ABSTRACT Objective To present a study protocol to compare glucose and reflexology in pain relief in neonate intensive care during arterial punctures. Methods A randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial protocol will be carried out at a teaching hospital maternity, with30 newborns admitted to neonate intensive care who are to undergo blood collection by arterial puncture. They will be randomly assigned to a control group (25% glucose) or an intervention group (foot reflexology). The primary outcome will be neonate pain scores during and after arterial puncture. Secondary outcomes will be crying time and variation in neonates' vital signs during and after the arterial puncture procedure. Registration number RBR-639bff. Discussion The results of this trial will provide new insights into the most appropriate intervention for the relief of neonate pain during painful procedures.

RESUMEN Objetivo Presentar un protocolo de estudio para comparar glucosa y reflexología en el alivio del dolor en cuidados intensivos neonatales durante la punción arterial. Método Protocolo de ensayo clínico aleatorizado, controlado, doble ciego, en 30 recién nacidos en cuidados intensivos neonatales en la maternidad de un hospital escuela, que necesiten extracción de sangre por punción arterial. Serán asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo control (25% de glucosa) o a un grupo de intervención (reflexología podal). El resultado primario serán los escores de dolor neonatal durante y después de la punción arterial. Los resultados secundarios serán el tiempo de llanto y la variación en los signos vitales de los recién nacidos durante y después del procedimiento de punción arterial. Número de registro RBR-639bff. Discusión Los resultados de este ensayo proporcionarán nuevos conocimientos sobre la intervención más adecuada para el alivio del dolor neonatal durante los procedimientos dolorosos.

RESUMO Objetivo Apresentar um protocolo de estudo para comparar a glicose e reflexoterapia no alívio da dor em terapia intensiva neonatal durante a punção arterial. Método Protocolo de ensaio clínico randomizado, controlado, duplo-cego, será realizado em 30recém-nascidos internados em terapia intensiva neonatal de uma maternidade escola que apresentem indicação de coleta de sangue por punção arterial. Serão distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupo controle (glicose 25%) ou grupo intervenção (reflexoterapia podal). O desfecho primário será escores de dor neonatal durante e após a punção arterial. Os desfechos secundários serão o tempo de choro e variação nos sinais vitais dos neonatos durante e após o procedimento da punção arterial. Número do registro RBR-639bff. Discussão Os resultados deste ensaio fornecerão novos conhecimentos sobre a intervenção mais adequada para o alívio da dor neonatal durante procedimentos dolorosos.

Introduction: COVID-19 broke out in Wuhan in China in December 2019, soon reached pandemic level causing thousands of deaths worldwide. It presents mostly mild flu cases; however, it can evolve into a severe respiratory syndrome that is responsible for hospitalizations and deaths. Objective: To describe the epidemiological and spatial profile of confirmed cases of influenza-like syndrome (GB) by COVID-19 in the state of Pará. Method: Descriptive and ecological study, referring to cases of COVID-19 reported in the E-SUS VE. From the variables of the epidemiological profile, spatial distribution and temporal trend of the disease. Results: The spatial distribution showed that the concentration of cases is located in the southern municipalities of the state. In the profile variables: female gender (53.16%), age group (61.14%) 30 and 59 years, chronic heart disease represented (41.99%), diabetes (31.22%) and (16.30%) chronic respiratory diseases Health professionals infected (8%). Clinical features: fever (71.99%), cough (64.57%), and sore throat (46.78%). Confirmation criteria: rapid antibody test (84.39%), rapid antigen test (7.61%), and RT-PCR (7.48%). The temporal trend of the disease showed the peak of cases in the 20th epidemiological week. Conclusion: Mostly women, most frequent heart diseases and diabetes, confirmed by rapid test and classical symptoms of GS. A flattening of the curve was observed after the 21st week, possibly due to the lockdown intervention. However, it was shown the high number of cases on 07/07/2020 in several regions, specifically in municipalities of the southern region of the state.

