Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as diferenças de gênero em estresse psicológico e no bem-estar dois anos após o início da pandemia da COVID-19, analisando fatores de risco e de proteção para estresse psicológico e bem-estar subjetivo. Este foi um estudo transversal repetido com amostra de 1.588 indivíduos da população geral da Espanha - 50% do sexo feminino e 50% do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 74 anos. Os participantes foram avaliados online por meio de sete questionários e escalas. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, de variância e de regressão múltipla hierárquica. Entre fevereiro e abril de 2022, 57,4% das mulheres e 38,7% dos homens apresentaram estresse psicológico, com porcentagens de 50,5% e 41,5%, respetivamente, entre outubro de 2022 e fevereiro de 2023. As mulheres também apresentaram maior vulnerabilidade percebida à doença, mais sentimentos negativos, menor equilíbrio afetivo e menor resiliência e autoestima do que os homens. Os indicadores mais importantes de maior estresse psicológico foram baixa autoestima, baixa resiliência, baixo apoio social e maior vulnerabilidade percebida à doença. Outros indicadores estatisticamente significativos foram: baixo nível de escolaridade entre as mulheres e não ser casado ou não viver com uma companheira entre os homens. Baixa autoestima também foi o melhor indicador de baixo bem-estar subjetivo; além disso, baixo apoio social e baixa resiliência também foram indicadores significativos. Além disso, baixo nível de escolaridade e alta vulnerabilidade percebida à doença foram indicadores estatisticamente significativos de baixo bem-estar subjetivo entre as mulheres e de não ser estudante entre os homens. Concluímos que estresse psicológico ainda é muito prevalente na Espanha dois anos após o início da pandemia da COVID-19, principalmente entre as mulheres.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las diferencias de género en distrés psicológico y en el bienestar a dos años del inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19, analizando factores de riesgo y de protección para distrés psicológico y bienestar subjetivo. Se trata de un estudio transversal repetido con una muestra de 1.588 individuos de la población general de España, 50% mujeres y 50% hombres, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 74 años. Los participantes fueron evaluados en línea mediante 7 cuestionarios y escalas. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, de varianza y de regresión múltiple jerárquica. Entre febrero y abril del 2022, el 57,4% de las mujeres y el 38,7% de los hombres presentaron distrés psicológico, con porcentajes del 50,5% y 41,5%, respectivamente, entre octubre del 2022 y febrero del 2023. Las mujeres también presentaron una mayor vulnerabilidad percibida a la enfermedad, más sentimientos negativos, menos equilibrio afectivo y menor resiliencia y autoestima que los hombres. Los indicadores más importantes de un mayor distrés psicológico fueron la baja autoestima, la baja resiliencia, el escaso apoyo social y una mayor vulnerabilidad percibida a la enfermedad. Otros indicadores estadísticamente significativos fueron los siguientes: bajo nivel de educación entre las mujeres y no estar casado o no vivir con una compañera entre los hombres. La baja autoestima también fue el mejor indicador de un bajo bienestar subjetivo; además, el escaso apoyo social y la baja resiliencia también fueron indicadores importantes. Además, el bajo nivel de educación y la alta vulnerabilidad percibida a la enfermedad fueron indicadores estadísticamente significativos de bajo bienestar subjetivo entre las mujeres y de no ser estudiantes entre los hombres. Concluimos que el distrés psicológico sigue siendo muy prevalente en España dos años después del inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19, especialmente entre las mujeres.

Abstract This study aimed to examine gender differences in distress and well-being two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing risk and protective factors for psychological distress and subjective well-being. It is a repeated cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,588 women (50%) and men (50%) from the general Spanish population aged 18-74 years who were assessed online by seven questionnaires and scales. Descriptive, variance, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. From February to April 2022, 57.4% of women and 38.7% of men had psychological distress, percentages that totaled 50.5% and 41.5%, respectively, from October 2022 to February 2023. Women also had greater perceived vulnerability to diseases, more negative feelings, and lower affect balance, resilience, and self-esteem than men. The most important predictors of greater psychological distress refer to lower self-esteem, resilience, and social support and higher perceived vulnerability to diseases. Other statistically significant predictors included lower educational level in women and neither being married nor living with a partner in men. Lower self-esteem also best predicted lower subjective well-being, with lower social support and lower resilience also constituting significant predictors. Moreover, lower educational level and higher perceived vulnerability to diseases statistically and significantly predicted lower subjective well-being in women, as did not being a student in men. We conclude that psychological distress remains greatly prevalent in Spain two years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in women.

