ABSTRACT From 2015 to 2021 the prevalence of parasites was evaluated in fecal samples of dogs from the municipality of Niterói, RJ. The samples were examined at the Laboratory of Diagnostic Support in Parasitic Diseases (LADDP) of the Veterinary School at the Federal Fluminense University (UFF), using centrifugal flotation, sedimentation and mini-FLOTAC techniques. Of the 1,037 samples examined, 30.6% (318/1,037) showed positive results for some parasitic infections, of which 80.5% (256/318) were positive for only one species of parasite and 19.5% (62/318) for multiple infections. Parasitism by Ancylostoma caninum was the most prevalent, with 39% (124/318), followed by Giardia sp., 16% (51/318); Toxocara canis, 14.5% (46/318); Trichuris vulpis, 8.5% (27/318); Cystoisospora canis, 8.5% (27/318); Dipylidium caninum, 7.9% (25/318); and Cryptosporidium sp., 5.6% (18/318). The parasitological diagnosis of dogs in urban areas is the best choice to evaluate the efficacy of control measures adopted for parasitic infections, including those with zoonotic importance.

RESUMO Durante o período de 2015 a 2021, foi avaliada a prevalência de endoparasitos em amostras fecais de cães provenientes do município de Niterói, RJ. As amostras foram analisadas no Laboratório de Apoio Diagnóstico em Doenças Parasitárias (LADDP) da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), sendo usadas as técnicas de centrifugo-flutuação, sedimentação simples e mini-FLOTAC. Das 1.037 amostras analisadas, 30,6% (318/1.037) apresentaram resultados positivos para alguma infecção parasitária, sendo dessas 80,5% (256/318) positivas para apenas uma espécie de parasito e 19,5% (62/318) para infecções múltiplas. O parasitismo por Ancylostoma caninum foi o mais prevalente, com 39% (124/318), seguido por Giardia sp., 16% (51/318), Toxocara canis, 14,5% (46/318), Trichuris vulpis, 8,5% (27/318), Cystoisospora canis, 8,5% (27/318), Dipylidium caninum, 7,9% (25/318) e Cryptosporidium sp., 5,6% (18/318). O diagnóstico parasitológico de cães em áreas urbanas é a melhor alternativa para a avaliação da eficácia dos programas de controle de infecções parasitárias, incluindo aquelas com importância zoonótica.

Abstract Objective: To explore the relationship of undernutrition and the short duration of breastfeeding with child development of children 0–66 months of age residing in Ceará, Brazil. Methods: The authors of the present study utilized population-based data from children enrolled in the Study on Maternal and Child Health in Ceará, Brazi (PESMIC). Children’s development was assessed with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire third version, validated in Brazil. Undernutrition was accessed through anthropometric measures obtained by trained staff. Breastfeeding information was obtained through the mothers' report and confirmed in the child's governmental booklet. The authors used logistic regressions adjusted for sample clusters used in PESMIC design in a theoretical model for known determinants of child development following the World Health Organization nurturing framework. Results: A total of 3,566 children were enrolled in the sixth PESMIC study and had their development assessed. The authors found that 8.2%, 3.0%, 2.1%, and 3.6% of children were stunted, underweight, or wasted, at the time of the interview, respectively. All studied factors were associated with a higher prevalence of child development impairment in at least one of the assessed domains. Underweight was the factor with the strongest effect, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 4,14 (2,26–7,58), p < 0.001. Breastfeeding for up to two months compared to more than six months (AOR2,08 (1,38–3,12)) was also associated. Conclusions: The authors found that undernutrition and short duration of breastfeeding are associated with development outcomes among Brazilian children. As a result, integrated nutritional programs may improve child development outcomes.

