Resumo O presente estudo objetivou verificar a associação entre aspectos psicossociais (capital social) e padrões alimentares em mulheres adultas. Realizou-se um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com uma amostra representativa de 1.128 mulheres, de 20 a 69 anos de idade, residentes na área urbana do município de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, em 2015. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados com base na frequência de consumo alimentar e classificados em: saudável (frutas, vegetais e alimentos integrais), de risco (alimentos ultraprocessados) e brasileiro (arroz e feijão), enquanto o capital social foi avaliado por meio de uma escala de eficácia coletiva. Observou-se que 18,9% da amostra foi classificada com alta eficácia coletiva. Após ajuste para potenciais fatores de confusão, observou-se uma probabilidade 44% maior para adesão ao padrão saudável (RP [razão de prevalência] = 1,44; IC95% [intervalo de confiança de 95%]: 1,01-2,03; p = 0,040) e 71% maior para o padrão brasileiro (RP = 1,71; IC95%: 1,18-2,47; p = 0,004) entre as mulheres com um maior nível de eficácia coletiva, quando comparadas às com baixo nível de eficácia coletiva. Assim, este estudo verificou uma relação significativa entre aspectos psicossociais e consumo alimentar em mulheres.

Abstract The present study aimed to verify the association between psychosocial aspects (social capital) and food patterns in adult women. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted with a representative sample of 1,128 women, aged 20 to 69 years, living in the urban area of the municipality of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2015. The food patterns were identified based on the frequency of food intake and classified as: healthy (fruits, vegetables, and whole foods), at-risk (ultraprocessed foods), and Brazilian (rice and beans), while social capital was evaluated using a collective efficacy scale. It was observed that 18.9% of the sample was classified with high collective efficacy. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a 44% higher probability was observed for adherence to the healthy pattern (PR [prevalence ratio] = 1.44; 95%CI [95% confidence interval]: 1.01-2.03; p = 0.040) and 71% higher for the Brazilian pattern (PR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.18-2.47; p= 0.004) among women with a higher level of collective efficacy, when compared to those with a low level of collective efficacy. Thus, this study verified a significant relationship between psychosocial aspects and food intake in women.

Abstract The present study aimed to verify the association between psychosocial aspects (social capital) and food patterns in adult women. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted with a representative sample of 1,128 women, aged 20 to 69 years, living in the urban area of the municipality of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2015. The food patterns were identified based on the frequency of food intake and classified as: healthy (fruits, vegetables, and whole foods), at-risk (ultraprocessed foods), and Brazilian (rice and beans), while social capital was evaluated using a collective efficacy scale. It was observed that 18.9% of the sample was classified with high collective efficacy. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a 44% higher probability was observed for adherence to the healthy pattern (PR [prevalence ratio] = 1.44; 95%CI [95% confidence interval]: 1.01-2.03; p = 0.040) and 71% higher for the Brazilian pattern (PR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.18-2.47; p= 0.004) among women with a higher level of collective efficacy, when compared to those with a low level of collective efficacy. Thus, this study verified a significant relationship between psychosocial aspects and food intake in women.

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou verificar a associação entre aspectos psicossociais (capital social) e padrões alimentares em mulheres adultas. Realizou-se um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com uma amostra representativa de 1.128 mulheres, de 20 a 69 anos de idade, residentes na área urbana do município de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, em 2015. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados com base na frequência de consumo alimentar e classificados em: saudável (frutas, vegetais e alimentos integrais), de risco (alimentos ultraprocessados) e brasileiro (arroz e feijão), enquanto o capital social foi avaliado por meio de uma escala de eficácia coletiva. Observou-se que 18,9% da amostra foi classificada com alta eficácia coletiva. Após ajuste para potenciais fatores de confusão, observou-se uma probabilidade 44% maior para adesão ao padrão saudável (RP [razão de prevalência] = 1,44; IC95% [intervalo de confiança de 95%]: 1,01-2,03; p = 0,040) e 71% maior para o padrão brasileiro (RP = 1,71; IC95%: 1,18-2,47; p = 0,004) entre as mulheres com um maior nível de eficácia coletiva, quando comparadas às com baixo nível de eficácia coletiva. Assim, este estudo verificou uma relação significativa entre aspectos psicossociais e consumo alimentar em mulheres.