Resumen: En las últimas décadas, la psicopatología y, con ella, la semiología psiquiátrica han sido sustituidas por las nosografías predominantes (CIE y DSM). En contraposición, existen modelos alternativos que ofrecen explicaciones de la conducta humana en el contexto relacional. Uno de ellos, el Modelo Judicativo de la Conducta, de Castilla del Pino, supone una herramienta válida para establecer los criterios que deben cumplir los actos de conducta calificados de psicóticos. En este artículo se describen los conceptos fundamentales de este modelo con el fin de objetivar las formaciones psicóticas, capturar los síntomas, diferenciarlos y establecer su validez en el diagnóstico de las conductas consideradas psicóticas, así como en los estados previos y en la deconstrucción. Se explicitan los aspectos necesitados de actualización y desarrollo, y se correlacionan conceptos de otros campos teóricos: niveles semiológicos, metáfora-metonimia, saliencia, saliencia aberrante e hiperreflexividad.

Abstract: In recent decades, psychopathology and, with it, psychiatric semiology have been replaced by the predominant nosographies (ICD and DSM). In contrast, there are alternative models that offer explanations of human behavior in the relational context. One of them, the Castilla del Pino´s Modelo Judicativo de Conducta, is a valid tool to establish the criteria that behaviors classified as psychotic must meet. The fundamental concepts of this model are described to objectify the psychotic formations, capture the symptoms, differentiate them, and establish their validity in the diagnosis of behaviors considered as psychotic, as well as in the previous states and in the deconstruction. Aspects in need of updating and development are made explicit and correlations with concepts from other theoretical fields, such as, semiological levels, metaphor-metonymy, salience, aberrant salience and hyperreflexivity, are examined.

ABSTRACT ABS resins have wide application in the market, mainly in the manufacture of household appliances, telephones, automotive industry and others, and need to be processed by extrusion for the manufacture of products. The variables used in the process of extrusion of polymers have a direct influence on their mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the different speeds of the extruder screw (15, 30, 45 and 60 rpm) on the mechanical properties of raw ABS after the extrusion process. Izod impact resistance and tensile tests, were also performed. The fractures of the samples tested by Izod impact were observed via optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and roughness was measured. Calorimetric tests (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA), as well as melt flow index (MFI), were also performed. The most significant results were observed for the extruder screw speed of 60 rpm. For the impact test, a reduction in impact energy of approximately 3% was observed, with the same result for tensile resistance. However, an increase in the value of the elastic modulus and the MFI was observed due to the increase in the degree of crystallinity, which was caused by the higher shear of the polymer mass in the screw of the extrusion equipment. Additionally, an atypical case occurred for the ABS polymer in the highest rotation, since it was the polymer that suffered the greatest shear in the polymer chains due to the degradation of the butadiene phase.

Abstract Introduction: severe obesity has had a greater increase than non-severe obesity in Chilean schoolchildren during the last years. We do not know whether the cut-off point currently used to define severe obesity in children (BMI ≥ + 3 DE, WHO-2007 curves) is associated with a greater biological risk in our population. Objective: to describe and compare cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren with severe vs. non-severe obesity. Methods: a secondary analysis of a sample of 3,325 schoolchildren was performed, in which cardiometabolic risk factors were studied. The prevalence of these was compared in the subsample of 589 schoolchildren with obesity according to whether it was severe or not, and the respective ORs were calculated. Results: mean age was 11.4 ± 0.98 years, 46 % were girls, and 11.5 % of the sample had severe obesity, with a higher prevalence of most of the factors studied and no differences in chronic disease, obesity or education in parents, or physical activity of the child. The risk of those with severe obesity for central obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and metabolic syndrome reached an OR of 12.9, 3.2, 2.67, and 1.92, respectively, as compared to those with non-severe obesity. Conclusion: this definition of severe obesity in childhood favors the identification of children with higher cardiometabolic comorbidity, which allows to focus the efforts of secondary prevention and its most timely treatment.

