Abstract Background: Increased level of physical activity (PA) and health education are known as non-pharmacological treatments of hypertension (HP). There is a lack of studies investigating the influence of HP knowledge on the level of PA among hypertensive patients. Objective: To examine the influence of patient's knowledge about HP on PA level and the relationship between these variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in in a primary care center located in a city in the southern Brazil. A total of 199 hypertensive patients (median 61.2 [13] years; body mass index (BMI) 21.9 (7.5) kg/m2; 72.4% women) were included. The level of PA was assessed by measuring the number of steps taken daily. The knowledge about HP was assessed by a standardized questionnaire (HIPER-Q). The Kruskall-Wallis test was used to compare age, BMI and PA level between HP knowledge categories, and the Spearman test was used to assess correlations (p <0.05). Results: The median score of knowledge about HP for patients categorized as insufficient (n=6, 3%), poor (n=24; 12.1%), acceptable (n=101; 50.8%) and good (n=68; 34.2%) was 11.0 (8.0), 20.0 (4.0), 26.0 (5.0) and 38.0 (2.0), respectively. No patient has achieved an “excellent” level of knowledge. There was no significant difference in PA level (p = 0.341), BMI (p = 0.510) or age (p = 0.073) between these categories. Age was negatively correlated with knowledge about HP (p <0.05 and rho = 0.02). Conclusions: Patient's knowledge about HP did not influence the level of PA in hypertensive patients. Age, number of steps per day and BMI were not significantly different between the categories of knowledge. Public policies and organizational strategy should be addressed to improve health education and avoid sedentary behavior in this population. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Background: Increased level of physical activity (PA) and health education are known as non-pharmacological treatments of hypertension (HP). There is a lack of studies investigating the influence of HP knowledge on the level of PA among hypertensive patients. Objective: To examine the influence of patient's knowledge about HP on PA level and the relationship between these variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in in a primary care center located in a city in the southern Brazil. A total of 199 hypertensive patients (median 61.2 [13] years; body mass index (BMI) 21.9 (7.5) kg/m2; 72.4% women) were included. The level of PA was assessed by measuring the number of steps taken daily. The knowledge about HP was assessed by a standardized questionnaire (HIPER-Q). The Kruskall-Wallis test was used to compare age, BMI and PA level between HP knowledge categories, and the Spearman test was used to assess correlations (p <0.05). Results: The median score of knowledge about HP for patients categorized as insufficient (n=6, 3%), poor (n=24; 12.1%), acceptable (n=101; 50.8%) and good (n=68; 34.2%) was 11.0 (8.0), 20.0 (4.0), 26.0 (5.0) and 38.0 (2.0), respectively. No patient has achieved an “excellent” level of knowledge. There was no significant difference in PA level (p = 0.341), BMI (p = 0.510) or age (p = 0.073) between these categories. Age was negatively correlated with knowledge about HP (p <0.05 and rho = 0.02). Conclusions: Patient's knowledge about HP did not influence the level of PA in hypertensive patients. Age, number of steps per day and BMI were not significantly different between the categories of knowledge. Public policies and organizational strategy should be addressed to improve health education and avoid sedentary behavior in this population. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

A corrida realizada na velocidade do consumo máximo de oxigênio (vVO2máx) pode ocasionar modificações nos parâmetros cinemáticos e assim, aumentar o custo energético ao longo do tempo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar características cinemáticas da articulação do tornozelo e joelho durante a corrida na vVO2máx e a relação entre modificações cinemáticas e o tempo limite na vVO2máx(Tlim). Onze voluntários ativos fisicamente foram submetidos a um teste incremental de corrida para determinar a vVO2máx e posteriormente, a um teste de velocidade constante na vVO2máx. As variáveis cinemáticas foram adquiridas através de filmagem bidimensional a 210Hz no plano sagital esquerdo, no estágio inicial e final da corrida. De todas as variáveis angulares analisadas, a máxima plantiflexão no balanço (p<0.01) foi a única que aumentou significativamente entre o início e o final da corrida. O aumento no ângulo do tornozelo no contato foi correlacionado ao Tlim (r=0,64; p=0,035) e explicou 34% do desempenho no teste. Esses achados sugerem que os sujeitos mantêm um estilo de corrida relativamente estável na vVO2máx e que o aumento da plantiflexão no contato foi capaz de explicar o desempenho neste teste entre sujeitos não corredores.

