Abstract Introduction: recent studies have suggested the use of neck circumference as a parameter capable of identifying risks of cardiometabolic complications and the accumulation of truncal fat caused by both antiretroviral therapy and the lifestyle of people with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Objective: to investigate the relationship between neck circumference and anthropometric indicators and to assess cardiometabolic risk and truncal obesity through proposed cut-off points. Methods: cross-sectional study including 233 people with HIV. Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The anthropometric evaluation included: weight, height, body mass index (BMI) measurements; waist (WC), neck (NC), arm and arm muscle circumferences; triceps and subscapular skinfolds and their sum. ROC curves were constructed to determine the accuracy of NC in predicting cardiometabolic risk in people living with HIV. Results: the sample was 57.5 % male, with a mean age of 38.4 years (95 % CI: 37.2-39.7 years). NC showed a positive and significant correlation with all anthropometric variables analyzed (p < 0.05), and a higher correlation strength with WC and BMI. The NC cut-off point selected as a predictor of risk of cardiac metabolic complications and truncal obesity in women was ≥ 32.4 cm, considering both WC and BMI. For men, the NC cut-off points were different when considering WC (≥ 39.6 cm) and BMI (≥ 38.1 cm) as a reference. It is worth noting that NC performed well in ROC curve analysis for men, while in women it was a poor performance. Conclusion: NC proved to be a promising indicator in the assessment of nutrition and health of people living with HIV, especially in men.

Resumen Introducción: estudios recientes han sugerido el uso de la circunferencia del cuello como parámetro capaz de identificar los riesgos de complicaciones cardiometabólicas y la acumulación de grasa troncal causados tanto por la terapia antirretroviral como por el estilo de vida de las personas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Objetivo: investigar la relación entre la circunferencia del cuello y los indicadores antropométricos y evaluar el riesgo cardiometabólico y la obesidad troncal a través de los puntos de corte propuestos. Métodos: estudio transversal que incluyó a 233 personas con VIH. Se recogieron datos demográficos, socioeconómicos, de estilo de vida y clínicos mediante un cuestionario estructurado. La evaluación antropométrica incluyó: medidas de peso, altura, índice de masa corporal (IMC); circunferencias de cintura (CC), cuello (CN), brazo (CA) y músculo del brazo (MCB); pliegues cutáneos del tríceps y subescapular y su suma. Se construyeron curvas ROC para determinar la precisión de la CN en la predicción del riesgo cardiometabólico en personas que viven con el VIH. Resultados: el 57,5 % de la muestra eran varones, con una edad media de 38,4 años (IC 95 %: 37,2-39,7 años). La CN mostró una correlación positiva y significativa (p < 0,05) con todas las variables antropométricas analizadas, y una mayor fuerza de correlación con la CC y el IMC. El punto de corte de la CN seleccionado como predictor de riesgo de complicaciones metabólicas cardiacas y obesidad troncular en mujeres fue ≥ 32,4 cm, considerando tanto la CC como el IMC. En el caso de los hombres, los puntos de corte de la CN fueron diferentes al considerar como referencia la CC (≥ 39,6 cm) y el IMC (≥ 38,1 cm). Cabe destacar que la CN obtuvo buenos resultados en el análisis de la curva ROC en el caso de los hombres, mientras que en el de las mujeres fue deficiente. Conclusión: la CN demostró ser un indicador prometedor en la evaluación de la nutrición y la salud de las personas que viven con el VIH, especialmente en los hombres.

ABSTRACT Wood from planted forests is the main input in the charcoal production chain. However, the heterogeneity of charcoal, in terms of its physical, chemical and mechanical properties, and the low yield in production processes is among the main problems faced by industries. To select the best clones for the production of charcoal for steelmaking, the objective of this work was to evaluate the properties of wood, in addition to the yield and quality of charcoal from different genotypes of Eucalyptus and Corymbia. Five clones of Eucalyptus spp., 8 years old and one of Corymbia torelliana x Corymbia citriodora, 4 years old were studied. In the wood were determined the basic density, structural chemical composition, thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), crystallinity index and higher heating value. Carbonizations were carried out in a muffle oven, with a total time of 270 minutes, starting at 150°C and ending at 450°C. The gravimetric yield, apparent density, higher heating value and proximate analysis of charcoal were determined. The wood basic density varied between 477 and 652 kg/m3, with the highest value observed for the Eucalyptus cloeziana clone. This clone also had the highest total lignin content (32.6%), the highest charcoal yield (36.3%) and charcoal with the highest apparent density (466 kg/m3). The two clones of Eucalyptus urophylla had the highest heating value for charcoal, whose mean was 7545 kcal/kg. The clone of Corymbia torelliana x Corymbia citriodora, having an apparent density greater than 500 kg/m3 at 4 years of age, stood out in terms of productivity. All evaluated clones have potential for charcoal production, however, the Eucalyptus cloeziana clone stood out positively, being the most suitable for charcoal production.