ABSTRACT Objective: Obesity is an important factor for cardiovascular and metabolic events. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity and the associated factors among healthcare university students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional university-based study of 2,245 healthcare university students in the Midwest region of Brazil was conducted in 2018. Overweight and obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, respectively. Demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, family and comorbidities characteristics were investigated. Poisson regression was used for the multivariable analysis. All analysis was stratified by sex. Results: The mean age of the sample was 22.7 years (standard deviation = 4.1) and 69.5% of the students was female. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 13.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.2-15.6) and 4% (95% CI: 3.0-4.9) for women and 34.5% (95% CI: 30.9-38.1) and 11.3% (95% CI: 8.9-13.6) for men, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was at least 70% higher in female students aged 24 years or older (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.24-2.41) and those who smoke (PR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.66-3.02). Additionally, female students with a family history of obesity (PR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.46-2.77) or with two or three comorbidities (PR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.43-3.04) exhibited a significantly higher probability for overweight/obesity. Similar findings were observed in male students, but with smaller effect sizes. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of overweight/obesity among healthcare university students, especially in men. It was related to the socio-demographic and family characteristics rather than behavioral factors.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify multimorbidity patterns in women in southern Brazil, and its relationship with sociodemographic, lifestyle characteristics, and nutritional status, as well as to explore the main independent risk factor for the identified patterns. Subjects and methods: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study with 1,128 women (20-69 years), southern Brazil. Chronic conditions were identified using the therapeutic and chemical anatomical classification of continuous use of medications. Multimorbidity was assessed as ≥2 or ≥3 chronic conditions to identify dyads and triads. Poisson regression was used to explore risk factors in the different adjustment models. As independent variables evaluated, in addition to sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle variables were included: consumption of fruits and vegetables, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking and nutritional status. Results: Eleven dyads (frequencies between 2.0% and 6.4%) and three triads (frequencies between 1.9% and 2.1%) of morbidities were identified in the study. Aging was related to a higher prevalence of all patterns, and obesity was a risk factor for multimorbidity patterns that contained conditions related to the cardiovascular and metabolic system and mental health. After adjustment, obesity increased the probability of “hypertension + common mental disorders (CMD)” (PR 3.63; 95% CI 1.94-6.78) and “dyslipidemia + CMD” (PR 3.69; 95% CI 1.08-12.65) by more than three times. Conclusion: This study identified common and important diseases in the patterns, associated with a common risk factor, obesity, that must be addressed by public health policies to prevent multimorbidity.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the trends of hospital admissions and deaths from diabetes mellitus in the 18 host municipalities of the 19 regional health coordination offices and in Rio Grande do Sul, 2000-2020. Method: Ecological study with secondary data collected in the Hospital Information System, the Mortality Information System, and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, from 2000-2020. Coefficients were standardized using the direct method and Prais-Winsten regression analysis. Results: A downward trend wasfound in the coefficients of hospitalizations for diabetes mellitus in most cities and states. In 2020, for both areas, hospitalizations for diabetes mellitus were below the average of the period. The mortality trend remained stationary in almost all municipalities and in the state. Conclusion: There was evidence of a decrease in hospitalizations and stationary mortality by DM in most municipalities analyzed, possibly due to the policies and actions implemented in the period, despite the aging of the population.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia de hospitalizaciones y muertes por diabetes mellitus en las 18 ciudades sede de las 19 coordinaciones regionales de salud y en Rio Grande do Sul, 2000-2020. Método: Estudio ecológico con datos secundarios recolectados en el Sistema de Información Hospitalaria, el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad y el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística, de 2000 a 2020. Los coeficientes se estandarizaron mediante el método directo y el análisis de regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Se encontró una tendencia a la baja en los coeficientes de hospitalizaciones por diabetes mellitus en la mayoría de las ciudades y estados. En 2020, en ambas las áreas, las internaciones por diabetes mellitus estuvieron inferiores al promedio obtenido en el período. La tendencia de mortalidad se mantuvo estacionaria en casi todos los municipios y en el estado. Conclusión: Se evidenció una disminución de las internaciones y de la mortalidad estacionaria por DM en la mayoría de los municipios analizados, posiblemente en función de las políticas y acciones implementadas en el período, a pesar del envejecimiento de la población.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a tendência das internações hospitalares e dos óbitos por diabetes mellitusnos 18 municípios-sede das 19 coordenadorias regionais de saúde e no Rio Grande do Sul, 2000-2020. Método: Estudo ecológico com dados secundários coletados no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares, Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, de 2000-2020. Foi realizada padronização dos coeficientes pelo método direto e análise por regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Encontrou-se tendência de diminuição dos coeficientes de internações por diabetes mellitus na maioria dos municípios e Estado. Em 2020, foram observadas hospitalizações por diabetes mellitus abaixo da média obtida no período, para ambos. A tendência de mortalidade permaneceu estacionária em quase todos os municípios e no Estado. Conclusão: Foi evidenciada diminuição das internações e mortalidade estacionária por DM na maioria dos municípios analisados, possivelmente em virtude das políticas e ações implementadas no período, apesar do envelhecimento da população.