RESUMO A osteomielite é um desafio terapêutico em ortopedia, capaz de retardar ou mesmo impedir a consolidação óssea. O omento, há anos, tem sido empregado como alternativa em diferentes procedimentos cirúrgicos, por sua capacidade, entre outras, de angiogênese, sendo aplicado na ortopedia veterinária quando há o risco de não união óssea. Neste caso, um cão Fila Brasileiro foi submetido à realização de enxerto com retalho pediculado de omento maior, após osteomielite resistente presente em osteossíntese de fratura múltipla de tíbia aberta grau II. Durante 16 dias, manteve-se a comunicação do retalho, mas, diante do risco de peritonite, o pedículo foi seccionado. Numa sequência de intervenções cirúrgicas, após 89 dias, houve cicatrização óssea e remissão da osteomielite, mesmo na presença de bactérias multirresistentes. Neste relato, o omento foi efetivo como terapia adjuvante no tratamento da osteomielite e garantiu o retorno da função do membro.

ABSTRACT Osteomyelitis is a therapeutic challenge in orthopedics, capable of delaying or even preventing bone healing. The omentum has been used in different surgical procedures as an alternative for its capacity, among others, of angiogenesis, being applied in veterinary orthopedics, when there is a risk of non-union of bone. In this case, a Brazilian row dog was submitted to grafting with pedicle flap of greater omentum, after resistant osteomyelitis present in open fracture osteosynthesis of open tibia grade II. For 16 days the communication of the flap was maintained, but at the risk of peritonitis, the pedicle was sectioned. In a sequence of surgical interventions, after 89 days, there was bone healing and remission of osteomyelitis, even in the presence of multi-resistant bacteria. In this report, the omentum was effective as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of osteomyelitis and guaranteed the return of limb function.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do regime alimentar para ganho compensatório sobre o desempenho produtivo, o peso do corpo vazio, o peso dos componentes abióticos, o peso e a proporção do TGI e a morfometria do rúmen e do intestino delgado de cordeiros terminados em confinamento. Para tanto, foram utilizados 40 cordeiros Santa Inês, machos não castrados, alojados em baias individuais. O confinamento foi dividido em dois períodos distintos de 42 dias: um de restrição alimentar, com quatro tratamentos (0, 20, 40 e 60% de restrição), e outro de realimentação, em que todos os animais foram realimentados sem restrição. Ao final do período de confinamento, os cordeiros foram abatidos para mensuração do peso do TGI, do peso dos componentes abióticos e para obtenção dos fragmentos do rúmen e do intestino delgado, os quais foram posteriormente utilizados na confecção das lâminas histológicas usadas para avaliação da morfometria das papilas ruminais e das vilosidades e criptas do intestino (µm). As variáveis relativas ao desempenho, além de peso ao abate, peso do corpo vazio e peso do TGI, diminuíram à medida que se aumentou o nível de restrição prévia. A largura das papilas ruminais diminuiu, variando de 555,7 a 470,3µm; a área das vilosidades do intestino aumentou, variando de 81042,8 a 92033,7µm2. O regime alimentar para ganho compensatório diminuiu o ganho de peso, o peso ao abate, o peso do corpo vazio e o peso do trato gastrintestinal de cordeiros Santa Inês, terminados em confinamento, além de afetar a morfometria das papilas ruminais e das vilosidades do intestino delgado.

The aim was evaluate the effect of diet for compensatory growth on performance, empty weight body, weight of abiotic components, weight and proportion of TGI and morphology of the rumen and small intestine of lambs feedlot. Thus, we used 40 Santa Inês non castrated male lambs, housed in individual pens. The containment was divided into two distinct periods of 42 days: a food restriction, with four treatments (0, 20, 40 and 60% restriction), and a feedback loop, where all the animals were fed again without restriction. At the end of the period of confinement they were slaughtered to measure the weight of TGI, weight and abiotic components for obtaining fragments of the rumen and small intestine, which were subsequently used for the preparation of histological slides used to evaluate the morphology of the papillae rumen and the intestinal villi and crypts (μm). The variables for performance, slaughter weight, empty body weight and weight of TGI decreased as they increased the level of prior restraint. The width of the rumen papillae decreased ranging from 555.7 to 470.3μm; the area of increased intestinal villi ranged from 81042.8 to 92033.7μm2. The diet for compensatory gain decreases weight gain, slaughter weight, empty body weight and the weight of the gastrointestinal tract of Santa Ines lambs, besides affecting the morphology of rumen papillae and villi of the small intestine.