RESUMO A madeira oriunda de florestas plantadas é o insumo principal na cadeia produtiva do carvão vegetal. No entanto, a heterogeneidade do carvão vegetal, em termos de suas propriedades físicas, químicas e mecânicas e o baixo rendimento nos processos de produção, está entre os principais problemas enfrentados pelas indústrias. Visando selecionar os melhores clones para a produção de carvão vegetal para uso siderúrgico, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades da madeira, além do rendimento e qualidade do carvão vegetal provenientes de diferentes genótipos de Eucalyptus e Corymbia. Foram estudados cinco clones de Eucalyptus spp., com idade de 8 anos e um de Corymbia torelliana x Corymbia citriodora, com idade de 4 anos. Na madeira, determinou-se a densidade básica, composição química estrutural, análise termogravimética (TG/DTG), índice de cristalinidade e poder calorífico superior. Foram realizadas carbonizações em forno mufla, com tempo total de 270 minutos, iniciando em 150°C e finalizando em 450°C. Determinou-se o rendimento gravimétrico, a densidade aparente, o poder calorífico superior e a composição química imediata do carvão vegetal. A densidade básica da madeira variou entre 477 e 652 kg/m3, sendo que o maior valor foi observado para o clone de Eucalyptus cloeziana. Este clone também apresentou o maior teor de lignina total (32,6%), maior rendimento em carvão vegetal (36,3%) e carvão vegetal com maior densidade aparente (466 kg/m3). Os dois clones de Eucalyptus urophylla apresentaram maior poder calorífico superior para o carvão vegetal, cuja média foi 7545 kcal/kg. O clone de Corymbia torelliana x Corymbia citriodora, por ter densidade aparente superior a 500 kg/m3, aos 4 anos de idade, foi o destaque em termos de produtividade. Todos os clones avaliados possuem potencial para a produção de carvão vegetal, porém o clone Eucalyptus cloeziana se destacou positivamente, sendo o mais indicado para a produção de carvão vegetal.

Abstract Objective: To describe systemic manifestations, the characteristics related to tooth eruption, and the occurrence of enamel defects in children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome (CZS). Material and Methods: Prospective case series based on nine children with confirmed CZS diagnosis assisted at a reference center in a municipality in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Through a structured interview directed to mothers, information related to prenatal, delivery, and postpartum periods was collected. Tooth eruption was monitored through clinical examinations for 36 months. The modified developmental defect of enamel index (DDE) was used to identify opacities and hypoplasia. Data were presented using descriptive statistics. Results: A high proportion (77.8%) had microcephaly, and 55.5% had low birth weight. Musculoskeletal disorders, swallowing difficulty, and self-injury practices were present in all children. Among the systemic findings, visual impairment (77.8%) and seizures (77.8%) were widely reported. Concerning disorders related to the stomatognathic system, bruxism (66.7%) and difficulty in sucking (33.3%) were present. For most children (77.8%), the deciduous right lower central incisor was the first tooth to erupt (minimum 8 months and maximum 17 months). Enamel defects were diagnosed in only two children (22.2%). Conclusion: A wide range of systemic manifestations was observed in children with CZS, including visual impairment and musculoskeletal disorders. Delayed eruption of the first deciduous tooth was also observed. Enamel defects were present in a small proportion of children.