Introdução: A COVID-19 surgiu em Wuhan na China em dezembro de 2019, logo alcançou o nível de pandemia causando milhares de mortes no mundo. Se apresenta em sua maioria casos gripais leves, entretanto pode evoluir para uma síndrome respiratória grave que é responsável pelas hospitalizações e óbitos. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico e espacial dos casos confirmados de Síndrome Gripal (SG) por COVID-19 no estado do Pará. Método: Estudo descritivo e ecológico, referente aos casos de COVID-19 notificados no E-SUS VE. A partir das variáveis do perfil epidemiológico, distribuição espacial e tendência temporal da doença. Resultados: A distribuição espacial mostrou que a concentração dos casos localiza-se nos municípios do Sul do estado. Nas viariáveis do perfil: sexo feminino (53,16%), faixa etária (61,14%) 30 e 59 anos, doenças cardíacas crônicas representou (41,99%), diabetes (31,22%) e (16,30%) doenças respiratórias crônicas Profissionais da saúde infectados (8%). Características clínicas: febre (71,99%),tosse (64,57%) e dor de garganta (46,78%). Critério de confirmação: teste rápido- anticorpo (84.39%), teste rápido antígeno (7.61%) e RT-PCR (7.48%). Na tendência temporal da doença evidenciou-se o pico de casos na 20º semana epidemiológica. Conclusão: A maioria mulheres, doenças cardíacas e diabetes mais evidentes, confirmados a maioria por teste rápido e sintomatologia clássica da SG. Observou-se o achatamento da curva após a 21º semana, possivelmente, por conta da intervenção lockdown. Entretanto mostrou-se a alta de casos na data de 07/07/2020 em diversas regiões, especificamente em municípios da região sul do estado.

RESUMO Objetivo: realizar a validação de conteúdo e de face de um checklist e de um banner sobre prevenção de lesão por pressão em pacientes na posição prona. Método: estudo metodológico de validação de conteúdo e de face com 26 enfermeiros com especialização. Os profissionais avaliaram o checklist e o banner em relação à clareza, pertinência teórica, relevância prática, relação das figuras com o texto e tamanho da fonte. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi calculado para cada item, considerando válido aquele com valor igual ou superior a 0,8. Resultados: todas as ações descritas no checklist e no banner apresentaram Índice de Validade de Conteúdo superior a 0,80, com uniformização do tempo verbal e adequações estéticas na diagramação do banner, conforme sugestões. Conclusões: o checklist e o banner foram validados, podendo ser utilizados na prática clínica para facilitar a prevenção de lesões por pressão em pacientes na posição prona.

ABSTRACT Objective: to perform the content and face validation of a checklist and a banner on pressure injury prevention in patients in prone position. Method: this is a methodological study of content and face validation with 26 nurses with specialization. Professionals assessed the checklist and the banner in relation to clarity, theoretical relevance, practical relevance, relation of the figures to the text and font size. The Content Validity Index was calculated for each item, considering one with a value equal to or greater than 0.8 as valid. Results: all the actions described in the checklist and in the banner had a Content Validity Index greater than 0.80, with standardization of verbal time and esthetic adjustments in the banner’s layout, as suggested. Conclusions: the checklist and the banner were validated and can be used in clinical practice to facilitate pressure injury preventions in patients in prone position.