Resumo Introdução No Sul do Brasil, a principal causa de mortalidade por neoplasias entre as mulheres está ocupada pelo câncer de mama. O exame clínico anual das mamas está recomendado como medida de rastreamento. Objetivo Investigar a prevalência de não realização do exame clínico de mamas nos últimos 12 meses e fatores associados em mulheres de 20 a 69 anos residentes no município de São Leopoldo/RS em 2015. Método Estudo transversal de base populacional, no qual foram incluídas na análise variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. Foram calculadas as razões de prevalência (RP) por regressão de Poisson. Resultados Entre 1.128 mulheres, a prevalência de não realização de exame clínico das mamas foi de 52,6% (IC95%: 51,1-57,2); na análise ajustada, a não realização do exame mostrou-se associada à classe econômica D/E (RP = 1,58; IC95%: 1,16-2,15) e escolaridade de 0 a 4 anos de estudo (RP = 2,16; IC95%: 1,33-3,53). Conclusão As mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social apresentaram maior probabilidade de não realização do exame, demonstrando a iniquidade do sistema.

Abstract Background In southern Brazil, the main cause of mortality from cancer among women is breast cancer. Annual clinical breast examination is recommended as a screening measure. Objective To investigate the prevalence of patients that did not perform breast exams in the last 12 months and its associated factors in women aged 20 to 69 years living in São Leopoldo/RS in 2015. Method The present research is a population-based, cross-sectional study; demographic and socio-economic variables were included in the analysis; prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated by Poisson regression. Results Among the 1128 women sampled, the prevalence of not performing clinical breast exams was of 52.6% (95%CI: 51.1-57.2); in the adjusted analysis, not performing clinical breast exams was associated with having a D/E socio-economic status (PR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.16-2.15), as well as with having an educational level of 0 to 4 years of study (PR = 2.16; 95%CI: 1.33-3.53). Conclusion Women in social vulnerability were more likely to not perform the exams, demonstrating the inequity of the system.