Resumo A cidade do Rio de Janeiro implantou em larga o modelo das Organizações Sociais (OSS) para a gestão da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Esta opção torna a compreensão da experiência da cidade muito relevante, especialmente porque até então o modelo organizacional das OSS tinha sido adotado dominantemente na gestão hospitalar do SUS. Assim, é analisada a experiência de desenvolvimento da APS em dois momentos conflitantes da gestão municipal em relação ao modelo das OSS: a implantação e desenvolvimento das PPP (2009-2016); e o seu desmantelamento (2017-2020). Utilizou-se o Estudo de Caso, Revisão Bibliográfica e análise dos dados públicos do DATASUS/Ministério da Saúde. Identificou-se que: a adoção da terceirização com base nas OSS pode ser diretamente associada à rápida expansão da APS na cidade e a melhoria de indicadores de cobertura da APS; que a difusão do modelo das OSS está associada à alta prioridade dada ao gasto com saúde no orçamento municipal; que a sustentabilidade da adoção do modelo da OSS não foi dependente da condição econômica do município, mas da escolha política do governo no período 2009-2016. O arranjo das PPP produziu avanços organizacionais importantes, mas não impediram o veto ao modelo das OSS levada adiante ao longo da gestão de 2017-2020.

Abstract The city of Rio de Janeiro has implemented, on a large scale, the model of Social Organizations (OSS) for the management of Primary Health Care (PHC). This option makes the understanding of the city’s experience very relevant, especially since, until then, the OSS organizational model had been adopted predominantly in the SUS hospital management. Thus, the experience of PHC development at two conflicting moments of municipal management in relation to the OSS model is analyzed: the implementation and development of the PPPs (2009-2016); and their dismantling (2017-2020). Case Studies, Literature Review and analysis of public data from DATASUS/Ministry of Health were used. It was verified that: the adoption of outsourcing based on OSS can be directly associated with the rapid expansion of PHC in the city and PHC coverage improvement indicators; the diffusion of the OSS model is associated with the high priority given to health expenditures in the municipal budget; the sustainability of the adoption of the OSS model did not depend on the municipality’s economic status, but on the government’s political choice in the period of 2009 to 2016. The PPP arrangement resulted in important organizational advances, although it did not prevent the veto of the OSS model carried out during the 2017-2020 term.

Resumo A cidade do Rio de Janeiro implantou em larga o modelo das Organizações Sociais (OSS) para a gestão da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Esta opção torna a compreensão da experiência da cidade muito relevante, especialmente porque até então o modelo organizacional das OSS tinha sido adotado dominantemente na gestão hospitalar do SUS. Assim, é analisada a experiência de desenvolvimento da APS em dois momentos conflitantes da gestão municipal em relação ao modelo das OSS: a implantação e desenvolvimento das PPP (2009-2016); e o seu desmantelamento (2017-2020). Utilizou-se o Estudo de Caso, Revisão Bibliográfica e análise dos dados públicos do DATASUS/Ministério da Saúde. Identificou-se que: a adoção da terceirização com base nas OSS pode ser diretamente associada à rápida expansão da APS na cidade e a melhoria de indicadores de cobertura da APS; que a difusão do modelo das OSS está associada à alta prioridade dada ao gasto com saúde no orçamento municipal; que a sustentabilidade da adoção do modelo da OSS não foi dependente da condição econômica do município, mas da escolha política do governo no período 2009-2016. O arranjo das PPP produziu avanços organizacionais importantes, mas não impediram o veto ao modelo das OSS levada adiante ao longo da gestão de 2017-2020.