RESUMEN Objetivo: realizar la validación de contenido y rostro de un checklist y un banner sobre la prevención de úlceras por presión en pacientes en decúbito prono. Método: estudio metodológico de contenido y validación facial con 26 enfermeros con especialización. Los profesionales evaluaron el checklist y el banner en relación a la claridad, relevancia teórica, relevancia práctica, relación de las figuras con el texto y tamaño de fuente. Para cada ítem se calculó el Índice de Validez de Contenido, considerando válido aquel con valor igual o superior a 0,8. Resultados: todas las acciones descritas en el checklist y en el banner tuvieron un Índice de Validez de Contenido mayor a 0,80, con estandarización del tiempo verbal y ajustes estéticos en la maquetación del banner, como se sugirió. Conclusiones: el checklist y el banner fueron validados y pueden ser utilizados en la práctica clínica para facilitar la prevención de úlceras por presión en pacientes en decúbito prono.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Mapear las principales complicaciones com el postoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca con pacientes adultos. Material y Método: Revisión de alcance desarrollada a partir de la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cuáles son las principales complicaciones en el postoperatorio de pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía cardíaca? La revisión siguió las pautas de la Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). La búsqueda se realizó entre diciembre 2019 y enero 2020 en las siguientes bases de datos: CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações de la CAPES, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), National Library of Australia (Trove), Europe E-Theses Portal (DART), Electronic Theses Online Service (EThOS), National Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDportal) y Theses Canada. Resultados: El proceso de búsqueda arrojó 25.237 documentos. Se seleccionaron 150 publicaciones para el preanálisis y la muestra final fue de 21 estudios. Los pacientes adultos fueron sometidos a revascularización miocárdica aislada (21; 100%), cirugía valvular aislada (16; 76,19%), revascularización miocárdica combinada com cirugía valvular (8; 38,10%) y cirugía para corregir anomalías congénitas (6; 28,57%). Se identificaron complicaciones infecciosas, neurológicas, cardiovasculares, renales y urinarias, respiratorias, digestivas, hidroelectrolíticas, entre otras. Conclusiones: Las complicaciones tuvieron incidencias diferentes en los estudios analizados; deben ser considerados y estudiados por el equipo de enfermería, para una mejor comprensión de los factores que pueden estar relacionados con su aparición, así como ayudar a prevenirlos y controlarlos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the main complications in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery in adult patients. Materials and Methods: Scoping review based on the following research question: what are the main complications that occur postoperatively in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery? The review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. The search was conducted in the months of December 2019 and January 2020 in the following data sources: CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and LILACS, CAPES Catalogue for Theses and Dissertations, Portugal Open Access Scientific Repository (RCAAP), National Library of Australia (Trove), Europe E-Theses Portal (DART), Electronic Theses Online Service (EThOS), National Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD portal), and Theses Canada. Results: The search process resulted in 25,237 documents. 150 publications were selected for pre-analysis and the final sample consisted of 21 studies. Adult patients underwent isolated myocardial revascularization (21; 100%), isolated valve surgery (16; 76.19%), myocardial revascularization combined with valve surgery (8; 38.10%) and surgery to correct congenital diseases (6; 28.57%). Infectious, neurological, cardiovascular, renal and urinary, respiratory, digestive and hydroelectrolytic complications, among others, were identified. Conclusions: The analyzed studies showed different incidence rates regarding complications. Complications should be considered and studied by the nursing team in order to better understand the factors related to their occurrence, as well as to help prevent and control them.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear as principais complicações no pós-operatório de cirurgias cardíacas em pacientes adultos. Material e Método: Revisão de escopo desenvolvida com base na seguinte questão: quais são as principais complicações que ocorrem no pós-operatório nos pacientes adultos submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca? A revisão seguiu as orientações do guia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A busca foi realizada nos meses de dezembro 2019 e janeiro 2020 nas fontes de dados: CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e LILACS, Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), National Library of Australia (Trove), Europe E-Theses Portal (DART), Electronic Theses Online Service (EThOS), National Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD portal), e Theses Canada. Resultados: O processo de busca resultou em 25.237 documentos. Foram selecionadas 150 publicações para pré-análise e a amostra final foi composta por 21 estudos. Os pacientes adultos dos estudos foram submetidos à revascularização miocárdica isolada (21; 100%), cirurgia valvar isolada (16; 76,19%), revascularização miocárdica combinada com cirurgia valvar (8; 38,10%) e cirurgia para correção de doenças congênitas (6; 28,57%). Identificaram-se complicações infecciosas, neurológicas, cardiovasculares, renais e urinárias, respiratórias, digestivas, hidroeletrolíticas, dentre outras. Conclusões: As complicações apresentaram incidências diferentes nos estudos analisados. Elas devem ser consideradas e estudadas pela equipe de enfermagem, para melhor compreensão dos fatores que podem estar relacionados ao seu surgimento, assim como auxiliar na prevenção e controle das mesmas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of species-specific equations (SSEs) concerning generic ones in Annual Production Units (GEAPUs) and in a Forest Management Area (GEFMA) in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 29,119 trees from 43 species were inventoried, harvested, and volumetric measurements were taken in ten APUs, with 10% of this total being separated for validation and comparison of the selected equations. After selection and validation of the equations (GEFMA, GEAPUs and SSEs) they were compared using precision statistics, by contrasting estimated and observed volumes and by residual analysis. Precision statistics were clearly lower for the SSEs. Trend lines near the average observed volume were shown for the SSEs when the estimates were contrasted with the observations. The residuals generated by the SSEs were smaller and statistically different than those of GEFMA and GEAPUs for the majority of cases. The most important commercial species (M. huberi) had its volume overestimated by 10.6, 9.3 and 3.0% when the GEFMA, the GEAPUs, and the SSEs were applied, respectively. Among the species that generally had very large trees, H. petraeum had its volume underestimated by 15.7, 16.6 and 4.4% by the GEFMA, GEAPUs and SSEs, respectively. The greater precision of the SSEs is reflected in better forest management planning decisions with respect to operational and economic aspects. These results show that besides being statistically valid, the SSEs are recommended for obtaining more precise estimates of commercial volume, especially since there is a great demand for reliable estimates for each individual species in forest management areas in the Amazon.