Resumen Introducción: la obesidad grave ha tenido un mayor aumento que la obesidad no grave en los escolares chilenos durante los últimos años. Desconocemos si el punto de corte actualmente utilizado para definir la obesidad grave (IMC ≥ + 3 DE, curvas OMS-2007) se asocia a un mayor daño biológico en nuestra población pediátrica. Objetivo: describir y comparar el riesgo cardiometabólico en escolares con obesidad grave y no grave. Método: se realizó un análisis secundario de una muestra de 3325 escolares en los que se estudiaron los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico. Se comparó la prevalencia de estos factores en los que presentaban obesidad según fuera esta grave o no, calculándose los OR respectivos. Resultados: de los 589 sujetos con obesidad, con una media de edad de 11,4 ± 0,98 años, el 46 % eran de género femenino y el 11,5 % presentaban obesidad grave, con mayor prevalencia de la mayoría de los factores estudiados y sin diferencias en cuanto a antecedentes parentales de enfermedad crónica u obesidad, educación de los padres y actividad física del niño. Los niños con obesidad grave tenían un mayor riesgo de obesidad central (OR: 12,9), resistencia insulínica (OR: 3,2), HTA (OR: 2,67) y síndrome metabólico (OR:1,92). Conclusión: esta definición de obesidad grave en la niñez favorece la identificación de los niños con mayor comorbilidad cardiometabólica, lo cual permite focalizar los esfuerzos de prevención secundaria y su tratamiento más oportuno.

Resumen Este artículo presenta un método de evaluación de pensamiento computacional para individuos adultos. Para lograrlo, se desarrolló toda la construcción andragógica de un curso, anclado en las teorías del aprendizaje significativo de Ausubel y de aprendizaje de adultos de Knowles. La propuesta consiste en presentar un modelo de referencia de pensamiento computacional, un método de evaluación y la clasificación de los sujetos. Como resultado de la aplicación de este método, es posible clasificar a los participantes en alfabetizado en código y pensador computacional desconectado. Este método se aplicó en un curso binacional, donde estudiantes brasileños y uruguayos comparten el mismo espacio de aprendizaje. A través de este estudio de caso y del análisis cualitativo de los resultados, el 25 % de los participantes alcanzó el estado de alfabetizado en código y el 12.5 % el de pensador computacional desconectado. Una contribución importante de este método es la combinación de instrumentos de evaluación y la clasificación resultante de los individuos, ya que no se han encontrado publicaciones similares a la fecha.

Abstract This article reports a method for the assessment of computational thinking for adults. To this end, the entire andragogical construction of a course was developed, founded on Ausubel's theories of meaningful learning and on Knowles' theories of adult learning. The proposal consists of presenting a reference model of computational thinking, a method of assessment, and the classification of subjects. As a result of the application of this method, it is possible to classify participants into code literate and unplugged computational thinker. This method was implemented in a bi-national course, where Brazilian and Uruguayan students share the same space for learning. Through this case study and a qualitative analysis of the results, 25% of the participants achieved the status of code literate and 12.5% of the participants achieved the status of unplugged computational thinker. An important contribution of this method is the combination of instruments for assessment and the resulting classification of individuals, as no similar publications have been found to date.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta um método para a avaliação do pensamento computacional para adultos. Para isso, toda a construção andragógica de um curso foi desenvolvida, fundado nas teorias de Ausubel sobre aprendizagem significativa e nas teorias de Knowles sobre a aprendizagem de adultos. A proposta consiste em apresentar um modelo de referência de pensamento computacional, um método de avaliação e a classificação dos sujeitos. Como resultado da aplicação deste método, é possível classificar os participantes como alfabetizados em código e pensadores computacionais desplugados. Este método foi implementado num curso binacional, onde estudantes brasileiros e uruguaios partilham o mesmo espaço de aprendizagem. Através deste estudo de caso e de uma análise qualitativa dos resultados, 25% dos participantes alcançaram o estatuto de alfabetizados em código e 12,5% o de pensadores computacionais desplugados. Uma contribuição importante deste método é a combinação de instrumentos de avaliação e a classificação resultante dos indivíduos, uma vez que até à data não foram encontradas publicações semelhantes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease that is related to thyroid abnormalities. Objective: Describe the relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroid disease. Methods: A review of the national and international literature of the last 15 years was carried out in databases, in Spanish and in English. The following keywords were used: "type 1 diabetes mellitus", "autoimmune", “autoimmune thyroid disease", "thyroid dysfunction" and "antithyroid antibodies. Analysis and integration of information: The most common alteration is subclinical hypothyroidism and it occurs most often in the female sex, so it is suggested to periodically perform the thyroid profile to these patients. Conclusions: These implications should be taken into account in clinical practice to provide timely treatment, improve complications such as cardiovascular disease and reduce morbidity and mortality figures.

