OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of delirium on post-discharge mortality in hospitalized older patients. INTRODUCTION: Delirium is frequent in hospitalized older patients and correlates with high hospital mortality. There are only a few studies about its impact on post-discharge mortality. METHODS: This is a prospective study of patients over 60 years old who were hospitalized in the Geriatric Unit at Hospital das Clínicas of São Paulo between May 2006 and March 2007. Upon admission, demographics, comorbidities, number of drugs taken, and serum albumin concentration were evaluated for each patient. Delirium was diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria. Patients were divided into group A (with delirium) and group B (without delirium). One year after discharge, the patients or their caregivers were contacted to assess days of survival. RESULTS: The sample included 199 patients, 66 (33%) of whom developed delirium (Group A). After one year, 33 (50%) group A patients had died, and 45 (33.8%) group B patients had died (p = 0.03). There was a significant statistical difference in average age (p = 0.001) and immobility (p <0.001) between groups A and B. There were no statistically significant differences between groups A and B in number of drugs taken greater than four (p = 0.62), sex (p = 0.54) and number of diagnoses greater than four (p = 0.21). According to a multivariate analysis, delirium was not an independent predictor of post-discharge mortality. The predictors of post-discharge mortality were age > 80 years (p = 0.029), albumin concentration < 3.5 g/dl (p = 0.001) and immobility (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Delirium is associated with higher post-discharge mortality as a dependent predictor.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine predictors of in-hospital mortality among older patients admitted to a geriatric care unit. INTRODUCTION: The growing number of older individuals among hospitalized patients demands a thorough investigation of the factors that contribute to their mortality. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study implemented from February 2004 to October 2007 in a tertiary university hospital. A consecutive sample of 922 patients was evaluated for possible inclusion in this study. Patients hospitalized for palliative care, those who declined to participate, and those with incomplete data were excluded, resulting in a group of 856 patients aged 60 to 104 years. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine associations between in-patient mortality and gender, age, length of stay, number of prescribed medications and diagnoses at admission, history of heart failure, neoplastic disease, immobility syndrome, delirium, infectious disease, and laboratory tests at admission (serum albumin and creatinine). RESULTS: The overall mortality rate was 16.4%. The following factors were associated with higher in-hospital mortality: delirium (OR=4.13, CI=2.65-6.44, P<.001), neoplastic disease (OR=3.38, CI=2.11-5.42, P<.001), serum albumin levels at admission <3.3mg/ dL (OR=3.23, CI=2.03-5.13, P<.001), serum creatinine levels at admission >1.3mg/dL (OR=2.39, CI=1.53-3.72, P<.001), history of heart failure (OR=1.97, CI=1.20-3.22, P=.007), immobility (OR=1.84, CI=1.16-2.92, P =.009), and advanced age (OR=1.03, CI=1.01-1.06, P=.019). CONCLUSIONS: This study strengthens the perception of delirium as a mortality predictor among older inpatients. Cancer, immobility, low albumin levels, elevated creatinine levels, history of heart failure and advanced age were also related to higher mortality rates in this population.