Resumo Objetivo Investigar a prevalência de síndrome pré-menstrual (SPM) e do transtorno disfórico pré-menstrual (TDPM) em alunas universitárias, os fatores associados à SPM, os sintomasmais prevalentes e a interferência dos sintomas nas atividades acadêmicas, familiares, sociais e de trabalho. Métodos Este estudo transversal incluiu 1.115 estudantes universitárias ≥18 anos da Universidade de Rio Verde, Goiás. Síndrome pré-menstrual e TDPM foram identificados por meio do Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool. As associações com fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais, reprodutivos, nutricionais e de saúde foram investigadas utilizando-se a regressão de Poisson. Resultados A prevalência de SPM foi de 46,9% (intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95% 44,0-49,8) e de TDPM, 11,1% (IC 95% 9,3-13,0). Os sintomas mais prevalentes foram físicos, como sensibilidade mamária, distensão abdominal e ganho de peso (73%); seguidos por psicológicos, como comer demais/desejos por comida, chorar/mais sensível à rejeição (> 60%). Mais de 30% relataram que os sintomas interferiam de forma moderada a grave em suas atividades sociais e acadêmicas. Após análise ajustada, a SPM foi mais prevalente naquelas que estava cursando o 1°/2° semestre da faculdade (razão de prevalência [RP] 1,44; IC 95% 1,14-1,80), as que haviam consumido álcool nos últimos 30 dias (RP 1,23; IC 95% 1,04-1,47), e as que tinha depressão (RP 1,49; IC 95% 1,30-1,71). Conclusão Quase metade das universitárias tinha SPM e cerca de 11%, TDPM. Os sintomas físicos foram os mais comuns e interferiram de forma moderada a grave em vários aspectos da vida. Frequentar os primeiros semestres, consumir álcool e ter depressão foram fatores de risco para SPM. A identificação dos fatores de risco para a SPM é essencial para prevenir os sintomas e reduzir o impacto da síndrome.

Abstract Objective To investigate the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in university students, the factors associated with PMS, the most prevalent symptoms, and the interference of symptoms in academic, family, social, and work activities. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1,115 university students aged ≥ 18 years from the University of Rio Verde, Goiás. Premenstrual syndrome and PMDD were identified using the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool. Associations with sociodemographic, behavioral, reproductive, nutritional, and health factors were investigated using the Poisson regression. Results The prevalence of PMS was 46.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 44.0-49.8), and of PMDD, 11.1% (95% CI 9.3-13.0). The most prevalent symptoms were physical, such as breast tenderness, bloating, e weight gain (73%); followed by psychological ones such as overeating/food cravings, tearful/more sensitive to rejection (> 60%). More than 30% of the patients reported that the symptoms interfered in a moderate-tosevere way in their social and academic activities. After adjusted analysis, PMS was more prevalent in those who were attending the 1st/2nd semester of college (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.44; 95% CI 1.14-1.80), those who consumed alcohol in the last 30 days (PR 1.23; 95% CI 1.04-1.47), and those who had depression (PR 1.49; 95% CI 1.30-1.71). Conclusion Almost half of the university students had PMS and ~ 11%, PMDD. Physical symptoms were themost common and interfered in amoderate-to-severe way in various aspects of life. Attending the first semesters, consuming alcohol, and having depression were risk factors for PMS. The identification of risk factors for PMS is essential to prevent symptoms and reduce the impact of the syndrome.

Resumo: Introdução: Os universitários apresentam maior risco de adotar o comportamento sedentário em virtude da própria rotina, a qual requer muito tempo dedicado às aulas e a utilização frequente do computador para os estudos. Essa situação tem se tornado preocupante porque o comportamento sedentário tem sido associado a desfechos adversos em saúde, como mortalidade e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o tempo despendido com o uso do computador como discriminador da obesidade, do sedentarismo e de fatores de risco cardiovascular em universitários. Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado com 2.275 acadêmicos de cursos da área da saúde de uma fundação pública do estado de Goiás. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de um questionário composto por variáveis sociodemográficas, relativas ao curso e a aspectos comportamentais e de saúde. A variável de desfecho foi o tempo utilizando o computador (TC). Identificaram-se o poder discriminatório e os pontos de corte do TC para os desfechos de interesse por meio das curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) com IC95%. Resultado: O tempo médio usando o computador para estudos, trabalho ou lazer foi de 3,90 horas/dia para mulheres e 3,82 horas/dia para homens. A área sob a curva ROC entre o TC e o sedentarismo foi de 0,54 (IC95% 0,51-0,58) para mulheres e 0,56 (IC95% 0,50-0,63) para homens. Já para a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), foi de 0,57 (IC95% 0,50-0,64) para mulheres. Os melhores pontos de corte relacionados a essas condições foram 3,5 e 4,5 horas, respectivamente. Conclusão: O TC apresentou boa capacidade preditiva para discriminar o sedentarismo e a HAS entre universitários. Sugere-se que a diminuição do TC e sua substituição por atividades ativas possam contribuir para a melhoria do perfil de saúde e a qualidade de vida dos acadêmicos.