RESUMEN Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es una enfermedad autoinmunitaria que se relaciona con alteraciones tiroideas. Objetivo: Describir la relación que existe entre diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura nacional e internacional de los últimos 15 años en bases de datos, en español y en inglés. Se utilizaron las siguientes palabras clave: “diabetes mellitus tipo 1”, “autoinmunidad”, enfermad tiroidea autoinmune”, “disfunción tiroidea” y “anticuerpos antitiroideos. Análisis e integración de la información: La alteración más frecuente es el hipotiroidismo subclínico y se presenta con mayor frecuencia en el sexo femenino, por lo que se sugiere realizar periódicamente el perfil tiroideo a estos pacientes. Conclusiones: Se debe tener en cuenta en la práctica clínica estas implicaciones para brindar un tratamiento oportuno, mejorar complicaciones derivadas como las enfermedades cardiovasculares y disminuir las cifras de morbilidad y mortalidad.

Resumo Atualmente, muitos cidadãos têm acesso à internet e aos dispositivos móveis, como celulares, por exemplo, e os utilizam para executarem suas tarefas tanto particulares, quanto laborais. Estas mudanças compeliram os sujeitos a serem alfabetizados digitalmente. Porém, estes conhecimentos já não estão sendo suficientes, uma vez que os mesmos são encorajados a produzir tecnologia, ao invés de somente consumir da mesma, a fim de satisfazer o mercado laboral enquanto profissional, independente da sua área de atuação. Para um sujeito se tornar um agente produtor de tecnologia, preconiza-se que este desenvolva habilidades, pelo menos, de resolução de problemas, mais precisamente o Pensamento Computacional (PC) - habilidade desejável para cidadãos do século XXI. Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender e analisar o desenvolvimento do PC nos sujeitos adultos e para isso propõe um método de avaliação do processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Pensamento Computacional. A partir do constructo andragógico inovador, embasado na Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa e na Andragogia, no qual foram definidos um Modelo de Referência de Pensamento Computacional, o planejamento de um curso e um modelo de avaliação, obtém-se a classificação do sujeito como Alfabetizado em Código, Pensador Computacional Desplugado ou nenhum deles.

Resumen Hoy en día, muchos ciudadanos tienen acceso a Internet y a dispositivos móviles, como teléfonos celulares, por ejemplo, y los utilizan para realizar sus tareas privadas y laborales. Estos cambios obligaron a los sujetos a ser alfabetizados digitalmente. Sin embargo, este conocimiento ya no es suficiente, ya que se les anima a producir tecnología, en lugar de solo consumirla, para satisfacer al mercado laboral como profesional, independientemente de su área de especialización. Para que un sujeto se convierta en un agente productor de tecnología, se recomienda que desarrolle al menos habilidades para la resolución de problemas, más precisamente el Pensamiento Computacional (PC), una habilidad deseable para los ciudadanos del siglo XXI. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo comprender y analizar el desarrollo de la PC en sujetos adultos y para ello propone un método de evaluación del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje del Pensamiento Computacional. Partiendo de el innovador constructo andragógico, basado en la Teoría del Aprendizaje Significativo y la Andragogía, en el que se definieron un Modelo de Referencia del Pensamiento Computacional, la planificación de un curso y un modelo de evaluación, se obtiene la clasificación del sujeto como Alfabetizado en Código, Pensador Computacional Desconectado o ninguno de los anteriores.

Résumé Aujourd'hui, de nombreux citoyens ont accès à Internet et aux appareils mobiles, tels que les téléphones portables, par exemple, et les utilisent pour effectuer leurs tâches privées et professionnelles. Ces changements ont obligé les sujets à maîtriser le numérique. Cependant, ces connaissances ne sont plus suffisantes, car elles sont encouragées à produire de la technologie, au lieu de simplement la consommer, afin de satisfaire le marché du travail en tant que professionnel, quel que soit leur domaine d'expertise. Pour qu'un sujet devienne un agent de production de technologie, il est recommandé qu'il développe au moins des compétences en résolution de problèmes, plus précisément la Pensée Computationnelle (PC) - une compétence souhaitable pour les citoyens du 21e siècle. Ce travail visait à comprendre et à analyser le développement de la PC chez l'adulte et à cet effet propose une méthode d'évaluation du processus d'enseignement et d'apprentissage de la pensée computationnelle. La proposition de la construit andragogique innovante, basée sur la théorie de l'apprentissage significatif et de l'andragogie, dans laquelle un modèle de référence de la pensée computationnelle, la planification d'un cours et un modèle d'évaluation ont été définis, obtient la classification du sujet comme alphabétisé en code, Penseur informatique débranché ou aucun d'entre eux.