Abstract The city of Rio de Janeiro has implemented, on a large scale, the model of Social Organizations (OSS) for the management of Primary Health Care (PHC). This option makes the understanding of the city’s experience very relevant, especially since, until then, the OSS organizational model had been adopted predominantly in the SUS hospital management. Thus, the experience of PHC development at two conflicting moments of municipal management in relation to the OSS model is analyzed: the implementation and development of the PPPs (2009-2016); and their dismantling (2017-2020). Case Studies, Literature Review and analysis of public data from DATASUS/Ministry of Health were used. It was verified that: the adoption of outsourcing based on OSS can be directly associated with the rapid expansion of PHC in the city and PHC coverage improvement indicators; the diffusion of the OSS model is associated with the high priority given to health expenditures in the municipal budget; the sustainability of the adoption of the OSS model did not depend on the municipality’s economic status, but on the government’s political choice in the period of 2009 to 2016. The PPP arrangement resulted in important organizational advances, although it did not prevent the veto of the OSS model carried out during the 2017-2020 term.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the emotional and social experiences of parents or caregivers of children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in a city in the Northeastern of Brazil. Material and Methods: A quantitative and cross-sectional study was conducted among parents or caregivers of children with CL/P by interviews based on a questionnaire. Interviews were conducted during the First Smile Project in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. All participants (n=41) agreed to participate in the interview and signed an informed consent. The data was analyzed in SPSS software version 22.0. Results: The majority of participants were female (87.2%), with a mean age of 37 years, with a low level of education and low family income. The great majority (90.2%) of the parents were not prenatally diagnosed to have CL/P babies. Of those interviewed, 56.1% mentioned that the first diagnosis of cleft lip and palate was not presented by the professionals in a clarifying way to the family. Fear (36.6%) and sadness (19.5%) were the main feelings experienced when the child was diagnosed with fissure. Feeding (48.8%) was pointed out as the main concern in caring for a child with CL/P. Conclusion: The parents and caregivers interviewed faced important emotional and social problems that must be addressed by the professional team that assists the child with CL/P.

It is herein described the synthesis of a series of thirty novel 1,2,3-triazole-1,4 disubstituted compounds inspired on the known SRPKs inhibitor N-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)isonicotinamide (SRPIN340) and biological evaluation of them against human glioblastoma multiforme cell line U87MG. Starting with 1-fluoro-2 nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (1), the substances were prepared via a five-step synthetic route. The crucial step corresponded to the copper-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction between trifluoromethyl phenyl azides and different alkynes. In general, the compounds were obtained with good yields and they were characterized utilizing spectroscopic (IR and NMR) and spectrometric (HRMS) techniques. The evaluation of the synthesized compounds at three different treatment time (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h) and concentrations (50, 100, and 150 µmol L-1) revealed that five derivatives were capable of reducing cell viability by 50% after 72 h of treatment at the highest concentration. On the contrary, three derivatives significantly increased cell viability being this effect more pronounced after 48 h of treatment. In this regard, it stands out the compound 2-((1-(2-morpholino-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (7) which increased cell viability in approximately 300% after 48 h of treatment at 100 µmol L-1. The substances that increased cell viaiblity present as common structural features the presence of a saturated nitrogen-containing six-membered ring and carbonylated fragments.

Abstract Introduction: much evidence confirms that vitamin D may be associated with an improvement in CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected individuals, where antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used and associated with decreased 25(OH)D levels. Objective: to carry out a systematic review on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on HIV-infected adult patients. Methods: the research was conducted in the databases Science Direct, PubMed, BVS, Scielo Cochrane and Periods, from February to April 2018, with publication limit from 2000 to 2018, without restriction of gender, ethnicity and involving individuals with age older than 18 years. To evaluate the quality of the studies, we used the protocol Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) and the Jadad scale. Results: the search initially resulted in 198 articles. After the selection process 5 articles were identified as eligible, where they highlight that vitamin D supplementation may be an associated and effective intervention to reduce hypovitaminosis. ART reduces vitamin D3 levels and changes its metabolism, being associated with the risk of mortality. However, adequate levels of 25(OH)D are positively associated with the number of CD4 + cells and the reduction of infection levels. Conclusion: vitamin D supplementation promotes immune recovery. However, the cases analysed were few, insufficient to fully confirm the benefits and recommend supplementation. Therefore, intervention studies are needed to elucidate the role of vitamin D in human protection against HIV infections.