Abstract: Introduction: University students are at greater risk of adopting a sedentary behavior due to their routine, with a large amount of time being dedicated to classes and studying in front of a computer. This situation has become a matter of concern, because sedentary behavior has been associated with adverse health outcomes such as mortality and chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: To analyze the time spent using the computer as a discriminator of obesity, sedentary lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors in University students. Method: This was a cross-sectional study with 2,275 students from courses in the health area of a public institution in Goiás. Data were obtained by applying a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic, course-related, behavioral and health variables. The outcome variable was time using the computer (TC). The discriminatory power and the cutoff points of time using the computer for the outcomes of interest were identified using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves with 95%CI. Result: The mean time spent using the computer for studying, working, or leisure was 3.90 hours/day for women and 3.82 hours/day for men. The area under the ROC curve between TC and sedentary lifestyle was 0.54 (95%CI 0.51-0.58) for women and 0.56 (95%CI 0.50 - 0.63) for men. As for systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) it was 0.57 (95%CI 0.50 - 0.64) for women. The best cutoff points related to these conditions were 3.5 and 4.5 hours, respectively. Conclusion: The TC showed good predictive capacity to discriminate a sedentary lifestyle and SAH among University students. It is suggested that the reduction of TC and its replacement by active activities can contribute to improving the health profile and quality of life of students.

ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated factors in women in southern Brazil. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study with a sample of 1,128 women (age 20–69 years), living in São Leopoldo, southern Brazil. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more chronic conditions measured using the therapeutic and chemical anatomical classification of continuous use medications prescribed by a physician. Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to assess the association between sociodemographic and lifestyle variables and multimorbidity. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 21.7% (95%CI 19.3–24.2), and 26 chronic conditions were identified. A direct linear association was observed with age and income and an inverse association with education. Being unemployed was a risk factor for multimorbidity (PR 1.95; 95%CI 1.51–2.52). Alcohol consumption (moderate or excessive) had a protective effect. Overweight and obese women were 53% (PR 1.53; 95%CI 1.09–2.15) and 76% (PR 1.76; 95%CI 1.27–2.45) more likely to have multimorbidity than eutrophic women. Conclusion: Over 20% of the adult women had multimorbidity, and its occurrence was strongly associated with socioeconomic characteristics, such as fewer years of schooling, higher income, and not having an occupation. The results regarding alcohol consumption are still insufficient to propose a public policy for the prevention of multimorbidity. Excess weight was an independent risk factor and should be addressed in public health policies for the prevention and management of multimorbidity.

ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated factors in women in southern Brazil. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study with a sample of 1,128 women (age 20–69 years), living in São Leopoldo, southern Brazil. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more chronic conditions measured using the therapeutic and chemical anatomical classification of continuous use medications prescribed by a physician. Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to assess the association between sociodemographic and lifestyle variables and multimorbidity. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 21.7% (95%CI 19.3–24.2), and 26 chronic conditions were identified. A direct linear association was observed with age and income and an inverse association with education. Being unemployed was a risk factor for multimorbidity (PR 1.95; 95%CI 1.51–2.52). Alcohol consumption (moderate or excessive) had a protective effect. Overweight and obese women were 53% (PR 1.53; 95%CI 1.09–2.15) and 76% (PR 1.76; 95%CI 1.27–2.45) more likely to have multimorbidity than eutrophic women. Conclusion: Over 20% of the adult women had multimorbidity, and its occurrence was strongly associated with socioeconomic characteristics, such as fewer years of schooling, higher income, and not having an occupation. The results regarding alcohol consumption are still insufficient to propose a public policy for the prevention of multimorbidity. Excess weight was an independent risk factor and should be addressed in public health policies for the prevention and management of multimorbidity.