Abstract Today, many citizens have access to the internet and mobile devices, such as cell phones, for example, and use them to perform their private and work tasks. These changes compelled the subjects to be digitally literate. However, this knowledge is no longer sufficient, since they are encouraged to produce technology, instead of just consuming it, in order to satisfy the labor market as a professional, regardless of their area of expertise. For a subject to become a technology-producing agent, it is recommended that he develop at least problem-solving skills, more precisely Computational Thinking (PC) - a desirable skill for 21st century citizens. This work aimed to understand and analyze the development of CP in adult subjects and for that purpose proposes a method of evaluating the teaching and learning process of Computational Thinking. Based on the innovative andragogical construct, based on the Theory of Meaningful Learning and Andragogy, in which a Reference Model of Computational Thinking was defined, the planning of a course and an evaluation model, the classification of the subject as Literate in Code, Unplugged Computational Thinker or none of them.

Abstract The properties of aluminum alloys can be improved by the processing conditions that cause changes in the microstructure and by the addition of alloy elements. In order to understand the physical behavior and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys, it is important to be aware of some of the microstructural characteristics. Some of these characteristics are the morphology, alloy elements, volume and size, and second phase. In this study, we analyzed the effect of annealing on the mechanical and microstructural properties of the laminated AA 5182 aluminum alloy, when subjected to different annealing conditions. The alloy was heated to temperatures of 50º C, 100º C, 150º C, 200º C, 250º C and 300º C for 10 minutes and left to cool naturally. The evolution of the microstructure was characterized by optical and electronic microscopy with EDS, and, to obtain the mechanical properties, a tensile test was performed and the fractures were subsequently analyzed. The results showed that the heat treatment used reduced the amount of second phase particles and this influenced the mechanical properties.

Abstract The objective of the study was to compare the richness and diversity of ant assemblages in an agroecological system under peach orchard, conventional system under peach orchard cultivation and native vegetation in rural properties located in a Pampa Biome. The study was conducted in four samplings in 2017: 1st and 09th March (summer); 24th and 31st July (winter); and four samplings in 2018: 23rd and 30th January (summer); 31st July and 07th August (winter). Pitfall traps were used. The assemblages were characterized and compared using richness, number of occurrences of ants, Shannon diversity (H’), equitability, rarefaction analysis and Chao 1. The association of the species with the samples was evaluated by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The agroecological system had the highest number of occurrences, while the conventional orchard the lowest number. Richness and abundance were greatest during the summer. The conventional peach orchard obtained the lowest H’ for both seasons when compared to the agroecological orchard and native vegetation. The PCA explained 77.40% of the occurrence of ants in the environments and in the seasons. The results found demonstrated that conservationist systems tend to harbor greater wealth and diversity of ant assemblages, as well as occurring in native áreas.

Abstract Natural fibres have many advantages over synthetic ones, making them attractive for reinforcing polymer materials. This work evaluates the use of an Amazonian plant, namely Curauá (Ananas erectifolius), as a reinforcement phase of biocomposites fabricated by cold pressing. Curauá fibres have been shown to be a promising fibre for composite materials, especially due to their higher elastic modulus than other plant species. An L9 Taguchi design is used to investigate the effect of fibre fraction, NaOH concentration and immersion time on the tensile properties of biocomposites. Statistical models are able of predicting and revealing the optimal composition of the biocomposites. The tensile strength of Curauá biocomposites is significantly affected by the fibre fraction, followed by the factors of immersion time and NaOH concentration. High tensile strength is obtained by adding 25 wt.% of Curauá fibres treated under different conditions. There is an interaction between NaOH concentration and the immersion time; a higher concentration requires less time or vice versa to achieve ideal roughness, promoting strong fibre/matrix adhesion.

