachoresis is the phenomenon through which blood-borne bacteria, dyes, pigments and other materials are attracted and fixed to circumscribed areas of inflammation. This study evaluated the occurrence of anachoresis in the periapical region of dogs submitted to root canal fillings. One hundred and four roots from four dogs were endodontically treated and root canals were filled with zinc-oxide-eugenol cement. Fifty percent were filled up to the dentinocemental junction and the others were overfilled. At 120 days after root canal treatment, experimental bacteremia was induced by intravenous inoculation of 105 CFU Streptococcus pyogenes. The dogs were sacrificed 48 hours and 30 days after the bacteremia. Culture and DNA amplification by PCR revealed the presence of the inoculated bacteria just in periapical tissues of dogs sacrificed 48 hours after bacteremia and not in animals sacrificed after 30 days. AP-PCR fingerprints of recovered colonies of S. pyogenes and the presence of genetic markers of resistance to antimicrobials were similar to the inoculated strain. Endodontically treated periapices seemed to be prone to the occurrence of anachoresis and there was no relationship between the phenomenon and the level of root canal filling.

Anacoresis es el fenómeno por el cual las bacterias transmitidas por la sangre, colorantes, pigmentos y otros materiales se atraen y se fija a zonas circunscritas de la inflamación. Este estudio evaluó la incidencia de anacoresis en la región periapical de los perros presentados a raíz de los rellenos del canal. Un total de ciento cuatro raíces de cuatro perros fueron tratados con endodoncia y tratamientos de conducto se rellena con cemento de óxido de zinc-eugenol. El cincuenta por ciento estaban llenos hasta el cruce dentinocemental y los otros se llene en exceso. A los 120 días después del tratamiento de conducto radicular, bacteriemia experimental fue inducida por la inoculación intravenosa de 105 UFC por Streptococcus pyogenes. Los perros fueron sacrificados 48 horas y 30 días después de la bacteriemia. La cultura y la amplificación del ADN por PCR reveló la presencia de las bacterias inoculadas sólo en los tejidos periapicales de los perros sacrificados 48 horas después de la bacteriemia y no en los animales sacrificados después de 30 días. AP-PCR huellas dactilares de las colonias recuperadas de S. pyogenes y la presencia de marcadores genéticos de resistencia a los antimicrobianos fueron similares a la cepa inoculada. Periápices endodonciados parecía ser propensos a la ocurrencia de anacoresis y no había ninguna relación entre el fenómeno y el nivel de llenado del conducto radicular.

The extracts of plants from Brazilian savanna are currently used in popular medicine. This study evaluated the inhibitory activity of the alcoholic and aqueous extracts from savanna plants on periodontal bacteria. The minimal inhibitory concentrations were evaluated by the agar dilution method, using Wilkins-Chalgren agar. Antimicrobial activity of plants extracts on microbial biofilms was determined in microplates. Psidium cattleianum and Myracrodruon urundeuva extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory activity on all bacterial strains tested; alcoholic and aqueous extracts showed similar results. The extracts from these two species were able to inhibit both planktonic cells and microbial biofilm.

Los extractos de las plantas de la sabana brasileña actualmente se utilizan en la medicina popular. Este estudio evaluó la actividad inhibitoria de los extractos alcohólicos y acuosos de plantas de la sabana en bacterias periodontales. Las concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas fueron evaluados por el método de dilución en agar, utilizando agar Wilkins-Chalgren. La actividad antimicrobiana de los extractos de plantas en las biopelículas microbianas se determinó en microplacas. Los extractos de Psidium cattleianum y Myracrodruon urundeuva demostraron una importante actividad inhibitoria sobre todas las cepas bacterianas probadas, extractos alcohólicos y acuosos mostraron resultados similares. Los extractos de estas dos especies fueron capaces de inhibir las células planctónicas y biofilm microbiano.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of yeasts, pseudomonads and enteric bacteria in the oral cavity of patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) for treatment of head and neck cancer. Fifty patients receiving RT were examined before, during and 30 days after RT. Saliva, mucosa, and biofilm samples were collected and microorganisms were detected by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The most prevalent yeasts in patients submitted to RT were Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis. Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus, and Pseudomonas were the most frequently cultivated bacteria. Before RT, targeted bacteria were cultivated from 22.2% of edentulous patients and 16.6% of dentate patients; 30 days after RT, these microorganisms were recovered from 77.8% edentulous and 46.8% dentate patients. By PCR, these microorganisms were detected from all edentulous patients, 78.1% of dentate patients. The presence of Gram-negative enteric roads and fungi was particularly frequent in patients presenting mucositis level III or IV. Modifications in the oral environment due to RT treatment seem to facilitate the colonization of oral cavity by members of family Enterobacteriaceae, genera Enterococcus and Candida.