Exhaustive running at maximal oxygen uptake velocity (vVO2max) can alter running kinematic parameters and increase energy cost along the time. The aims of the present study were to compare characteristics of ankle and knee kinematics during running at vVO2max and to verify the relationship between changes in kinematic variables and time limit (Tlim). Eleven male volunteers, recreational players of team sports, performed an incremental running test until volitional exhaustion to determine vVO2max and a constant velocity test at vVO2max. Subjects were filmed continuously from the left sagittal plane at 210 Hz for further kinematic analysis. The maximal plantar flexion during swing (p<0.01) was the only variable that increased significantly from beginning to end of the run. Increase in ankle angle at contact was the only variable related to Tlim (r=0.64; p=0.035) and explained 34% of the performance in the test. These findings suggest that the individuals under study maintained a stable running style at vVO2max and that increase in plantar flexion explained the performance in this test when it was applied in non-runners.

O Talk Test ou limiar de conversação é um método simples e não-invasivo para controle da intensidade de exercício. O pressuposto básico de tal método é que, em determinadas intensidades de exercício, o indivíduo não pode mais manter uma conversa confortável e que a ventilação e outras respostas fisiológicas estão associadas a essa inabilidade. Com isso, alguns limiares de transição fisiológica (LTF) podem ser determinados de maneira indireta através da dificuldade na fala. Estudos passaram a explorar esta alternativa, investigando a sua relação com variáveis fisiológicas e psicofísicas, bem como evidências de validade de aplicação para várias populações, principalmente, nas últimas duas décadas, quando se nota crescente atenção da comunidade científica. O objetivo desta revisão é trazer informações relevantes sobre os estudos que utilizaram o Talk Test como estimativa de limiares de transição fisiológica e intensidades de esforço em distintas populações. São apresentados aspectos como o controle fisiológico da fala em repouso e durante o exercício, contextualização do limiar de conversação, delineamentos metodológicos utilizados e as relações entre o Talk Test e os limiares de transição fisiológica. A revisão foi feita a partir de buscas de artigos referentes ao tópico na base de dados Medline, Lilacs e Sportsdiscuss, sendo complementado com a produção recente de nosso grupo de pesquisa. Conclui-se que o Talk Test pode predizer limiares fisiológicos e delimitar zonas de segurança para exercício aeróbio para diversas populações. No entanto, necessita-se de estudos que aprimorem o protocolo de fala para a comparação e associação com outras variáveis fisiológicas e psicofísicas.

The Talk Test (TT) or conversation threshold is a simple and subjective method used to control exercise intensity by a no invasive manner. The basis of this method is that, for many exercise intensities, subjects are not able to maintain comfortable speech and ventilation and other physiological responses are associated to this inability. Thus, some physiological transition thresholds (LTF) can be predicted indirectly by speech difficult. Several studies have explored this alternative by investigating its relationship to physiological and psychophysical variables and evidence of validity for application in distinct populations. It occurred mainly at the 2 last decades which great attention have been given by the scientific community. The aim of this review is to make a discussion about the studies which used the Talk Test to estimate physiological transition thresholds and effort intensities in distinct populations. We present some aspects, such as physiological mechanisms of speech control during exercise, the context of talk test, the methodological alternatives applied, the hypothetical relationship between the talk test and physiological transition thresholds. The search for scientific articles related to this topic was done at the Medline, Lilacs e SportDiscus databases, and by the last studies from our research group. In conclusion, speech production difficult can predict physiological thresholds and identify target zones to aerobic exercise for many populations. However, further studies have to improve the speech protocol for comparison to other physiological and psychophysical variables.