Resumen La hemorragia no compresible del torso es una de las principales causas de muerte prevenibles alrededor del mundo. Una evaluación eficiente y apropiada del paciente traumatizado con hemorragia activa es la esencia para evitar el desarrollo del rombo de la muerte (hipotermia, coagulopatía, hipocalcemia y acidosis). Actualmente, las estrategias de manejo inicial incluyen hipotensión permisiva, resucitación hemostática y cirugía de control de daños. Sin embargo, los recientes avances tecnológicos han abierto las puertas a una amplia variedad de técnicas endovasculares que logran esos objetivos con una morbilidad mínima y un acceso limitado. Un ejemplo de estos avances ha sido la introducción del balón de resucitación de oclusión aortica; REBOA ( Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta , por sus sigla en inglés ), el cual, ha tenido gran provecho entre los cirujanos de trauma alrededor del mundo debido a su potencial y versatilidad en áreas como trauma, ginecología y obstetricia, y gastroenterología. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la experiencia lograda en el uso del REBOA en pacientes con hemorragia no compresible del torso. Nuestros resultados muestran que el REBOA puede usarse como un nuevo actor en la resucitación de control de daños del paciente con trauma severo, para este fin, nosotros proponemos dos nuevos algoritmos para el manejo de pacientes hemodinámicamente inestables: uno para trauma cerrado y otro para trauma penetrante. Se reconoce que el REBOA tiene sus limitaciones, las cuales incluye un periodo de aprendizaje, su costo inherente y la disponibilidad. A pesar de esto, para lograr los mejores resultados con esta nueva tecnología, el REBOA debe ser usado en el momento correcto, por el cirujano correcto con el entrenamiento y el paciente correcto.

Abstract Noncompressible torso hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. An efficient and appropriate evaluation of the trauma patient with ongoing hemorrhage is essential to avoid the development of the lethal diamond (hypothermia, coagulopathy, hypocalcemia, and acidosis). Currently, the initial management strategies include permissive hypotension, hemostatic resuscitation, and damage control surgery. However, recent advances in technology have opened the doors to a wide variety of endovascular techniques that achieve these goals with minimal morbidity and limited access. An example of such advances has been the introduction of the Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA), which has received great interest among trauma surgeons around the world due to its potential and versatility in areas such as trauma, gynecology & obstetrics and gastroenterology. This article aims to describe the experience earned in the use of REBOA in noncompressible torso hemorrhage patients. Our results show that REBOA can be used as a new component in the damage control resuscitation of the severely injured trauma patient. To this end, we propose two new deployment algorithms for hemodynamically unstable noncompressible torso hemorrhage patients: one for blunt and another for penetrating trauma. We acknowledge that REBOA has its limitations, which include a steep learning curve, its inherent cost and availability. Although to reach the best outcomes with this new technology, it must be used in the right way, by the right surgeon with the right training and to the right patient.

Abstract Objective: Determine the blood content of the post-birth umbilical cord and its relation to size and cut-off time as well as analyze the possible clinical implications. Material and methods: The amount of residual blood in the umbilical cord of 252 infants was used to estimate confidence intervals of the mean blood content of the post-birth umbilical cord in relation to gestational age, cord length and cut time. Results: The average blood content in the cord was 1.2 mL/kg/weight or 0.19 mL/cm in the 252 patients. In cords that are greater than 25 cm long we find 2.29 mL/kg and in those less than 25 cm long we find 0.79 mL/kg. When using late clamping we obtained 2.27 mL/kg and with an early cut 2.34 mL/kg. In premature infants, the amount of blood with cord length < 25 cm was 0.89 mL/kg and with cord length > 25 cm of 3.09 mL/kg although there were only five children in this group. In the case of full-term births with cord length < 25 cm, the amount of blood was 0.78 mL/kg and 2.22 mL/kg for the case of cord length > 25 cm. Conclusions: The umbilical cord with a length greater than 25 cm can provide a transfusion of 2.29 mL/kg, cord clamping time has little impact on the blood total amount obtained.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar el contenido sanguíneo del cordón umbilical postnacimiento y su relación con el tamaño y el tiempo de corte mediante el análisis de las posibles implicaciones clínicas. Material y métodos: Se determinó la cantidad de sangre residual en el cordón umbilical de 252 neonatos en relación con la edad gestacional, la longitud del cordón y el tiempo de corte. Resultados: El contenido promedio de sangre en el cordón fue de 1.2 mL/kg/peso o 0.19 mL/cm de cordón. En los cordones mayores de 25 cm encontramos 2.29 mL/kg y en los menores de 25 cm 0.79 mL/kg. Con corte tardío se obtuvo 2.27 mL/kg y con corte temprano 2.34 mL/kg. En los prematuros la cantidad de sangre con cordón < a 25 cm fue de 0.89 mL/kg y con cordón > 25 cm de 3.09 mL/kg, aunque sólo fueron cinco niños de este grupo. En los de término con cordón < 25 cm fue de 0.78 mL/kg y > a 25 cm de 2.22 mL/kg. Conclusiones: El cordón umbilical con longitud mayor de 25 cm puede proporcionar una transfusión de 2.29 mL/kg, el tiempo de corte tiene poco impacto en la cantidad total obtenida.