Resumen Introducción: muchas evidencias ratifican que la vitamina D puede estar asociada con la mejora de los niveles de células CD4 en individuos infectados por el VIH, tratados con terapia antirretroviral (ART) que se asocia a la disminución de los niveles de 25(OH)D. Objetivo: realizar una revisión sistemática sobre el efecto de la suplementación de vitamina D en pacientes adultos infectados con VIH. Métodos: la investigación fue realizada en las bases de datos Science Direct, PubMed, BVS, Scielo Cochrane y periódicos, de febrero a abril de 2018, con límite de publicación de 2000 a 2018, sin restricción de género, etnicidad y que involucra a individuos con edad mayores de 18 años. Para la evaluación de la calidad de los estudios, se utilizó el protocolo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews y Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) y la escala de Jadad. Resultados: la encuesta inicialmente resultó en 198 artículos. Después del proceso de selección, 5 artículos fueron identificados como elegibles, donde ponen de manifiesto que la suplementación con vitamina D puede ser una intervención asociada y eficaz para reducir la hipovitaminosis. La ART reduce niveles de la vitamina D3 y altera su metabolismo, estando asociada al riesgo de mortalidad. Sin embargo, los niveles adecuados de 25(OH)D están asociados positivamente al número de células CD4 + y la reducción de los niveles de infecciones. Conclusión: la suplementación de vitamina D promueve la recuperación inmunológica. Sin embargo, los casos analizados fueron pocos, insuficientes para confirmar totalmente los beneficios y recomendar la suplementación. Por lo tanto, estudios de intervención son necesarios para elucidar la actuación de la vitamina D en la protección humana contra las infecciones por el VIH.

Abstract: This study aimed to characterize the helminthiasis and anthelminthic effectiveness in calf herds raised in a hot semi-arid area. Sixty (60) cattle farms from the northern area of Minas Gerais, Brazilian sertão, were categorized by semi-structured questionnaires. It was also performed the fecal egg counts (FEC) reduction test to analyze the profile of anthelminthic resistance in eight herds. The study selected groups of at least 10 homogeneous calves with FEC ≥ 150 per treatment. After 12 h of fast, calf groups were treated with albendazole, levamisole, ivermectin, doramectin or abamectin, except the control groups (untreated). It was collected feces before treatments and 14 d later larvae genera of nematodes were identified after coproculture. Extensive grazing was the predominant creation system for beef calves, deworming was employed every 6 mo in 64 % of the farms and macrocyclic lactones was the most frequently used anthelminthic group. The anthelminthic efficacy varied from 62 to 98.9 %. The resistance profile to ivermectin, levaminosole, albendazole and (or) doramectin verified in this research is alarming as the genus Haemonchus was the most frequent one before and after the treatments. It was detected variations in the creation systems, in control practices and in anthelminthic susceptibility profiles between herds. Therefore, this work emphasize the importance of using strategic control with FEC reduction test for choice of anthelminthic and the encouragement of practices of alternative control.

Resumen: El uso excesivo o inadecuado de los antihelmínticos sintéticos está promoviendo la selección de cepas resistentes de nematodos gastrointestinales al nivel mundial. Se llevó a cabo la caracterización de la helmintiasis y la eficacia antihelmíntica de cinco antihelmínticos en una muestra de becerros criados en el estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. El estado está ubicado en una región conocida como el Sertão, y el clima es semiárido cálido. Se aplicaron cuestionarios semi-estructurados para recopilar datos sobre 60 granjas de ganado en el norte del estado. En ocho hatos se realizaron pruebas de la reducción del recuento de huevos fecales (RHF) para analizar el perfil de resistencia a cinco antihelmínticos comunes (albendazol, levamisol, ivermectina, doramectina y abamectina). Para aplicar el RHF, se recolectaron muestras fecales de grupos de al menos 10 becerros homogéneos con un RHF ≥150 por tratamiento. Se tomaron las muestras un día antes y catorce días después de la desparasitación con uno de los antihelmínticos; un grupo de control no recibió ningún tratamiento. Por medio de coprocultivo, se identificaron los géneros de las larvas presentes en las muestras. El cuestionario arrojó que el pastoreo extensivo fue el sistema predominante de producción de becerros, que se administraron antihelmínticos cada seis meses en el 64 % de las granjas, y que las lactonas macrocíclicas fue el grupo antihelmíntico más utilizado. La eficacia de los antihelmínticos evaluados varió entre el 62 y el 98.9 %. El perfil de resistencia verificado de la ivermectina, el levamisol, el albendazol y la doramectina es preocupante porque el género Haemonchus fue el más frecuente antes y después de los tratamientos. Se detectaron variaciones entre los hatos en términos de los sistemas de cría, las prácticas de control y los perfiles de susceptibilidad a los antihelmínticos. Los resultados resaltan la importancia de implementar el control estratégico de parásitos mediante la prueba de reducción de RHF para la elección de antihelmínticos, y de fomentar prácticas alternativas de control.