ABSTRACT Stem conicity and the sawing pattern, besides the presence of hollows and sapwood, are among the principal factors that are responsible for the low yield of lumber from harvested wood in the Amazon. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze of logs and stem conicity, and its effect on yield of sawn wood from the species Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos, Lecythis lurida (Miers) S. A. Mori, Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier, Astronium lecointei Ducke and Couratari sp., which are currently the most important commercial species in the study area. The data used were obtained from six production units in the Tapajós National Forest, Pará. The variables analyzed were conicity (obtained as a function of the difference between diameters at the base and top) between logs, DBH classes (diameter at breast height) and species, as well as yield (estimated using the Software MaxiTora) between logs and species. The majority of the species showed differences in conicity between logs, with the first log being the most conic, which was directly reflected by the lower yield for this log. There was a tendency of increase in conicity in the larger DBH classes, and differences in conicity and yield between species. The estimated yields were superior to the percent yields observed for Amazonian species in studies done using samples with similar characteristics. Therefore, it was concluded that conicity can vary between species, logs, and DBH classes, and is a characteristic that directly effects the yield of lumber. Furthermore, the incorporation of cutting templates represents an alternative for maximizing lumber yield.

ABSTRACT: Genetically diverse interspecific hybrids of Vitis were selected for resistance to Pratylenchus brachyurus. Three segregating populations with 57 hybrid crosses were evaluated. The parents included Vitis romanetiiC166-043 × 07355-075, 06354-047 × Cereza and 06354-047 × Nocera, selected from the germplasm bank at the University of California, Davis, the United States. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with three replications and three plants per plot. Root mass, nematodes per gram of root and reproduction factor were determined and used as quantitative variables; 16 multi categoric descriptors were also evaluated. The traits were analyzed using the Ward-Modified Location Model procedure (Ward-MLM) for the composition of genotype groups. Genetic parameters and prediction of genetic values by Restricted Maximum Likelihood / Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (REML / BLUP) were assessed. The Ward-MLM classification strategy supported the formation of three homogeneous groups. Group I comprised 13 hybrids; Group II, 26 hybrids; and Group III, 18 hybrids. Groups II and III contained hybrids resistant to P. brachyurus. High broad sense heritability values were found for root mass, reproduction factor and nematodes per gram of root, which provided genetic gain and allowed selection of resistant genotypes available for cloning, since the total genetic variance occurred due to the dominance effects. Of the 57 genotypes assessed, those with the lowest genotypic values for reproduction factor were selected as resistant, including: CH3.2, CH3.23, CH3.8, CH3.37, CH3.38, CH3.41, CH3.36, CH2.1, CH2.7, CH1.1, CH1.3 and CH1.2.

BACKGROUND Serological evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection has been reported in different regions of Brazil from equine and human hosts but the virus had never been isolated in the country. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify the viral etiology of equine encephalitis in Espírito Santo state. METHODS We performed viral culture in C6/36 cells, molecular detection of WNV genome, histopathology and immunohistochemistry from horse cerebral tissue. We also carried out sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and molecular clock. FINDINGS Histopathologic analysis from horse cerebral tissue showed injury related to encephalitis and WNV infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The virus was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) from brain tissue and subsequently isolated in C6/36 cells. WNV full-length genome was sequenced showing the isolated strain belongs to lineage 1a. The molecular clock indicated that Brazilian WNV strain share the same common ancestor that were circulating in US during 2002-2005. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Here we report the first isolation of WNV in Brazil from a horse with neurologic disease, which was clustered into lineage 1a with others US WNV strains isolated in beginning of 2000’s decade.