Determinou-se o efeito do regime alimentar para ganho compensatório sobre a composição regional e tecidual da carcaça de cordeiros terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 40 ovinos Santa Inês, machos, com média de 17±1,7kg de peso vivo (PV) e 100 dias de idade. Ao final do período de confinamento, os cordeiros foram abatidos, e a meia carcaça esquerda foi seccionada em cinco cortes comerciais primários: pescoço, paleta, costilhar, lombo e perna. A perna foi dissecada em músculos, ossos e gorduras, e, em seguida, teve seu índice de musculosidade determinado. Foi mensurada a hipertrofia muscular por meio da média do diâmetro das fibras musculares. O peso (g) da meia carcaça esquerda, do pescoço, da paleta, do costilhar, do lombo e da perna diminuiu linearmente, à medida que aumentou o nível de restrição prévia, de 0% até 60%, variando, respectivamente, de 11497,4 a 8888,5; de 1453,8 a 1211,4; de 1955,4 a 1560,9; de 3420,0 a 2604,6; de 1669,4 a 1161,6 e de 2998,8 a 2350,0. No rendimento dos cortes, apenas o lombo sofreu efeito do regime alimentar, diminuindo de 14,5 para 13,1%. O índice de musculosidade da perna (0,42 a 0,39) e o diâmetro das fibras musculares (46,0 a 43,4µm) também diminuíram com o aumento da restrição prévia. A restrição alimentar seguida por realimentação diminui o peso dos cortes e não afeta seu rendimento; diminui também a proporção de gordura da carcaça, produzindo, assim, cortes mais leves e carne com menor teor de gordura.

The effect of diets for compensatory gain on the commercial cut yield and carcasses tissue composition of finished feedlot lambs was determined. A total of 40 Santa Inês lambs, with mean body weight (BW) of 17±1.7kg and 100 days old were used. The lambs were slaughtered; the left half carcass was sectioned into five primary commercial cuts: neck, shoulder, rib, loin and leg. The leg was dissected into muscle, bone and fat, and then the muscularity of the leg was determined. Muscle hypertrophy was measured by the mean diameter of muscle fibers. The left half carcass, neck, shoulder, rib, loin and leg weight decreased linearly between 0 and 60% of previous food restriction levels, ranging, respectively, from 11497.4 to 8888.5g; from 1453.8 to 1211.4g; from 1955.4 to 1560.9g; from 3420.0 to 2604.6g; from 1669.4 to 1161.6g and from 2998.8 to 2350.0g, as well as loin yield (from 14.5 to 13.1%), leg musculosity index (from 0.42 to 0,39) and muscle fiber diameter (from 46.0 to 43.4µm). Food restriction followed by refeeding promoted decreasing in the weight of cuts and did not affect the yield, and it also decreased the proportion of fat in the carcass, resulting in lighter cuts and leaner meat.