RESUMO: O Test of Basic Scientific Literacy - TBSL é uma das ferramentas de inferência do nível de Alfabetização Científica de estudantes. Elaborado por Laugksch e Spargo, o teste é referendado no contexto nacional e internacional. No Brasil, foi traduzido por Nascimento-Schulze e, desde então, pesquisas foram conduzidas usando-o como instrumento. Visando explorar os estudos brasileiros, apresenta-se uma revisão de literatura com o intuito de conhecer a produção nacional que tem feito uso do TBSL. Encontramos 17 produções. Os trabalhos destacaram a sua estrutura teórica e a referência em pesquisas internacionais, bem como a sugestão de estudos de redução instrumental. Com esse artigo, espera-se reunir as experiências que utilizaram essa ferramenta e, assim, conhecer os proveitos e desafios de usá-la.

ABSTRACT: TBSL is one of the inference tools of the students’ scientific literacy level. Elaborated by Laugksch and Spargo, the test is refered to in the national and international context. In Brazil, it was translated by Nascimento-Schulze and since then researches were conducted using it as an instrument. To explore Brazilian studies, a literature review is presented to know the national production that has made use of TBSL. We found 17 productions. The works highlighted its theoretical structure and the reference in international researches, as well as the suggestion of instrumental reduction studies. With this article we hope to gather the experiences that used this tool and, thus, know the profits and challenges of using it.

RESUMEN: El Test of Basic Scientific Literacy - TBSL es una de las herramientas de inferencia del nivel de Alfabetización Científica de estudiantes. Desarrollado por Laugksch y Spargo, el test se refrendó en el contexto nacional e internacional. En Brasil fue traducido por Nascimento-Schulze y, desde entonces, se realizaron investigaciones utilizándolo como instrumento. Con la intención de explorar los estudios brasileños, se presenta una revisión de la literatura con el objetivo de conocer la producción nacional que utiliza el TBSL. Hallamos 17 producciones. Los trabajos destacaron su estructura teórica y la referencia en investigaciones internacionales, además de la sugerencia de estudios de reducción instrumental. Con este artículo, se desea reunir las experiencias que utilizaron esa herramienta y, de esa manera, conocer los beneficios y los retos al utilizarla.

Abstract: This research consisted of developing a graphical user interface in Python language for the reconstruction of images based on the propagation technique (PBI). The methodology used consisted of rewriting and ordering the existing code by reformulating it in the form of classes and methods to link them to the graphical user interface template using PyQt. The analysis requirements, design, and implementation of user graphic interface were explained. The graphical user interface permitted conducted two experiments using the PBI technique and analyzing their differences and similarities, and demonstrating that the algorithm for reconstruction was testing successfully.

Resumen: Esta investigación consistió en desarrollar una interfaz gráfica de usuario en lenguaje Python para la reconstrucción de imágenes basada en la técnica de propagación basada en imágenes (PBI). La metodolog1 3 053′fa utilizada consistió en volver a escribir y ordenar el código existente reformulándolo en forma de clases y métodos para vincularlo a la plantilla de interfaz gráfica de usuario mediante PyQt. Se explicaron los requisitos de análisis, el diseño y la implementación de la interfaz gráfica del usuario. La prueba de la interfaz gráfica se realizó en dos experimentos utilizando la técnica PBI, analizando sus diferencias y similitudes, lo que demuestra que la interfaz gráfica de usuario, su herramienta, y el algoritmo para la reconstrucción fueron probados con éxito.