RESUMO O objetivo com este estudo foi identificar preditores de preferência pelo feno de alfafa pelos cavalos. Foram utilizados 15 cavalos da raça quarto de milha, com idade média e peso corporal de 10 anos e 500 kg, respectivamente. Foi realizada uma avaliação para identificar a preferência pelo feno de alfafa por cavalos em testes de curto período de 10 min. Esta avaliação foi realizada em pares para cada teste de feno (1-30) em relação a cada padrão (A, B, C), até a conclusão de todas as combinações resultantes. As variáveis avaliadas foram constituídas por análises etológicas, morfológicas, microbiológicas, bromatológicas e biológicas. Os cavalos mostraram preferência pelo tipo A de feno de alfafa, seguido do tipo B e C. A preferência pelo tipo A do feno de alfafa pode ser predita pela equação: Pref . A = − 98.19 + 1 , 61 ( ADF ) + 1 , 53 ( IVDMD ) + 18 , 54 ( ST ) − 0 , 03 ( ADFxIVDMD ) − 0 , 02 ( ADFxST ) − 0 , 28 ( IVDMDxST ) , r 2 = 0,31 , P = 0,0044. Concluiu- se que os cavalos mostraram preferência ao feno de alfafa, em que os melhores fardos do tipo A podem ser identificados selecionando-os porque eles contêm baixas quantidades de espessura do caule e fibra de detergente ácido, bem como altos níveis de digestibilidade da matéria seca in vitro.

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of preference for alfalfa hay by equines. A total of 15 quarter horses, at average age and body weight of 10 years and 500 kg were used, respectively. It was conducted an evaluation to identify the preference for alfalfa hay by horses by short-period tests of 10 min. This evaluation was conducted in pairs for each test hay (1-30), available on the market, against each standard (A, B, C), until the completion of all resulting combinations. Alfalfa hays classified as A, B and C, contained on average 22.88, 17.78 and 13.16% of crude protein, respectively. The evaluated variables were constituted by ethological, morphological, microbiological, bromatological and biological analysis. The horses showed a preference for the type A of alfalfa hay, followed by type B and C. The preference for alfalfa hay type A can be predicted by the equation: Pref . A = − 98.19 + 1.61 ( acid detergent fiber ) + 1.53 ( in vitro dry matter digestibility ) + 18.54 ( stem thickness ) − 0.03 ( acid detergent fiber x in vitro dry matter digestibility ) − 0.02 ( acid detergent fiber x stem thickness ) − 0.28 ( in vitro dry matter digestibility x stem thickness ) , r 2 = 0.31 , P = 0.0044. It was concluded that horses showed preference to alfalfa hay, wherein the best type A bales. Therefore to predict of preference of the equines for high quality alfalfa hay it's necessary to select bales with lower values of stem thickness and fiber in acid detergent, as well as presenting high level of dry matter digestibility.

This study showed that laboratory markers of recent infection by dengue, Zika or chikungunya arboviruses were detected in the biological samples of approximately one-third of patients with encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis or Guillain-Barré syndrome, in a surveillance programme in Piauí state, Brazil, between 2015-2016. Fever and myalgia had been associated with these cases. Since in non-tropical countries most infections or parainfectious diseases associated with the nervous system are attributed to herpesviruses, enteroviruses, and Campylobacter jejuni, the present findings indicate that in tropical countries, arboviruses may now play a more important role and reinforce the need for their surveillance and systematic investigation in the tropics.