Avaliou-se o perfil metabólico de 40 ovinos Santa Inês, inteiros, com peso vivo médio inicial de 17±1,7kg,, submetidos à restrição alimentar seguida de realimentação em confinamento, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos: 0, 20, 40 e 60% de restrição alimentar. Dois ensaios foram desenvolvidos, um referente à restrição e outro à realimentação. Para tanto, foi utilizado delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e 10 repetições, e distribuído em fatorial cruzado 4x3. Observou-se na fase de restrição que os níveis de fósforo foram mais altos nos animais sob restrição alimentar; o mesmo ocorrendo na fase final para as concentrações de proteínas totais (PT), albumina (Alb) e colesterol total. A gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT) decresceu de forma linear com o aumento da restrição. No segundo ensaio, verificou-se que as concentrações de PT, Alb, globulina, colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade, GGT e magnésio (Mg) apresentaram diferença (P<0,05) entre os períodos de coleta. Já na restrição prévia, observou-se comportamento linear decrescente para GGT e interação tratamento versus período de coleta para a concentração de cálcio. Os níveis de restrição alimentar afetaram o metabolismo proteico e não interferiram no metabolismo energético, e a realimentação resultou em alteração no metabolismo proteico, energético e mineral.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic profile of 40 Santa Inês sheep, whole, with average weight of 17±1,7kg, submitted to food restriction followed by refeeding in confinement, distributed in four treatments: 0, 20, 40 and 60% restriction food. Two tests were developed, one for restriction and one for refeeding. In this experiment a completely randomized design was used, with four treatments and 10 repetitions, distributed in a factorial 4x3 crossover. In the constraint phase it was observed that phosphorus levels were higher in animals under food restriction, this also occurred in the final stage for of total protein (TP), albumin (Alb) and total cholesterol concentrations. The gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) decreased linearly with increasing restriction. On the second trial it was found that concentrations of PT, Alb, globulin, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, GGT and Mg were similar (P<0,05) between collection periods. In the previous restriction, a decreasing linear behavior and interaction treatment for GGT versus collection period for the concentration of calcium was observed. The levels of food restriction affect protein metabolism and did not interfere with energy metabolism, and feedback resulted in changes in protein, energy and mineral metabolism.

Since streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes is a widely used model of painful diabetic neuropathy, the aim of the present study was to design a rational protocol to investigate whether the development of mechanical hypernociception induced by STZ depends exclusively on hyperglycemia. Male Wistar rats (180-200 g; N = 6-7 per group) received a single intravenous injection of STZ at three different doses (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg). Only the higher dose (40 mg/kg) induced a significant increase in blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance and deficiency in weight gain. However, all STZ-treated rats (hyperglycemic or not) developed persistent (for at least 20 days) and indistinguishable bilateral mechanical hypernociception that was not prevented by daily insulin treatment (2 IU twice a day, sc). Systemic morphine (2 mg/kg) but not local (intraplantar) morphine treatment (8 µg/paw) significantly inhibited the mechanical hypernociception induced by STZ (10 or 40 mg/kg). In addition, intraplantar injection of STZ at doses that did not cause hyperglycemia (30, 100 or 300 µg/paw) induced ipsilateral mechanical hypernociception for at least 8 h that was inhibited by local and systemic morphine treatment (8 µg/paw or 2 mg/kg, respectively), but not by dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, sc). The results of this study demonstrate that systemic administration of STZ induces mechanical hypernociception that does not depend on hyperglycemia and intraplantar STZ induces mechanical sensitization of primary sensory neurons responsive to local morphine treatment.

Borreliose aviária é uma doença septicêmica aguda, cosmopolita, que acomete diferentes espécies aviárias, sendo causada por Borrelia anserina Sakharoff, 1891. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar as alterações hematológicas em Gallus gallus domesticus experimentalmente infectados por B. anserina via vetor Argas (Persicargas) miniatus. Um total de 27 aves da espécie G. g. domesticus com 67 dias de vida, foram divididas em três grupos inteiramente casualizados contendo nove animais cada. Um grupo foi exposto a carrapatos infectados por B. anserina (Grupo 1); outro a carrapatos livres deste agente (Grupo 2); além de um grupo não exposto aos carrapatos (Grupo 3). Realizaram-se esfregaços sangüíneos diariamente, a partir do primeiro dia de exposição ao vetor, até o 25º dia pós-exposição (DPE). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas 3 dias antes da exposição aos carrapatos, e 3, 8 e 18 dias pós-exposição (DPE), para a realização dos hemogramas. O exame dos esfregaços das aves do Grupo 1 revelou grande número de espiroquetas. Os esfregaços sangüíneos dos Grupos 2 e 3 mantiveram-se negativos durante todo o período experimental. De acordo com os resultados das avaliações hematológicas, as aves do Grupo 1 apresentaram um quadro de anemia normocítica normocrômica em oito DPE, além de leucocitose com heterofilia e monocitose que cursaram paralelamente ao período de espiroquetemia. Concluiu-se que a infecção por B. anserina determinou nas aves do Grupo 1 alterações hematológicas compatíveis com uma infecção bacteriana de moderada gravidade, evoluindo para auto-cura, nas condições experimentais estabelecidas neste trabalho.