RESUMO Introdução: Nas últimas décadas, inúmeros fatores transformaram as hepatectomias em operações mais seguras. A quimioterapia, juntamente com novas drogas para o tratamento de metástases propiciaram melhores respostas, o que possibilitou a indicação cirúrgica em pacientes que inicialmente não eram candidatos a ela. Lesões hepáticas muitas vezes requerem ressecção, que pode ser realizada tanto por laparotomia, por videolaparoscopia ou assistida por plataforma robótica. Objetivo: Comparar as técnicas cirúrgicas para ressecção de tumores hepáticos. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão com base em artigos científicos publicados nos últimos anos, sobre as indicações dessas técnicas e em artigos que comparam-nas. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados Lilacs/Pubmed/Scielo. Resultados: O estudo evidenciou vantagens da videolaparoscopia sobre a laparotomia, tais como menores incisões, redução na dor pós-operatória, menor tempo de recuperação dos doentes, dentre outras. No entanto, a necessidade de equipe especializada e a restrição na manipulação da área, consistem, ainda, em desvantagens consideráveis da técnica laparoscópica. Atualmente, ainda não está claro se o auxílio robótico demonstra vantagem substancial sobre a técnica laparoscópica, sendo o alto custo de aquisição e manutenção importante fator limitante. Conclusão: Apesar dos obstáculos e desafios, a hepatectomia laparoscópica demonstra vantagens sobre a laparotômica. A técnica assistida por robótica ainda está em evolução, sendo poucos os centros no mundo que a realizam nas ressecções hepáticas. Dessa forma, indica-se a laparoscopia, a menos que haja alguma contraindicação para sua realização.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Several factors have made hepatectomy an increasingly safe surgery and new drugs allowed surgical treatment for patients who initially were not candidates for resection. Lesions often require resection, which can be performed by open, laparoscopic, or robotic assisted hepatectomy. Aim: Compare the surgical techniques in open, laparoscopic, and robotic assisted hepatectomy for resection of liver tumors. Methods: Literature review based on scientific papers published on Lilacs/Pubmed/Scielo in the last 17 years regarding the indications of these techniques for liver tumor resections and on papers comparing such techniques. Results: The comparative study shows the benefits of laparoscopic surgery over open surgery, such as smaller incisions, less postoperative pain, shorter recovery time, smaller immune and metabolic response, and quicker restoration of oral ingestion as well as lower morbidity rates. However, the need for a specialized surgical team and the reduction in handling area still remain as disadvantages in the laparoscopic technique. It is yet not clear whether robotic assistance presents considerable benefits over the laparoscopic technique considering that high acquisition and maintenance costs are limiting factors. Conclusion: Despite all challenges, laparoscopic hepatectomy presents many benefits over open surgery. The robotic assisted technique is still in evolution as many centers in the world perform hepatic resections with the platforms but only after a thorough patient selection. Thus, laparoscopy stands as the best option, unless there is some contraindication to the procedure.

Vaccinia virus naturally circulates in Brazil and is the causative agent of a zoonotic disease known as bovine vaccinia (BV). We retrospectively evaluated two populations from the Amazon and Southeast Regions. BV outbreaks had not been reported in these regions before sample collection. Neutralising antibodies were found in 13 individuals (n = 132) with titres ranging from 100 ≥ 6,400 neutralising units/mL. Univariate analysis identified age and vaccination as statistically significant risk factors in individuals from the Southeast Region. The absence of detectable antibodies in vaccinated individuals raises questions about the protection of smallpox vaccine years after vaccination and reinforces the need for surveillance of Orthopoxvirus in Brazilian populations without evidence of previous outbreaks.