Resumo Introdução O abandono do tratamento da tuberculose (TB) está associado à manutenção da doença, resistência medicamentosa e morbimortalidade. Objetivo Avaliar a tendência da TB e identificar os fatores de risco associados ao abandono do tratamento no município de Sapucaia do Sul, no Rio Grande do Sul, nos anos de 2006 a 2012. Método Estudo de casos e controles com dados secundários notificados no Sistema de Informação. Os casos foram de pacientes que abandonaram o tratamento. Como controles, foram sorteadas pessoas que completaram o tratamento e obtiveram cura. O pareamento foi realizado de acordo com a data do diagnóstico da doença. Foram incluídos quatro controles para cada caso. Resultados Foram notificados 660 casos de TB no período. O abandono manteve-se acima dos 5%, com aumento a partir de 2009. Na análise ajustada, idade de 16 a 29 anos (OR = 16,9; IC95%: 3,78-76,0; p < 0,001), idade de 30 a 49 anos (OR = 9,9; IC95%: 2,25-43,8; p < 0,001), entrada como recidiva após cura (OR = 2,83; IC95%: 1,30-6,14; p < 0,01) e drogadição (OR = 3,94; IC95%: 1,13-13,6; p = 0,03) permaneceram associadas com o abandono do tratamento. Conclusão Indivíduos jovens, que já haviam apresentado a doença e se curado e que faziam o uso de drogas ilícitas, abandonaram o tratamento.

Abstract Background The abandonment of tuberculosis (TB) treatment is associated with maintenance of the disease, drug resistance, and morbidity and mortality. Objective To evaluate the tendency of TB and identify the risk factors associated with the abandonment of treatment in the city of Sapucaia do Sul in Rio Grande do Sul state, from 2006 to 2012. Method This is a case-control study carried out with secondary data reported in the Information System. The case study had the patients who abandoned treatment. The control study had individuals that completed the treatment and were cured. The pairing was performed according to the date of diagnosis of the disease. Four controls were included for each case. Results 660 cases of TB were reported in the period. The abandonment remained above 5%, with an increase from 2009 on. In the adjusted analysis, age 16 to 29 years (OR = 16.9; 95% CI: 3.78 - 76.0; p <0.001), age 30 to 49 years (OR = 9.9; 95% CI: 2.25 - 43.8; p <0.001), type of entry as relapse after cure (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.30 - 6.14; p <0.01) and drug addiction (OR = 3.94; 95% CI: 1.13 - 13.6; p = 0.03) remained associated with abandonment of treatment. Conclusion Young individuals, who had already presented the disease and cured, who used illicit drugs, were those who abandoned treatment.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o ambiente alimentar de um município de médio porte do Sul do Brasil e relacionar a disponibilidade de diferentes tipos de comércios de alimentos com características socioeconômicas e demográficas do entorno. Trata-se de estudo ecológico em 45 buffers, de 400m, em São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. O buffer foi calculado a partir do centróide das residências das mulheres participantes de um projeto de pesquisa maior. Todas as ruas foram percorridas para a identificação dos estabelecimentos de alimentos, que tiveram suas coordenadas geográficas registradas, bem como foram avaliados, através do questionário NEMS (Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores), sobre disponibilidade, preço e qualidade de 108 itens. Os comércios foram classificados em supermercados, mercearias, fruteiras e lojas de conveniência. Os supermercados e as mercearias estavam em maior número nos buffers de menor renda e mercearias mais presentes naqueles de maior tercil populacional. Observa-se relação direta entre escores do NEMS e tercil de renda para supermercados, mercearias e fruteiras e indireta para os mesmos comércios e tercil populacional. A disponibilidade de alimentos saudáveis se mostrou mais elevada em áreas de maior renda e menor número de habitantes, o que sinaliza a necessidade de melhor distribuição dos comércios e variedades de alimentos.