Avian spirochaetosis is a cosmopolite acute septicemic disease of many avian species, caused by Borrelia anserina Sakharoff, 1891. The present study assesses the estimate of the hematological alterations of Gallus gallus domesticus experimentally infected with B. anserina by vector Argas (Persicargas) miniatus. Twenty-seven fowls of the species G. g. domesticus, 67 days old, were randomly allocated into three groups composed by nine animals each. One group was exposed to B. anserina infected ticks (Group 1), other one to ticks free of this agent (Group 2), and another group not exposed to ticks (Group 3). Blood smears of the fowls were taken daily, since the first day the fowls were exposed to the ticks, up to the 25th day after exposure (DAE). Blood samples were collected three days before exposure, and three, eight and 18 DAE, for hematologic tests. The examination of Group 1 smears revealed large number of spirochaetes. Group 2 and 3 blood smears were negative during the whole period under exam. In agreement with the hematological evaluation results, the fowls exposed to infected ticks showed a normocytic normochromic anemia in eight DAE, leucocytosis with heterophilia and monocytosis concomitant with the spirochaetemia. We concluded that B. anserina infection determined on fowls of Group 1 hematological alterations compatible with bacterial infection of moderate gravity, developing to self-cure, in the experimental conditions established in this study.

A phytochemical study of the ethanol extract and an extraction of the volatile compounds, performed by means of Clevenger apparatus were carried out with the stem of Fusaea longifolia (Aubl.) Saff. (Annonaceae). The ethanol extract yielded O-methylmoschatoline, isolated for the first time in this species, and stepholidine, reported for the first time in genus Fusaea. The structural identification of the alkaloids was made based on the analysis of their NMR spectra. Through the use of GC and GC-MS, two sesquiterpenoids, a-cadinol (12.5%) and spatulenol (12.0%) were identified as the major constituents of the essential oil.

Três alcalóides benzilisoquinolínicos, reticulina, coclaurina e N-acetilnorjuzifina foram isolados das cascas de caule de Ocotea duckei; do cálice foi isolado laureliptina, um alcalóide do tipo aporfínico. Essas substâncias foram isoladas por métodos cromatográficos e identificadas por espectroscopia de 1H e 13C NMR com o auxílio de técnicas 2-D como as de COSY, NOESY, HMQC e HMBC. Comparações com os dados de literatura foram também realizadas.

Three benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, reticuline, coclaurine, and N-acetyl norjuziphine, where isolated from the stem bark of Ocotea duckei, the calix yielded laurelliptine, an aporphine alkaloid. These substances were isolated by chromatographic methods and identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy with the aid of 2-D techniques such as COSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC. Comparison with literature data was also helpful.

O extrato hexânico das cascas do caule de Diplotropis ferruginea Benth (Fabaceae), após procedimentos cromatográficos e fitoquímicos, forneceu o triterpeno lupeol, citado pela primeira vez em Diplotropis ferruginea, e etil-2-hidroxi-4-methoxi-6-propil-benzoate, descrito pela primeira vez em na literatura. As determinações estruturais desses compostos foram realizadas com base em análises espectroscópicas de ¹H e 13C NMR, bem como também por comparação com valores da literatura.

The hexane extract of the stem bark of Diplotropis ferruginea Benth (Fabaceae), after chromatografic and phytochemical procedures, yielded the triterpene lupeol, wich has been cited for the first time on Diplotropis ferruginea, and ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-propyl-benzoate, described for the first time on literature. The structural determinations of these compounds were performed on the basis of ¹H and 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis as well as comparison with literature values.