Hypnea musciformis ocorre amplamente na costa nordeste do Brasil, sendo uma das mais importantes fontes naturais de k-carrageenana que é utilizado nas indústrias alimentícia e cosmética. Apesar do potencial de explotação, pouco se sabe sobre sua ecologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a biologia e ecologia de H. musciformis no Brasil através da análise do estoque de biomassa e da flora acompanhante. Duas populações de H. musciformis foram analisadas nas praias de Stella Maris e Itacimirim (Bahia, Brasil). Oito amostragens foram realizadas entre 2007 e 2009, durante as estações seca e chuvosa. As algas foram coletadas ao longo de transectos (20 m) utilizando quadrados (0,04 m²) em três diferentes regiões hidrodinâmicas dos recifes (TP, PRR e FRR). t-Test, Teste de Dunn e ANOVA paramétrica e não-paramétrica foram utilizados para a análise estatística. Foram identificadas 17 espécies hospedeiras e 41 espécies associadas. O maior estoque de biomassa foi observado durante a estação seca. Em Stella Maris, a região com maior estoque de biomassa foi FRR, e em Itacimirim, TP apresentou biomassa maior. Este estudo permite supor que sazonalidade, microhabitats, hidrodinamismo e fatores em microescala contribuem para a variação no estoque de biomassa em populações de H. musciformis.

Hypnea musciformis occurs widely in the northeast coast of Brazil, and it is one of the most important natural sources of k-carrageenan, which is used in food and cosmetic industries. Despite its potential for exploitation little is known about its ecology. The aim of this study was to investigate the biology and ecology of H. musciformis in Brazil through analyses of biomass stock and accompanying flora. Two populations of H. musciformis were analyzed: those on the beaches of Stella Maris and Itacimirim (Bahia, Brazil). Eight samplings were conducted between 2007 and 2009 during the dry and rainy seasons. The algae were sampled along transects (20 m) using quadrats (0.04 m²) in three different hydrodynamic regions of the reefs (TP, PRR and FRR). The t-Test, Dunn's Test and parametric and nonparametric ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. 17 host species and 41 associated species were identified. The highest biomass stock was observed during the dry season. On Stella Maris, the region with the highest biomass stock was FRR; on Itacimirim, TP had the highest biomass value. This study permits the assumption that seasonality, microhabitat, hydrodynamic and micro scale factors contribute to variation in biomass stock in H. musciformis populations.

Este trabalho caracteriza a estrutura e dinâmica das comunidades de macroalgas bentônicas associadas a populações de H. musciformis ocorrentes em formações recifais nas praias de Stella Maris (Salvador) e Itacimirim (Camaçari). As coletas ocorreram entre agosto de 2007 e junho de 2008. As formações recifais foram divididas em compartimentos com base no hidrodinamismo. Utilizou-se três transectos em cada compartimento, onde foram dispostos cinco quadrados de 20 x 20 cm. Foram obtidos dados de riqueza, biomassa, percentual de importância (Pi%), diversidade (H') e equitabilidade (J'). Na área estudada ocorreram 60 espécies: 30 Rhodophyta, 20 Chlorophyta e 10 Ochrophyta; biomassa média de 136 g.m-² (peso seco); e índices médios de H' e J' de 2,7 e 0,97, respectivamente. Houve predominância das rodofíceas, tanto em riqueza específica quanto em valores de biomassa. Foi encontrada maior contribuição do grupo morfo-funcional de algas corticadas. Dentre a flora associada, Gelidiella acerosa, Sargassum cymosum e Palisada perforata apresentaram maiores valores de biomassa. O compartimento recifal mais representativo em riqueza específica e biomassa foi a região frontal do recife. As comunidades das praias estudadas foram consideradas distintas devido à fisionomia das formações recifais.

This study characterized the structure and dynamics of macroalgae communities associated with benthic populations of H. musciformis occurring in reef formations on the beaches of Stella Maris (Salvador) and Itacimirim (Camaçari), Bahia. The samples were collected between August 2007 and June 2008. The reef formations were divided into compartments based on hydrodynamics. Three transects where made for each compartment, and each of these had five quadrants of 20 x 20cm. Data about the richness, biomass, percentage of importance (Pi%), diversity (H') and evenness (J') was collected. The study recorded 60 species, 30 Rhodophyta, 20 Chlorophyta and 10 Ochrophyta, which had an average biomass of 136 g.m-² (dry weight) and average rates of H' and J' of 2.7 and 0.97, respectively. There was a predominance of red algae, both in values of richness and in biomass. The contribution of the morpho-functional group of the cortical algae was greater. Among the flora recorded, Gelidiella acerosa, Sargassum cymosum and Palisada perforata had higher biomasses. The reef compartment with the highest species richness and biomass was the frontal region. The communities of the beaches studied were considered distinct because of the physiognomy of the reef formations.