Abstract The scope of this study is to describe the food environment of a medium-sized municipality in southern Brazil and compare the availability of different types of food outlets in neighborhood socioeconomic and demographic environments. An ecological study was carried out in 45 buffers of 400m in São Leopoldo county, RS. The buffer was calculated from the center point of the residences of women participating in a larger research project. All streets were surveyed to identify food stores and record their geographical coordinates, as well as apply the NEMS questionnaire on the availability, price and quality of 108 items. The commercial outlets were classified as supermarkets, grocery stores, fruit stores and convenience stores. Supermarkets and grocery stores were present in higher quantity in lower income buffers and grocery stores were more prevalent in those with higher population tertiles. Another result was a direct relationship between NEMS and tertile income scores for supermarkets, grocery stores and fruit stores, and an indirect relationship for the same stores and population tertile. The availability of healthy food was higher in areas with higher income and lower numbers of inhabitants, indicating the need for better distribution of food stores and availability of varieties of food in the municipality.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o ambiente alimentar de um município de médio porte do Sul do Brasil e relacionar a disponibilidade de diferentes tipos de comércios de alimentos com características socioeconômicas e demográficas do entorno. Trata-se de estudo ecológico em 45 buffers, de 400m, em São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. O buffer foi calculado a partir do centróide das residências das mulheres participantes de um projeto de pesquisa maior. Todas as ruas foram percorridas para a identificação dos estabelecimentos de alimentos, que tiveram suas coordenadas geográficas registradas, bem como foram avaliados, através do questionário NEMS (Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores), sobre disponibilidade, preço e qualidade de 108 itens. Os comércios foram classificados em supermercados, mercearias, fruteiras e lojas de conveniência. Os supermercados e as mercearias estavam em maior número nos buffers de menor renda e mercearias mais presentes naqueles de maior tercil populacional. Observa-se relação direta entre escores do NEMS e tercil de renda para supermercados, mercearias e fruteiras e indireta para os mesmos comércios e tercil populacional. A disponibilidade de alimentos saudáveis se mostrou mais elevada em áreas de maior renda e menor número de habitantes, o que sinaliza a necessidade de melhor distribuição dos comércios e variedades de alimentos.

Abstract The scope of this study is to describe the food environment of a medium-sized municipality in southern Brazil and compare the availability of different types of food outlets in neighborhood socioeconomic and demographic environments. An ecological study was carried out in 45 buffers of 400m in São Leopoldo county, RS. The buffer was calculated from the center point of the residences of women participating in a larger research project. All streets were surveyed to identify food stores and record their geographical coordinates, as well as apply the NEMS questionnaire on the availability, price and quality of 108 items. The commercial outlets were classified as supermarkets, grocery stores, fruit stores and convenience stores. Supermarkets and grocery stores were present in higher quantity in lower income buffers and grocery stores were more prevalent in those with higher population tertiles. Another result was a direct relationship between NEMS and tertile income scores for supermarkets, grocery stores and fruit stores, and an indirect relationship for the same stores and population tertile. The availability of healthy food was higher in areas with higher income and lower numbers of inhabitants, indicating the need for better distribution of food stores and availability of varieties of food in the municipality.

Resumo Introdução O uso de métodos de avalição é uma forma de qualificação do sistema de saúde. Objetivo Avaliou-se a qualidade dos serviços de atenção primária à saúde e compararam-se os atributos entre as unidades básicas de saúde com Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) com aquelas de modelo tradicional, em Sapucaia do Sul, RS, permitindo a identificação dos atributos mais vulneráveis. Método Trata-se de estudo transversal de avaliação da APS utilizando-se o instrumento PCATool - Brasil, versão profissionais de saúde. Os respondentes foram enfermeiros da rede. As unidades foram comparadas mediante o uso de médias dos escores observados nos atributos e seus intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados Das 24 unidades avaliadas, 20 (83,3%) apresentaram escore geral médio maior que 6,60. O escore geral das unidades com ESF foi 7,24 (IC95% 7,0-7,3), enquanto a média das BHU tradicionais foi 6,70 (IC95% 6,1-7,0). Na maioria dos atributos, houve melhor desempenho nas equipes com ESF, embora a diferença tenha sido constatada nos atributos integralidade-serviços disponíveis e orientação comunitária. A acessibilidade atingiu o desempenho menos satisfatório nos dois modelos. Conclusão Apontou-se a necessidade de se melhorar o acesso e de se incrementar o sistema de referência, e foram mostradas ações para aperfeiçoar o desempenho.