Analisar as complicações iatrogênicas apresentadas por idosos hospitalizados. Estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários de 96 pacientes, 48 do sexo masculino e 48 do feminino, com idades variando de 60 a 93 anos (média: 75,7 anos), hospitalizados durante o ano de 1995 em enfermaria geriátrica. A análise da evolução dos pacientes durante o período de hospitalização permitiu evidenciar: 1) em 42 (43,7%) pacientes ocorreram uma ou mais complicações iatrogênicas, num total de 56 episódios; 2) manifestações relacionadas aos procedimentos diagnósticos corresponderam a 17,9% das iatrogenias; 3) alterações relacionadas às medidas terapêuticas corresponderam a 58,9%, sendo 32,1% referentes à terapêutica farmacológica e 26,8% a outros procedimentos terapêuticos; 4) manifestações iatrogênicas não relacionadas diretamente às afecções (úlceras de decúbito, quedas e fraturas) corresponderam a 23,2%; 5) a presença de manifestações iatrogênicas correlacionou-se com período mais prolongado de internação; 6) cinco pacientes faleceram em conseqüência direta de complicações iatrogênicas. A iatrogenia é freqüente em pacientes idosos hospitalizados, podendo determinar manifestações graves e mesmo fatais. Como uma significativa proporção dessas complicações pode ser evitada através de medidas adequadas, deve-se procurar identificar suas causas e desenvolver métodos para previni-la ou reduzir seus efeitos.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the iatrogenic complications in hospitalized elderly patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Review of the medical records of 96 patients, 48 men and 48 women, aged 60 to 93 years (75.7 years on average), hospitalized in a geriatric ward during 1995. RESULTS: The study of the medical records of the patients showed: 1) forty-two (43.7%) of the elderly had one or more iatrogenic illnesses, with a total of 56 occurrences; 2) complications due to diagnostic tests corresponded to 17.9% of the iatrogenic disorders; 3) complications relating to therapeutic procedures corresponded to 58.9% of the iatrogenic disorders, 32.1% being caused by drugs and 26.8% caused by other therapeutic measures; 4) complications not directly related to diseases, like pressure sores, falls and fractures, corresponded to 23.2% of iatrogenic disorders, 5) iatrogenic illnesses were associated with an extended hospital stay; 6) in five elderly patients the iatrogenic complication was believed to have contributed to the death of the patient. CONCLUSION: Iatrogenic disorders occur frequently in elderly hospitalized patients and sometimes cause major and even fatal complications. As many of these complications are potentially preventable, we must identify the causes and develop technics to prevent or reduce their effects.

Analisar as complicações iatrogênicas apresentadas por idosos hospitalizados. Estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários de 96 pacientes, 48 do sexo masculino e 48 do feminino, com idades variando de 60 a 93 anos (média: 75,7 anos), hospitalizados durante o ano de 1995 em enfermaria geriátrica. A análise da evolução dos pacientes durante o período de hospitalização permitiu evidenciar: 1) em 42 (43,7%) pacientes ocorreram uma ou mais complicações iatrogênicas, num total de 56 episódios; 2) manifestações relacionadas aos procedimentos diagnósticos corresponderam a 17,9% das iatrogenias; 3) alterações relacionadas às medidas terapêuticas corresponderam a 58,9%, sendo 32,1% referentes à terapêutica farmacológica e 26,8% a outros procedimentos terapêuticos; 4) manifestações iatrogênicas não relacionadas diretamente às afecções (úlceras de decúbito, quedas e fraturas) corresponderam a 23,2%; 5) a presença de manifestações iatrogênicas correlacionou-se com período mais prolongado de internação; 6) cinco pacientes faleceram em conseqüência direta de complicações iatrogênicas. A iatrogenia é freqüente em pacientes idosos hospitalizados, podendo determinar manifestações graves e mesmo fatais. Como uma significativa proporção dessas complicações pode ser evitada através de medidas adequadas, deve-se procurar identificar suas causas e desenvolver métodos para previni-la ou reduzir seus efeitos.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the iatrogenic complications in hospitalized elderly patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Review of the medical records of 96 patients, 48 men and 48 women, aged 60 to 93 years (75.7 years on average), hospitalized in a geriatric ward during 1995. RESULTS: The study of the medical records of the patients showed: 1) forty-two (43.7%) of the elderly had one or more iatrogenic illnesses, with a total of 56 occurrences; 2) complications due to diagnostic tests corresponded to 17.9% of the iatrogenic disorders; 3) complications relating to therapeutic procedures corresponded to 58.9% of the iatrogenic disorders, 32.1% being caused by drugs and 26.8% caused by other therapeutic measures; 4) complications not directly related to diseases, like pressure sores, falls and fractures, corresponded to 23.2% of iatrogenic disorders, 5) iatrogenic illnesses were associated with an extended hospital stay; 6) in five elderly patients the iatrogenic complication was believed to have contributed to the death of the patient. CONCLUSION: Iatrogenic disorders occur frequently in elderly hospitalized patients and sometimes cause major and even fatal complications. As many of these complications are potentially preventable, we must identify the causes and develop technics to prevent or reduce their effects.