Resumo Este estudo observacional teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de condutores que transitam com excesso de velocidade em vias urbanas e estudar fatores relacionados a este comportamento. A amostra consistiu de 8.565 veículos que circulavam em áreas com e sem radares fixos em operação. Verificamos que 40% dos veículos observados em locais a 200m de radar fixo e 33,6% daqueles observados nos locais sem radar excedem os limites legais (p < 0,001). Motocicletas tiveram maior velocidade máxima registrada (126km/h). Os homens mostraram ser maioria entre os condutores (87,6%), o uso do celular durante a direção foi verificado em 3,3% de todas as observações e 74,6% dos condutores, exceto motociclistas, faziam uso do cinto de segurança. Nos locais onde não havia a presença do radar fixo, maior proporção de mulheres foi observada utilizando mais o celular e o cinto de segurança em relação aos homens (p < 0,05, para ambas comparações), independente dos limites de velocidade. Sugere-se que adesão ao cumprimento dos limites de velocidade vai além de intervenções estruturais.

Abstract This observational study aimed to estimate the prevalence of speeding on urban roadways and to analyze associated factors. The sample consisted of 8,565 vehicles circulating in areas with and without fixed speed cameras in operation. We found that 40% of vehicles 200 meters after the fixed cameras and 33.6% of vehicles observed on roadways without speed cameras were moving over the speed limit (p < 0.001). Motorcycles showed the highest recorded speed (126km/h). Most drivers were men (87.6%), 3.3% of all drivers were using their cell phones, and 74.6% of drivers (not counting motorcyclists) were wearing their seatbelts. On roadway stretches without fixed speed cameras, more women drivers were talking on their cell phones and wearing seatbelts when compared to men (p < 0.05 for both comparisons), independently of speed limits. The results suggest that compliance with speed limits requires more than structural interventions.

Resumen Este estudio observacional fue realizado para estimar la prevalencia de los conductores que no respetan el límite de velocidad en vías urbanas y estudiar los factores relacionados con este comportamiento. La muestra consistió en 8.565 vehículos circulando en zonas con y sin radares fijos en funcionamiento. Se encontró que 40% de los vehículos a 200 metros mas allá del radar estacionario y 33,6% de los observados en las zonas sin radar exceden los límites legales (p < 0,001). Las motos registran una velocidad máxima más elevada (126km/h). Los hombres fueron mayoría (87,6%), el uso de celular mientras se conduce representó un 3.3% de todas las observaciones y el 74,6% de los conductores estaban usando cinturones de seguridad entre los automobilistas. En sitios donde no había presencia de radar estacionario, se observó una mayor proporción de mujeres que usan el teléfono y el cinturón de seguridad (p < 0,05 para ambas comparaciones), independientemente de los límites de velocidad. Se sugiere que la adherencia a las normas referidas a velocidades máximas va más allá de las intervenciones estructurales.

Resumo Este estudo observacional teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de condutores que transitam com excesso de velocidade em vias urbanas e estudar fatores relacionados a este comportamento. A amostra consistiu de 8.565 veículos que circulavam em áreas com e sem radares fixos em operação. Verificamos que 40% dos veículos observados em locais a 200m de radar fixo e 33,6% daqueles observados nos locais sem radar excedem os limites legais (p < 0,001). Motocicletas tiveram maior velocidade máxima registrada (126km/h). Os homens mostraram ser maioria entre os condutores (87,6%), o uso do celular durante a direção foi verificado em 3,3% de todas as observações e 74,6% dos condutores, exceto motociclistas, faziam uso do cinto de segurança. Nos locais onde não havia a presença do radar fixo, maior proporção de mulheres foi observada utilizando mais o celular e o cinto de segurança em relação aos homens (p < 0,05, para ambas comparações), independente dos limites de velocidade. Sugere-se que adesão ao cumprimento dos limites de velocidade vai além de intervenções estruturais.

Abstract This observational study aimed to estimate the prevalence of speeding on urban roadways and to analyze associated factors. The sample consisted of 8,565 vehicles circulating in areas with and without fixed speed cameras in operation. We found that 40% of vehicles 200 meters after the fixed cameras and 33.6% of vehicles observed on roadways without speed cameras were moving over the speed limit (p < 0.001). Motorcycles showed the highest recorded speed (126km/h). Most drivers were men (87.6%), 3.3% of all drivers were using their cell phones, and 74.6% of drivers (not counting motorcyclists) were wearing their seatbelts. On roadway stretches without fixed speed cameras, more women drivers were talking on their cell phones and wearing seatbelts when compared to men (p < 0.05 for both comparisons), independently of speed limits. The results suggest that compliance with speed limits requires more than structural interventions.