Diferentes espécies de Baccharis pertencentes ao grupo Trimera são comumente denominadas como carqueja e empregadas por suas propriedades digestivas e diuréticas. Como os membros desse grupo são semelhantes, este trabalho objetivou estudar as características macro e microscopicas de Baccharis articulata, B. cylindrica, B. gaudichaudiana e B. trimera, como forma de contribuir à análise das drogas e complementar o conhecimento taxinômico do grupo Trimera. Estas espécies são arbustos e tem caules trialados, com exceção de B. articulata a qual possui duas alas. O axis de B. gaudichaudiana revela nervuras, de B. articulata tem contorno oval e de B. cylindrica e B. trimera stem são circulares. Em B. cylindrica e B. trimera, floema incluso tem sido observado em regiões basais antigas. Cristais de oxalate de calico são vistos nas quarto espécies, do tipo estilóide em B. articulata e B. cylindrica e prismáticos em B. gaudichaudiana e B. trimera. As outras características microscópicas observadas são similares.

Different species of Baccharis belonging to the Trimera group are commonly named as carqueja and employed for their digestive and diuretic properties. Since the members of this group are alike, this work has aimed to study the macro and microscopical characters of Baccharis articulata, B. cylindrica, B. gaudichaudiana and B. trimera, in order to contribute for the drug analysis and to complement taxonomic knowledge for the Trimera group. These species are shrubs and have three-winged stem, except for B. articulata which possesses two wings. B. gaudichaudiana axis reveals ribs, B. articulata has oval contour and B. cylindrica and B. trimera stem is circular. In B. cylindrica and B. trimera, included phloem has been observed in older basal regions. Calcium oxalate crystals are seen in the four species, being styloid in B. articulata and B. cylindrica and prismatic in B. gaudichaudiana and B. trimera. The other microscopical features observed are similar.

From the ethanolic extract of the leaves and thin branches of Duguetia trunciflora Maas (Annonaceae) six alkaloids were isolated, being one benzylisoquinoline: reticuline¹, four tetrahydroprotoberberine:,tetrahydro-palmatine², tetrahydrojathrorrizine³, discretamine4, thaicanine5, and one berberine: jathrorrizine6. These alkaloids were identified through ¹H and 13C NMR spectroscopic technics. The alkaloids 1, 3, 5 and 6 are being cited for the first time on Duguetia genus.

The genus Hornschuchia obliqua belonging to the Annonaceae family. The family comprising ca 130 genera and 2300 species, located in the Magnoliales, a primitive order of plants, is known to produce isoquinoline alkaloids derivatives1. Indeed the great majority of alkaloidal constituents of these plants are isoquinoline-derived structures, along with a wide range of non-alkaloidal compounds of varied stuctural types2,3. The present paper describes the chemical investigation of the alkaloids from Hornschuchia obliqua, isolated until now.

This article is a transcription of an electronic symposium in which some active researchers were invited by the Brazilian Society for Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC) to discuss the last decade's advances in neurobiology of learning and memory. The way different parts of the brain are recruited during the storage of different kinds of memory (e.g., short-term vs long-term memory, declarative vs procedural memory) and even the property of these divisions were discussed. It was pointed out that the brain does not really store memories, but stores traces of information that are later used to create memories, not always expressing a completely veridical picture of the past experienced reality. To perform this process different parts of the brain act as important nodes of the neural network that encode, store and retrieve the information that will be used to create memories. Some of the brain regions are recognizably active during the activation of short-term working memory (e.g., prefrontal cortex), or the storage of information retrieved as long-term explicit memories (e.g., hippocampus and related cortical areas) or the modulation of the storage of memories related to emotional events (e.g., amygdala). This does not mean that there is a separate neural structure completely supporting the storage of each kind of memory but means that these memories critically depend on the functioning of these neural structures. The current view is that there is no sense in talking about hippocampus-based or amygdala-based memory since this implies that there is a one-to-one correspondence. The present question to be solved is how systems interact in memory. The pertinence of attributing a critical role to cellular processes like synaptic tagging and protein kinase A activation to explain the memory storage processes at the cellular level was also discussed.