Abstract Introduction The use of evaluation methods is a way of qualifying the health system. Objective The objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality of primary health care (PHC) services and compare health units with Family Health Strategy with those units with a traditional model, in Sapucaia do Sul, RS. This study identified the most vulnerable attributes among units. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of PHC assessment using the PCATool – Brazil instrument, version of health professionals. Respondents were network nurses. The units were compared using the average scores observed in the attributes and their 95% confidence intervals. Results 20 (83.3%) of the 24 units evaluated, had an average general score greater than 6.60. The general score of units with FHS was 7.24 (95% CI 7.0-7.3), while the average of traditional basic health units (BHU) was 6.70 (95% CI 6.1-7.0). In most of the attributes, there was a better performance in teams with FHS, although the difference was found in the integrality attributes – available services and community guidance. Accessibility achieved the least satisfactory performance in both models. Conclusion The need was pointed out to improve access, to increase the reference system, and actions were shown to improve performance.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência de dor lombar crônica e seus fatores associados em uma população de mulheres. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com 1.128 mulheres com idade entre 20 e 69 anos e residentes na zona urbana de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. A dor lombar crônica foi avaliada a partir da presença de dor com duração mínima de três meses, e os fatores investigados incluíram aspectos sociodemográficos, comportamentais e antropométricos. Os resultados indicaram uma prevalência de dor lombar crônica de 46,5% (IC95%: 43,6-49,4). Após ajuste, os fatores associados à dor lombar crônica foram: idade, atividade física e estado nutricional. Observou-se uma associação com tendência linear positiva entre idade e dor lombar, assim como uma probabilidade 31% (RP=1,31; IC95%: 1,05-1,64; p=0,02) e 25% (RP=1,25; IC95%: 1,09-1,42; p<0,001) maior de mulheres fisicamente inativas e obesas terem dor lombar, quando comparadas às mulheres fisicamente ativas e com peso corporal normal, respectivamente. Assim, este estudo evidenciou uma elevada prevalência de dor lombar crônica em mulheres, identificando como principais fatores associados a sua ocorrência a idade avançada, a inatividade física e a obesidade.

ABSTRACT This study sought to identify the prevalence of chronic low back pain and its associated factors in a population of women. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 1,128 women aged 20 to 69 and living in the urban area of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Chronic low back pain was assessed by the presence of prevailing pain lasting for at least three months, and the investigated factors consisted of sociodemographic, behavioral and anthropometric aspects. The prevalence of chronic low back pain was 46.5% (95%CI: 43.6-49.4). After the adjustment, factors associated with the presence of chronic low back pain were: age, physical activity and nutritional status. We observed an association with a positive linear trend between age and low back pain. Furthermore, physically inactive and obese women presented, respectively, a 31% (PR=1.31; 95%CI: 1.05-1.64; p=0.02) and 25% (PR=1.25; 95%CI: 1.09-1.42; p<0.001) higher probability of presenting low back pain than those with normal body weight. In conclusion, we identified a high prevalence of chronic low back pain in women, and the main associated factors included: advanced age, physical inactivity and obesity.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la prevalencia de lumbalgia crónica y sus factores asociados en mujeres. Se realizó un estudio transversal, poblacional, con 1.128 mujeres de entre 20 y 69 años de edad, residentes en la zona urbana de São Leopoldo, en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Para caracterizar lumbalgia crónica se evaluó la presencia de dolor durante al menos tres meses, y los factores investigados incluyeron aspectos sociodemográficos, conductuales y antropométricos. Los resultados apuntan una prevalencia de lumbalgia crónica del 46,5% (IC95%: 43,6-49,4). Tras el ajuste, los factores asociados a la lumbalgia crónica fueron: edad, actividad física y estado nutricional. Hubo una asociación de tendencia lineal positiva entre la edad y la lumbalgia, así como una probabilidad del 31% (RP=1,31; IC95%: 1,05-1,64; p=0,02) y del 25% (RP= 1,25; IC95%: 1,09-1,42; p<0,001) mayor de dolor lumbar en mujeres físicamente inactivas y obesas en comparación con mujeres físicamente activas y con peso corporal normal. Este estudio evidenció una alta prevalencia de lumbalgia crónica en mujeres y los principales factores asociados fueron la edad avanzada, la inactividad física y la obesidad.