Resumen Este estudio observacional fue realizado para estimar la prevalencia de los conductores que no respetan el límite de velocidad en vías urbanas y estudiar los factores relacionados con este comportamiento. La muestra consistió en 8.565 vehículos circulando en zonas con y sin radares fijos en funcionamiento. Se encontró que 40% de los vehículos a 200 metros mas allá del radar estacionario y 33,6% de los observados en las zonas sin radar exceden los límites legales (p < 0,001). Las motos registran una velocidad máxima más elevada (126km/h). Los hombres fueron mayoría (87,6%), el uso de celular mientras se conduce representó un 3.3% de todas las observaciones y el 74,6% de los conductores estaban usando cinturones de seguridad entre los automobilistas. En sitios donde no había presencia de radar estacionario, se observó una mayor proporción de mujeres que usan el teléfono y el cinturón de seguridad (p < 0,05 para ambas comparaciones), independientemente de los límites de velocidad. Se sugiere que la adherencia a las normas referidas a velocidades máximas va más allá de las intervenciones estructurales.

Rocio virus (ROCV) is an encephalitic flavivirus endemic to Brazil. Experimental flavivirus infections have previously demonstrated a persistent infection and, in this study, we investigated the persistence of ROCV infection in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). The hamsters were infected intraperitoneally with 9.8 LD50/0.02 mL of ROCV and later anaesthetised and sacrificed at various time points over a 120-day period to collect of blood, urine and organ samples. The viral titres were quantified by real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The specimens were used to infect Vero cells and ROCV antigens in the cells were detected by immunefluorescence assay. The levels of antibodies were determined by the haemagglutination inhibition technique. A histopathological examination was performed on the tissues by staining with haematoxylin-eosin and detecting viral antigens by immunohistochemistry (IHC). ROCV induced a strong immune response and was pathogenic in hamsters through neuroinvasion. ROCV was recovered from Vero cells exposed to samples from the viscera, brain, blood, serum and urine and was detected by qRT-PCR in the brain, liver and blood for three months after infection. ROCV induced histopathological changes and the expression of viral antigens, which were detected by IHC in the liver, kidney, lung and brain up to four months after infection. These findings show that ROCV is pathogenic to golden hamsters and has the capacity to cause persistent infection in animals after intraperitoneal infection.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de diabetes melito (DM) e tolerância à glicose diminuída (TGD) na população urbana de 30 a 79 anos da cidade de São Carlos, São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo de base populacional entre agosto de 2007 e junho de 2008. Todos os indivíduos, exceto mulheres grávidas, não diabéticos e aqueles com glicemia capilar em jejum < 199 mg/dl foram submetidos a teste oral de tolerância à glicose e classificados em diabéticos, com TGD ou com tolerância normal à glicose. RESULTADOS: Participaram da pesquisa 1.116 voluntários. As prevalências gerais de DM e TGD foram 13,5% e 5%, respectivamente. Houve associação entre DM e TGD e as variáveis "idade", "escolaridade", "índice de massa corpórea" e "circunferência abdominal". Não houve associação entre DM ou TGD e as variáveis "gênero", "cor da pele" e "rendimento mensal". CONCLUSÕES: Houve aumento na prevalência de DM em comparação a estudos anteriores no Brasil e na região. Embora tenha havido avanços no diagnóstico, o tratamento do DM requer otimização.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the urban population aged 30-79 years of the city of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: It was performed a population survey, from August 2007 to June 2008. Non diabetic individuals, excluding pregnant women, and those with fasting capillary glycemia < 199 mg/dl were administered oral glucose tolerance test and classified as diabetic, with IGT or with normal glucose tolerance. RESULTS: The number of individuals who participated in the study was 1,116. The overall rates of DM and IGT were 13.5% and 5%, respectively. DM and IGT were associated with age, education, body mass index and waist. They were not associated with gender, race or income. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DM has increased when compared with previous studies in Brazil and in the state. Improvement in the diagnosis has occurred, however, treatment requires optimization.