The occurrence of diseases and variations from normality is very common in the maxillofacial complex, and this phenomenon is closely associated to peculiar genetic determinants and influenced by genetic isolation. Studies on the distribution of oral diseases and variations from normality in South American natives are generally directed mainly to the study of dental caries in the children and periodontal diseases in the adults, disregarding a wide range of other oral diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of lesions and anatomical variations from normality in eight ethnic groups living in the Umutina Indian Reservation, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, through physical and oral examinations besides cytological evaluation and assessment of diet and habits, such as tobacco and alcohol consumption. A total of 291 Indians, of both genders, with ages ranging from 1 to 96 years, were examined, being identified 132 variations from normality, evidencing a high occurrence of ankyloglossia, which was present in 108 cases (37.1%), followed by benign migratory glossitis in 5 cases (1.7%); mandibular torus and candidiasis in 3 cases (1.0%). No malignant lesion was identified in the population.

La ocurrencia de enfermedades y variaciones de normalidad son muy comunes en el complejo maxilofacial. Este fenómeno se asocia estrechamente a determinantes genéticos peculiares y son influenciados a través del aislamiento genético. Estudios sobre la distribución de enfermedad oral y variaciones de la normalidad en nativos Sudamericanos son generalmente dirigidos al estudio de la caries dental en niños y enfermedad periodontal en adultos, dejando de lado una amplia gama de otras enfermedades orales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la distribución de lesiones y las variaciones anatómicas de normalidad en ocho grupos étnicos indígenas pertenecientes a la reserva Umutina, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, a través del examen físico y oral, además de la evaluación citológica y valoración de dieta y hábitos como tabaco y consumo de alcohol. Un total de 291 indígenas de ambos sexos, con edades que van de 1 a 96 años fueron examinados, identificándose 132 variaciones de normalidad, evidenciando una alta ocurrencia de anquiloglosia, la cual se presentó en 108 casos (37,1%), seguido por glositis migratoria benigna en 5 casos (1,7%); torus mandibular y candidiasis en 3 casos (1,0%). Ninguna lesión maligna se identificó en la población.

osteomyelitis of the mandible and maxilla are common in developing countries and their treatment may be long-standing and difficult. Thus, the aim of this study was to discuss the main biological aspects of the chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws of especial interest for dental team. These infections are associated with a complex microbiota composed mainly by anaerobic bacteria, sometimes associated with microorganisms originated from the skin and digestive tract. These data suggest that chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible and maxilla should be treated as anaerobic infections in most cases. In addition, local surgical treatments are relevant in the therapy outcome, associated to the use of antimicrobial agents, and the failure to accomplish them is a major cause of treatment failure.

La osteomielitis maxilar y mandibular son comunes en países en desarrollo y su tratamiento puede ser difícil y de larga duración. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio fue discutir los principales aspectos biológicos de especial interés odontológico de la osteomielitis crónica del maxilar. Estas infecciones están asociadas a una microbiota compleja compuesta principalmente de bacterias anaerobias, algunas veces asociadas a microorganismos oriundos de la piel y del tracto digestivo. Estos datos sugieren que la osteomielitis crónica maxilar y mandibular deben ser tratadas como infecciones anaerobias en la mayoría de los casos. Además, tratamientos quirúrgicos locales son relevantes en el éxito de la terapia, asociados al uso de agentes anti-microbianos, e cuyos resultados no satisfactorios representan una de las principales causas de un tratamiento fallo o no adecuado.